Unit+1+Reading+and+Thinking+語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)+

Unit1PeopleofachievementReading語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)講解TUYOUYOUAWARDEDNOBELPRIZE6October2015Para.1Thisyear’sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner)whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflivesandhasledtoimprovedhealthformillionsofpeople.Over200millionpeoplearoundtheworldgetmalariaeachyear,andabout600,000diefromit.Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalariaandisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.今年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，她的研究促使了青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)。這是一種至關(guān)重要的治療瘧疾的新療法。青蒿素挽救了數(shù)十萬(wàn)人的生命，并改善了數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的健康狀況。全世界每年有超過(guò)2億人罹患瘧疾，約60萬(wàn)人死于瘧疾。青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分，據(jù)認(rèn)為僅在非洲一年就能挽救10萬(wàn)人的生命。crucial

adj.

至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的

crucially

adv.同：vital,significant,important

短語(yǔ)：becrucialto/for對(duì)...是至關(guān)重要的

playacrucialrole/partin...在...起至關(guān)重要的作用

Itiscrucialthat...(should)do...是至關(guān)重要的①I(mǎi)tiscrucialthattheproblem_______________________immediately.

關(guān)鍵是要馬上處理這一問(wèn)題。②Thesupportofourfans_________________ourwinningtheSuperCup.

球迷的支持對(duì)我們贏得超級(jí)杯非常關(guān)鍵。翻譯：樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度在我們的日常生活中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。Anoptimisticattitudeplaysacrucialrole/partinourdailylife.

(should)besolvediscrucialto/for2.vital

adj.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿(mǎn)生機(jī)的

vitally

adv.極其;緊要地;生死攸關(guān)地短語(yǔ)：bevitalto/for對(duì)……是至關(guān)重要的

Itisvitaltodosth.做某事是很重要的Itisvitalthat…(should)do………是十分重要的。

(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,should可以省略)①Perseverance_________success.毅力對(duì)于成功是至關(guān)重要的.②Itisvital____________

trafficrules.遵守交通很重要。翻譯：面對(duì)失敗，我們要有良好的心態(tài)，這很重要。Itisvitalthatwe(should)be

inagoodstateofmindinthefaceoffailure.

isvitaltotoobeyPara.2TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.Aftershegraduated,sheworkedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.Inthebeginning,TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.屠呦呦是一位堅(jiān)定而耐心的科學(xué)家，1930年12月30日出生于中國(guó)寧波，1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。畢業(yè)后，她在北京的中國(guó)中醫(yī)研究院工作。1967年，中國(guó)政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊(duì)伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。在開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，屠呦呦去了海南研究瘧疾患者，在那里瘧疾較為普遍。In1969,shebecametheheadoftheprojectinBeijing,anddecidedtoreviewancientChinesemedicaltextstofindtraditionalbotanicaltreatmentsforthedisease.Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.1969年，她成為北京項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人，并決定復(fù)閱中國(guó)古代醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn)，尋找這種疾病的傳統(tǒng)植物療法。她的團(tuán)隊(duì)查閱了2000多本古老的醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn)，并對(duì)280000種植物的藥用價(jià)值進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。在他們的研究中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)并測(cè)試了380種不同的中國(guó)古代療法，這些方法為抗擊瘧疾帶來(lái)了希望。救10萬(wàn)人的生命。3.commit

vt.承諾;保證vi.忠于;全心全意投入

committedadj.盡心盡力的;堅(jiān)定的;堅(jiān)信的commitment

n.承諾,保證；（對(duì)工作或某活動(dòng)）獻(xiàn)身；奉獻(xiàn)

短語(yǔ)：commitamistake/crime犯錯(cuò)/犯罪commitoneselfto(doing/do)sth致力于(做)某事/承諾(做)某事becommittedto(doing)sth.致力于(做)某事makeacommitmentto(doing)sth.承諾(做)某事

Bothsidescommitted___________(they)tosolvingtheproblempeacefully.Helovedplayingtheinstrument,andwascommittedto___________(practice)it.翻譯：我強(qiáng)烈建議你每天保證一個(gè)小時(shí)讀英語(yǔ)，這將逐漸提高你的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。Istronglysuggestthat_______________________________________________________________,whichwillgraduallyimproveyourspokenEnglish.themselvespracticingyoushouldcommityourselftoreadingEnglishforonehoureveryday4.objective

n．目的;目標(biāo)（aim/purpose/goal）

adj.客觀的

object

v.&n．反對(duì)，不贊成；目標(biāo)；物體；目的

objection

n.不贊成，反對(duì)，異議

objecttosb./sth.反對(duì)某人（事）

objectto(sb.'s)doingsth.反對(duì)(某人)做某事

make/raiseanobjectionto(doing)sth.對(duì)(做)某事表示反對(duì)

withtheobjectiveofdoingsth

做某事的目的是……單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)tisreportedthatagreatmanypeopleobjectto__________(retire)toolate.②Heresistedthatnewrulewhilehiswifemadeno__________(object)toit.③It'shardtogivean__________(object)opinionaboutyourownchildren.④Sometimes,somestudentsobject__________theideathatEnglishclassesaretaughtinEnglish.翻譯：學(xué)校成立各種各樣的俱樂(lè)部目的是豐富學(xué)生們的校園生活。Theschoolformedvariousclubswiththeobjectiveofenrichingstudents’campuslife.retiringobjectionobjectiveto5.evaluate

vt.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估

evaluationn.評(píng)估；估算

短語(yǔ):makeanevaluationof對(duì)...進(jìn)行評(píng)估①Theschoolhasonlybeenopenforsixmonths,soit’shardto__________________.這所學(xué)校才開(kāi)了六個(gè)月，所以很難評(píng)價(jià)它的成功。②Afterwards,they_____________________thehealthcaresystem.后來(lái)，他們對(duì)醫(yī)療保健制度進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。evaluateitssuccessmadeanevaluationof6.distinct

adj.清晰的;清楚的;有區(qū)別的

distinction

n.區(qū)別,差別;特性;短語(yǔ)：bedistinct/differentfrom...與...不同make/drawadistinctionbetweenAandB把A和B區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)

①Thelearningneedsofthetwogroups_______________eachother.這兩個(gè)組的學(xué)習(xí)需求是有區(qū)別的。②Philosophersdidnotuseto_______________betweenartsandscience.哲學(xué)家過(guò)去習(xí)慣不把人文科學(xué)與自然科學(xué)區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。aredistinctfrommakeadistinctionPara.3Onemedicaltextfromthefourthcenturysuggestedusingtheextractfromsweetwormwoodtotreatafever.Tu’steamtestedacollectionofdriedwormwoodleavesbutfoundnoeffect.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.Theirprojectgotstuck.However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.Sheanalysedthemedicaltextsagain,andbychance,shefoundonesentencesuggestingadifferentwaytotreatthewormwood.一本四世紀(jì)的醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn)推薦使用青蒿提取物來(lái)治療發(fā)燒。屠呦呦的團(tuán)隊(duì)測(cè)試了一批干青蒿，但沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)效果。然后，他們?cè)囍研迈r的青蒿煮沸，并用從中提取的液體來(lái)治療瘧疾，但這也不起作用。他們的項(xiàng)目陷入了困境。然而，屠呦呦并不承認(rèn)失敗。她再次分析了一遍醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn)，偶然間，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一句話，建議用另一種方法來(lái)處理青蒿。Para.3Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.Afterfailingmorethan190times,theteamfinallysucceededin1971.TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.Thismedicine，whichwascalledartemisinin,soonbecameastandardtreatmentformalaria.她得出結(jié)論，煮青蒿顯然破壞了它的藥用價(jià)值。她用較低的溫度提取提取物，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種有效的物質(zhì)。在失敗了190多次之后，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)終于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員甚至堅(jiān)持在自己身上測(cè)試藥物，以確保它是安全的。后來(lái)，這種藥物在瘧疾患者身上進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，大部分受試患者都康復(fù)了。這種被稱(chēng)為青蒿素的藥物很快成為治療瘧疾的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥物。7.defeat

n.失?。淮鞌t.擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝短語(yǔ)：suffer(a)defeat遭受失敗

accept/acknowledgedefeat接受/承認(rèn)失敗①I(mǎi)’vetriedtosolvetheproblem,but______________.我已經(jīng)嘗試去解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題了，但它還是打敗了我。②Nomatterwhathappened,theyrefusedto___________________.無(wú)論發(fā)生什么，他們拒絕承認(rèn)失敗。翻譯：遭受失敗是我們?nèi)松猛局泻艹Ｒ?jiàn)的事。Suffering(a)defeatiscommoninourlifejourney.itdefeatdmeacknowledgedefeat8.

acknowledge

vt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等);(公開(kāi))感謝

acknowledgement

n.承認(rèn);感謝短語(yǔ):

acknowledge(doing)sth.承認(rèn)(做了)某事

acknowledgethat…

承認(rèn)……

acknowledgesth./sb.tobe/as…認(rèn)為某事/某人是……

Itisuniversally/generallyacknowledgedthat…

大家公認(rèn)/普遍認(rèn)為……①Herefusedto_____________________,whichmademomveryannoyed.

他不承認(rèn)他的錯(cuò)誤，這使得他媽媽很生氣。②He__________________________thebestpianistintheworld.

他被認(rèn)為是世界上最好的鋼琴家acknowledgehismistakeisacknowledgedas翻譯：大家公認(rèn)這個(gè)活動(dòng)是增強(qiáng)我們意志的機(jī)會(huì)。Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattheactivityisanopportunitytostrengthenourwill.①Shewasstubbornandinsistedthatthework__________________aheadofschedule.她很固執(zhí)，堅(jiān)持要求工作要提前完成。

②Mysisterinsistedthat________________.我妹妹堅(jiān)持說(shuō)她是正確的。

翻譯：如果我們堅(jiān)持經(jīng)常鍛煉身體，我們就能保持身心健康。9.insist

vi.&vt.堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決要求

短語(yǔ):insiston/upondoingsth.堅(jiān)決要求做某事

insist(that)+sb.(should)do…堅(jiān)決要求;堅(jiān)決主張(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

insist(that)…

堅(jiān)持說(shuō);堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為(從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣)(should)befinishedshewasrightIfweinsistonworkingoutregularly,we

cankeepphysicallyandmentallyhealthy.Para.4AccordingtoTuYouyou,thediscoveryofartemisininwasateameffort.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine.Thereisateambehindme,andallthepeopleofmycountry.Th