泌尿系統(tǒng)課件

泌尿系統(tǒng)課件

2CompositionandFunction腎(kidney)－formsurine.輸尿管(ureter)－conductsurinefromKidneystobladder.膀胱(bladder)－receivesandstoresurine.尿道(urethra)－conductsurinefrombladdertoexteriorofbody.

3腎Kidney1.腎的形態(tài)成對(duì)、蠶豆形、紅褐色上端寬薄、下端窄厚前面圓鈍、后面扁平外側(cè)緣凸隆、內(nèi)側(cè)緣中部凹陷

4內(nèi)側(cè)緣中部凹陷腎門(Renalhilum)－averticalslitonthemedialborderofkidney.腎蒂(Renalpedicle)－thestructureswhichenterandleavetherenalhilumiscalled.includingtherenalvein,renalartery,renalpelvis,lymphaticvesselsandnerves.腎蒂的結(jié)構(gòu)順序

A－P:V.A.P.S－I:A.V.P.

5腎竇(Renalsinus)

－whichistherenalhilumleadsintoaspacewithinthekidney.

－isoccupiedbytherenalvesselsandbranches、minorrenalcalices、majorrenalcalices、renalpelvisandsomeadiposetissue.

62.腎的構(gòu)造腎皮質(zhì)(Renalcortex)紅褐色、富含血管、細(xì)小顆粒（腎小體）腎柱(renalcolumns)腎髓質(zhì)(Renalmedulla)色淡、小的管道腎錐體(Renalpyramids):15-20腎乳頭(Renalpapilla)乳頭孔腎小盞(Minorrenalcalices):7-8腎大盞(Majorrealcalices):2-3腎盂(Renalpelvis)前后扁平、漏斗狀

73.腎的位置腹腔后上部，脊柱兩旁，是腹膜外位器官；左高右低,八字形左腎：T12~L3椎體上緣右腎：T12~L3椎體下緣第十二肋斜過(guò)左腎后面中部、右腎后面上部

腎門：平對(duì)L1椎體，距正中線約5cm

腎區(qū)：豎脊肌外側(cè)緣與第12

肋的夾角部位

8LeftkidneyliesatthelevelfromthelowerborderofT11toL2;the12thribisbehinditsmiddlepartofthepostsurface.Rightkidneyliesslightlylowerthantheleftkidney,atthelevelfromthelowerborderofT12toL3;the12thribisbehinditsupperpartofthepostsurface.RenalhilumatthelevelofL1,isabout5cmfromtheposteriormedianline.Renalregion－theareabetween12thribandthelateralmarginoferectorspinae.

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104.腎的被膜纖維囊(Fibrouscapsule)

－astrongfibrouscapsulewhichstripseasilyfromanormalkidneysurfacebutadheresfirmlytoanorganthathasbeeninflamed.脂肪囊(Adiposecapsule)

－athickadiposeconnectivetissuecapsule,surroundsthefibrouscapsule.Itactsasashockabsorbertoprotectthekidneyfromjoltingandjarring.腎筋膜(Renalfascia)

－onoutside,surroundsboththekidneyandsuprarenalgland,holdingtheseorgansinplace.

115.腎的毗鄰關(guān)系上面－superarenalgland后面Threemuscles膈

(pleuralcavity)腰大肌腰方肌Threenerves肋下神經(jīng)髂腹下神經(jīng)髂腹股溝神經(jīng)內(nèi)面Leftkidney－腹主動(dòng)脈Rightkidney－下腔靜脈

12前面LeftkidneyStomach(superior)Pancreas(middle)Jejunumandleftcolicflexure(inferiorly)RightkidneyRightlobeofliver(superior)Rightcolicflexure(inferior)Descendingpartofduodenum(medially)

13輸尿管Ureters1.一般形態(tài)Musculartube,about25cmlong三部腹部－descendonthepsoasmajorbehindtheperitoneum.盆部－infemales,passes2cmlateraltotheneckofuterusandliesbelowtheuterineartery.壁內(nèi)部－passesobliquelythroughthebladderwallfor2cmlong.

14三個(gè)狹窄腎盂與輸尿管移行處越過(guò)骨盆上口處輸尿管壁內(nèi)部臨床意義結(jié)石滯留的好發(fā)部位

15膀胱Bladder1.一般形態(tài)Pyramidalinshapewhenempty四部

膀胱尖膀胱體膀胱底膀胱頸

162.位置盆腔前部，恥骨聯(lián)合后方；為腹膜間位器官隨著尿液充盈而變化對(duì)穿刺的意義3.內(nèi)面結(jié)構(gòu)膀胱三角Trigoneofbladder三點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)臨床意義

輸尿管間襞Inte