2024年江蘇中考英語語法專題清單十動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)詳解真題訓(xùn)練（練習(xí)版）

備戰(zhàn)2024年中考語法專題清單十、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)詳解+習(xí)題解析清單導(dǎo)圖概述：動(dòng)詞主要表示動(dòng)作，其次表示狀態(tài)。動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的發(fā)生有一定的時(shí)間和表現(xiàn)方式，這就是英語中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。英語中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)主要由動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表示。英語中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有十六種，初中階段要求掌握的有六種，要求了解的有兩種。時(shí)段一般式進(jìn)行式完成式過去時(shí)名稱一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)S+VedS+was/were+VedS+was/were+VingS+was/were+being+donehad+donehad+been+done現(xiàn)在時(shí)名稱一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)S+V原/三單S+be+V過分S+be+doingS+be+being+donehave/has+donehave/has+been+done將來時(shí)名稱will+V原一般將來時(shí)will+V原將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成結(jié)構(gòu)begoingto+V原S+begoingto+V原will+be+Vwill+be+VS+will+be+doingwill+be+being+donewould+have+donewould+have+been+done一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用來表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。它的主要構(gòu)成形式是：主語+動(dòng)詞原形/三單形式。1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成（1）動(dòng)詞be肯定式

I

am...

He/She/It

is...We/You/They

are...

疑問式

Am

I...?Is

he/she/it...?Are

we/you/they...?

否定式

I

am

not.../I'm

not...

He/She/It

isnot/isn't...We/You/They

arenot/aren't...

否定疑

問式Am

Inot...?Is

he/she/it

not...?或Isn't

he/she/it...?

Are

we/you/theynot...?或Aren'twe/you/they...?

（2）其他實(shí)意動(dòng)詞（work）肯定式I

work.

He/She/It

works.We/You/They

work.

疑問式Do

I

work?Does

he/she/it

work?Do

we/you/theywork?

否定式I

do

not/don't

work.

He/She/It

does

not/doesn't

work.

We/You/Theydonot/don't

work.

否定疑問式

Do

I

notwork?或Don'tI

work?

Does

he/she/it

not

work?或Doesn't

he/she/it

work?

Do

we/you/they

notwork?或Don't

we/you/they

work?

表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作經(jīng)常與often,usually,always,sometimes,every

day等時(shí)間狀語連用。

She

usually

gets

up

at

6:30.她通常六點(diǎn)半起床。I

play

football

after

school

every

afternoon.我每天下午放學(xué)后踢足球。（2）表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)I

enjoy

playing

puter

games.

我喜歡玩電腦游戲。She

speaks

Spanish.

她說西班牙語。（3）表示客觀真理The

sun

rises

in

the

east

and

sets

in

the

west.太陽東升西落。The

earth

travels

around

the

sun.

地球繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)。（4）表示將來①表示按時(shí)刻表或安排到時(shí)間就會(huì)發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作The

train

arrives

at

10:

30.

There's

plenty

of

time.火車十點(diǎn)半到達(dá)。還有很多時(shí)間。②在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中If

you

arrive,please

give

me

a

phone

call.如果你到了，請(qǐng)給我打個(gè)。As

long

as

it

doesn't

rain

tomorrow,

we'll

have

a

trip.只要明天不下雨，我們就去旅行。I

will

discuss

this

matter

with

you

when

we

meet

nexttime.

下次見面時(shí)我會(huì)和你討論這件事。We

won't

leave

until

you

e.

你來了我們?cè)僮摺＠鼼racethis

game

every

time

we

play.wins

win

won解析句意：每次我們玩這個(gè)游戲Grace都贏。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)題干中的every

time

we

play

可知此空用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故答案為A項(xiàng)。一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成形式為“主語＋動(dòng)詞過去式”。

一般過去時(shí)中，謂語動(dòng)詞用其過去式表示，即“主語＋動(dòng)詞的過去式＋其他”。

（1)肯定句①主語＋be(was/were)+其他She

was

born

on

a

cold

morning.她出生在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨。②主語＋動(dòng)詞的過去式＋其他Bob

wanted

to

go

to

Shanghai

last

year.去年鮑勃想去上海。(2)否定句①主語＋be(was/were)+not+其他Her

younger

sister

wasn't

in

yesterday.

她妹妹昨天不在家。②主語＋did

not+動(dòng)詞原形＋其他We

didn't

agree

with

you.我們不同意你的觀點(diǎn)。(3)疑問句①Be(Was/Were)+主語＋其他Were

you

ver

tired

last

night?你昨晚很累嗎？②Did+主語＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他Did

he

invite

you

to

his

party?他邀請(qǐng)你參加聚會(huì)了嗎？表示過去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)這種情況常與表示過去時(shí)間的狀語連用，如：a

momentago,yesterday,just

now,during

the

night,in

2015,last

year,inthe

Tang

dynasty等。I

met

Julia

last

year.我去年遇見了朱莉婭。Mr.

Smith

came

to

see

you

just

now.史密斯先生剛才來看過你。敘述沒有具體過去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)這種用法中常不帶具體表過去的時(shí)間狀語，只通過動(dòng)詞的過去式來表達(dá)。I

was

born

in

Beijing

and

went

to

college

in

Shanghai.我出生在北京，在上海上的大學(xué)。I

lost

all

my

money

on

the

way

back

home.在回家的路上我把所有的錢都丟了。表示過去將來的動(dòng)作在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來的動(dòng)作。

Alina

said

she

would

e

if

I

waited

for

her.艾琳娜說如果我等她，她會(huì)來的。Melissa

told

me

that

as

soon

as

she

arrived,she

would

ringme

up.

梅利莎告訴我她一到就給我打。－Have

you

known

Dr.

Jackson

for

a

long

time?－Yes,since

hethe

Chinese

Society.

joined

joined解析

句意：－你認(rèn)識(shí)杰克遜博士很長時(shí)間了嗎？－是的，自從他加入漢語協(xié)會(huì)（我們就認(rèn)識(shí)了）。since

在此處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)，故答案為D.一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)主要表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

一般將來時(shí)通常用“主語＋shall/will/be

going

to+動(dòng)詞原

形”來表示，有些動(dòng)詞可以用“主語＋be

doing”形式來表示。shall主要與第一人稱連用。

一般將來時(shí)的基本用法一般將來時(shí)用來表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與一般將來

時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：in

two

days,some

day,in

2021,tomorrow,before

long,in

the

future,

later

(on)

,

this

afternoonnext

year等。We

will

know

the

result

in

two

days.兩天后我們就會(huì)知道結(jié)果。Will

you

be

free

this

evening?今晚你有空嗎？I

shall

leave

for

Canada

next

Friday.我下周五將去加拿大。例Stop

smoking,

Joe!

Youyourself

if

you

keepon

doing

it

like

that!will

kill

killed解近

句意：Joe,停止抽煙吧！如果你繼續(xù)像那樣抽煙的話，你將會(huì)丟掉性命的！考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。本題中if引導(dǎo)時(shí)，故選A.

（2)一般將來時(shí)的其他表達(dá)法除了will/shall可以表示將來之外，以下幾種形式也常用來表示將來。①be

going

to結(jié)構(gòu)表將來be

going

to

do

sth.

可以表示主觀打算做某事，也可表示客觀上即將發(fā)生某事。

I.

表示說話者主觀打算要做某事。I'm

going

to

sell

my

old

house.我打算賣掉我的舊房子。II.

表示說話者根據(jù)某種跡象推斷某事將要發(fā)生。It's

going

to

rain

soon.

很快就會(huì)下雨。The

boy

is

going

to

fall

off

the

parallel

bars.這個(gè)男孩要從雙杠上掉下來了。例題－Do

you

have

any

plans

for

tonight?－Yes,

Iat

the

new

Italian

restaurant

in

town.

eaten

going

to

eat解析句意：－你今晚有什么計(jì)劃嗎？－有，我打算去鎮(zhèn)上那家新開的意大利飯店吃飯。本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意和關(guān)鍵詞plans

for

tonight

可知應(yīng)該使用一般將來時(shí)，故選D項(xiàng)。②現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來當(dāng)表示計(jì)劃好或準(zhǔn)備要做某事時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。如果動(dòng)詞是一些表示動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)換的終止性動(dòng)詞，如go,e,leave,start,begin等，則表示馬上要做某事。I'm

taking

the

kids

to

the

zoo

this

Sunday.這周日我將帶著孩子們?nèi)?dòng)物園。He

is

leaving

school

in

one

year's

time.他一年后就要畢業(yè)了。③一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來

表示按照時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的事情。這種用法主要指嚴(yán)格按照原定計(jì)劃、時(shí)刻表將要發(fā)生的事情。The

new

library

opens

next

month.新圖書館下個(gè)月將會(huì)開放。The

sports

meeting

takes

place

next

week.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將于下周舉行。

在條件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。When

she

es,

I'll

tell

her

about

it.她來后我將把這件事告訴她。If

you

leave

tomorrow,

I'll

see

you

off

at

the

airport.如果你明天走，我將到機(jī)場(chǎng)送你。④be

to

do

表將來這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示計(jì)劃中約定的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)和要求必須去做的事或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

The

Prime

Minister

is

to

visit

Hungary

in

May.首相將于五月訪問匈牙利。I'm

to

get

married

next

year.

我將于明年結(jié)婚。⑤be

about

to

do

表將來這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示馬上就要發(fā)生，不強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀。一般不能與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。

We're

about

to

start

off.

我們馬上出發(fā)。Be

quiet!

The

film

is

about

to

start.安靜！電影馬上開始。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用來表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為:主語+be(am/is/are)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。以動(dòng)詞

work為例肯定式Iamworking.He/She/Itis

working.We/You/They

are

working.

疑問式AmIworking?Is

he/she/itworking?Are

we/you/they

working?

否定式Iamnotworking.

He/She/It

is

not

He/

She/It

isn'tworking.

We/You/They

are

not

working.

或We/

You/They

aren't

working.

否定疑問式AmInotworking?Is

he/she/it

notworking?或Isn't

he/she/itworking?

Are

we/you/they

not

working?

或

Aren't

we/you/they

working?

(1)表示說話人說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作這種用法往往表示開始于過去,說話時(shí)沒完成,仍在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這種情況下常與now,right

now,at

this

moment,at

present

等時(shí)間狀語連用。I'm

reading

a

work

by

Bernard

Shaw.

我正在讀蕭伯納的一部作品。It's

snowing

heavily

outside.

外面正下著大雪。

（2)表示在當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)做的事這種用法表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)在做某一件事，但說話時(shí)未必在做。I'm

teaching

parttime

in

a

middle

school.我在一所中學(xué)兼職教書。Alisa

is

writing

a

book

about

herself.艾麗莎在寫一本關(guān)于她自己的書。(3)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作①表示計(jì)劃或安排好的將來要做的事情在口語中現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來表示將來的動(dòng)作，此時(shí)常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，多指計(jì)劃或安排好的事情，此時(shí)主語往往是人。I'm

meeting

Peter

at

the

airport

this

afternoon.今天下午我將去機(jī)場(chǎng)接彼得。Laura

is

flying

to

Hong

Kong

tomorrow.勞拉明天將坐飛機(jī)去香港。②表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)用于終止性動(dòng)詞，往往表示“馬上就”，這類動(dòng)詞主要為e,go,leave,start,begin,stop,arrive,return等。We

are

leaving

early

tomorrow

morning.我們明天一大早就離開。Let's

hurry

up.

It

is

beginning

to

rain.咱們快點(diǎn)，馬上要開始下雨了。表示特定的情感現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always連用時(shí)往往表達(dá)說話者生氣、贊揚(yáng)、同情、不滿、好奇等感情，或?qū)δ骋恍睦淼纳鷦?dòng)描述。

I'm

always

losing

keys.

我總是丟鑰匙。（生氣）She

is

always

disturbing

me.

她老是打擾我。（厭煩）終止性動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)終止性動(dòng)詞指瞬間就能完成的行為動(dòng)詞，不能持續(xù)。用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，主要表示“漸漸地”、“動(dòng)作反復(fù)”、“馬上就要發(fā)生”等意思。

For

lack

of

practice,

I

am

forgetting

my

piano.由于缺乏練習(xí)，我都快忘了如何彈鋼琴了。

例題：Everyone

wants

to

reach

the

top

of

the

mountain,but

all

the

happiness

happens

while

You

it.

climbing

climbed解析

句意：每個(gè)人都希望到達(dá)山頂，但是所有的快樂都出現(xiàn)在登山的過程中。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處表示“在你登山的過程中”，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)。答案CNow

Jerrythe

exchange

programme

with

hisclassmates

in

the

meeting

room.

discussing

discussing

discussed解析

句意：現(xiàn)在Jerry正在會(huì)議室和他的同班同學(xué)討論交流計(jì)劃。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞Now可知答案為B項(xiàng)。

知識(shí)拓展①表示心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ove,hate,know,understand,realize,remember,believe,want,wish,agree等。She

understands

you

better

now.她現(xiàn)在更理解你了。②表示事物本身屬性的動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有have(表示“有”），own,possess,belong

to,consist

of

等。

This

dictionary

belongs

to

Peter.

這本詞典是彼得的。③表示感官的連系動(dòng)詞一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ook,sound,taste,feel,smell等。feel用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示一時(shí)的感覺。

I'm

not

feeling

well

today.

我今天感覺不適。④表示行為結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有accept,admit,allow,decide,promise等。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用來表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為：主語＋be(was/were)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。以動(dòng)詞work為例：肯定式I/He/She/It

was

workingWe/You/They

were

working.疑問式Was

I/he/she/it

working?Were

we/you/they

working?否定式I/He/She/It

was

not

working.I/He/She/It

wasn't

working.We/You/They

were

not

working.We/You/They

weren't

working否定疑問式Was

I/he/she/it

not

working?Wasn't

I/he/she/it

working?Were

we/you/they

not

working?或

Weren't

we/you/they

working?過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作此時(shí)句中往往有表示過去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語

at

thatmoment,at

that

time,this

time

yesterday,at

nine

o'clock

lastnight等，或者與when,while,as引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語，需要根據(jù)語境體會(huì)。

I

was

writing

a

letter

when

you

phoned.你打來時(shí)我正在寫信。What

were

you

doing

this

time

last

night?昨天晚上這個(gè)時(shí)候你在做什么？(2)表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用來表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I

was

watering

the

flowers

when

suddenly

it

began

to

rain.我正在給花澆水，突然開始下雨了。We

were

expecting

you

yesterday.我們昨天一直在等你。表示兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，這時(shí)可用while連接。I

was

doing

my

homework

while

my

mother

was

cooking我在寫作業(yè)，我媽媽在煮飯。George

was

reading

while

his

wife

was

listening

to

theradio.

喬治在看書，而他妻子在聽收音機(jī)。例I

saw

Sam

and

David

in

the

playground

yesterdaygames

with

their

classmates

then.

play

playing

playing解析

句意：昨天下午我在操場(chǎng)上看見Sam和David了。那時(shí)他們正在和他們的同學(xué)做游戲。本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由句意可知是過去某一段時(shí)間正在做某事，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故答案為D項(xiàng)。

溫馨提示在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中，He/She/It

was.

.

.

不可縮略為He's/She's/It's.

.

.

.He's是He

is或He

has的縮略形式，She's是She

is或She

has的縮略形式，It's是It

is或It

has的縮略形式。過去將來時(shí)主要表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用在間接引語或者賓語從句中，表示從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后。過去將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成（1）would/should+動(dòng)詞原形。I

should/would

e.

我將會(huì)過來。He

asked

me

when

he

would

see

me

again.他問我他什么時(shí)候才能再見到我。

溫馨提示should只用于第一人稱。I

told

them

that

I

should

learn

English

well.我告訴他們我將好好學(xué)英語。

（2)was/were

going

to+動(dòng)詞原形。She

said

she

was

going

to

see

me

the

next

day.她說她第二天將會(huì)來看我。過去將來時(shí)的用法表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于主句為一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中。

He

said

he

would

be

here

at

eight

o'clock.他說他會(huì)在八點(diǎn)鐘到這兒。（2)表示曾經(jīng)打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的或根據(jù)客觀跡象推斷將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用“was/were+going

to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示。I

thought

it

was

going

to

rain

soon.我想馬上就要下雨了。They

were

going

to

start

a

new

job

when

I

saw

them.（3）go,e,leave,arrive,start等動(dòng)詞，其過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He

said

he

was

ing

this

evening.他說他今天晚上來。例The

official

said

theya

new

law

to

protect

thetourists

the

next

year.

make

made解析句意：那名官員說明年他們將制定一項(xiàng)新法律來保護(hù)游客。根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)和從句中的時(shí)間狀語

the

nextyear可知，從句用過去將來時(shí)。答案

B

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。包含“已完成”與“未完成”兩種意義。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“主語＋have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成。以work為例：肯定式He/She/It

has

worked.I/We/You/They

have

worked.

疑問式

Has

he/she/it

worked?

Have

I/we/you/they

worked?

否定式

He/She/It

has

not

hasn't

He's/She's/It's

notworked.

I/We/You/They

have

not

haven't

worked.或I've/We've/You've/They've

notworked.

否定疑問式

Has

he/she/it

notworked?或Hasn'the/she/it

worked?Have

I/we/you/they

notworked?或Haven't

I/we/you/they

worked?

(1)表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生或現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。

Have

you

had

your

lunch

yet?

你吃過午飯了嗎?

Yes,I

have.I've

just

had

it.

是的,我剛吃過。(說明現(xiàn)在不餓了)

I

have

already

watched

the

film.

我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。

already,yet常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,already用于肯定句,可放在助動(dòng)詞之后、過去分詞之前,也可放在句末;yet用在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”;用在否定句中表示“還”,常放在句末。（2)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還要持續(xù)下去，常和for,since連用，其肯定句的動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。We

have

lived

here

since

2000.自從2000年以來我們一直住在這里。（說明一直住在這里，也許還會(huì)住下去）幾個(gè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中常用詞的用法just意為“剛剛”，表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，常放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。He

has

just

e

back

from

Beijing.他剛從北京回來。ever意為“曾經(jīng)，在任何時(shí)候”，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。Have

you

ever

been

to

Shanghai?你曾經(jīng)去過上海嗎？never意為“從來沒有”，常與before連用，多放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。I

have

never

traveled

by

plane

before.我以前從來沒有乘飛機(jī)旅行過。before意為“以前”，指過去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。I

haven't

heard

of

it

before.

我以前沒有聽說過這件事。since+過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或引導(dǎo)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的從句，for+時(shí)間段。I

have

been

here

since

1990.從1990年起，我就一直在這兒。Great

changes

have

taken

place

since

you

left.自從你走后，已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。I

have

been

in

Beijing

for

two

years.我來北京有兩年了。（6)“have/has

been

to+地點(diǎn)”表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，“have/has

gone

to+地點(diǎn)”表示“已經(jīng)去了某地”。I

have

been

to

Beijing.我去過北京。（現(xiàn)在不在北京）He

has

gone

to

Beijing.他到北京去了。（在路上或者在北京）（1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去某個(gè)時(shí)候開始一直續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)應(yīng)注意句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中不可和一段時(shí)連用。

我離開這所學(xué)校已經(jīng)八年了。誤：I've

left

this

school

for

eight

years.正：I've

been

away

from

this

school

for

eight

years.他借用我的詞典已兩天了。誤：He

has

borrowed

my

dictionary

for

two

days.正：He

has

kept

my

dictionary

for

two

days.不過，在否定句中非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可與一段時(shí)間連用。I

haven't

gone

to

see

him

for

several

months.我已經(jīng)好幾個(gè)月沒去看他了。（2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)可采用下列兩方法：①將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性延續(xù)性非延續(xù)性延續(xù)性buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenfinishbeoverclosebecloseddiebedeadbegin\startbeoncatchacoldhaveacoldebehereputonweargobetheregetupbeup②用句型“It

is+一段時(shí)間+since從句(從句中的謂語動(dòng)

詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過去式)”表示。

It

is

two

years

since

the

old

man

died.這個(gè)老人去世兩年了。

It's

nice

to

see

you

again.

Weeach

othersince

2014.

A.won't

seeB.don't

seeC.haven't

seenD.didn't

see解析

句意：再次見到你很高興。自從2014年我們就沒見過面。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。通過時(shí)間狀語since

2014可知，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選C.

答案

C2、The

couple

next

doorsince

last

year.

been

married

got

married

married解析

句意：隔壁的夫婦去年就已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了。由sincelast

year

可知要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，get

married是短暫性動(dòng)作，故要用be

married,由此可知答案為A.過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)主要表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。常與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有when、before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句或by引出的表示時(shí)間的介詞短語。1、過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成過去完成時(shí)由“had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成?？隙ㄊ絀/We/You/They/He/She/It

had

worked.疑問式Had

1/we/you/they/he/she/it

worked?否定式I/We/You/They/He/She/It

had

not

worked./I/We/You/They/He/She/It

hadn't

I'd/

We'd

You'd/They'd/He'd/She'd/It'd

not

worked.否定疑問式I/we/you/they/he/she/it

not

worked?或Hadn't

I/we/you/they/he/she/it

worked?過去完成時(shí)的用法表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。這個(gè)過去的時(shí)間常用by,before等組成的介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示。By

the

end

of

last

week,

we

had

received

over

1,

000letters

from

all

over

the

world.到上周末為止，我們已經(jīng)收到了來自世界各地的一千多封信。表示“愿望、打算”的動(dòng)詞，如

want,hope,mean,think,expect,plan,intend等的過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。I

had

thought

I

would

go

for

a

swim.我原想去游泳的。溫馨提示常與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：by

the

end

of

last

week

到上周末為止by

that

time

到那時(shí)為止before

that

year

那年之前l(fā)ong

since很久以前就，早就before

I

arrived

在我到達(dá)之前

－We

all

went

to

the

cinema

except

you

last

nightWhy

didn't

you

e?

－Because

Ithat

movie

twice.

watched

watchingD、wouldwatch解析

句意：－除了你以外，我們昨天晚上都去看電影了。你為什么不來呢？－因?yàn)槲叶伎催^那部電影兩次了。由句意可知，此處敘述的是“過去的過去”發(fā)生的事情，故用過去完成時(shí)。答案為：B一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示目前經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，表示客觀事實(shí)，主語目前的特征、狀態(tài)和能力等?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示“存在狀況”時(shí)，常用來表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞有be,keep,remain,stay,exist等。而這些動(dòng)詞一般很少用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Thisruleaboutprimaryschoolstudentshavingeveningclasses

remains

to

be

furtherdiscussed.

關(guān)于小學(xué)生上晚自習(xí)的規(guī)定仍需要進(jìn)一步討論。以here,there開頭的句子不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Listen!

There

goes

the

bell.

聽！鈴響了。

(3)必須是習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或是一般性的行為才使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。而這種表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示現(xiàn)在或目前一小段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

I

usually

work

until

dawn.

我通常工作到黎明。She

is

visiting

Canada.

她正在加拿大游覽。（4）有些動(dòng)詞，如taste,smell,sound,look等在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中是連系動(dòng)詞，而在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中則為行為動(dòng)詞。I'm

looking

at

the

picture

by

Picasso.

It

looks

really

nice.我正在看畢加索的畫，它看起來真是太美了。（1)一般過去時(shí)所表示的事情發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，是過去發(fā)生的事情在現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響，或一直持續(xù)著。Did

you

go

to

Canada

last

year?你去年去加拿大了嗎？（表示去年發(fā)生的事情）Have

you

been

to

Canada?你去過加拿大嗎？（表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的行為，但問的是現(xiàn)在的情況，即你現(xiàn)在對(duì)那里了解多少）

（2)表示確定的過去時(shí)間的狀語可與一般過去時(shí)連用，但不與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的是在一定意義上與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的時(shí)間狀語。

Pauline

went

to

Japan

last

week.保利娜上周去日本了。（3)像

fall,arrive,e,leave,start,buy,sell,hear,join等終止性動(dòng)詞，往往表示一瞬間就結(jié)束的動(dòng)作，若用于一般過去時(shí)自然毫無問題，但若用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。

How

long

have

you

bought

the

car?

(×)How

long

have

you

had

the

car?

(√)這輛車你買了多長時(shí)間了？He

has

fallen

ill

for

more

than

a

week.

(x)He

has

been

ill

for

more

than

a

week.

(√)他已病了一周多了。一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于說明發(fā)生某動(dòng)作的事實(shí)；過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)某動(dòng)作的持續(xù)過程或動(dòng)作持續(xù)的長度。It

rained

cats

and

dogs

last

night.昨晚雨下得真大。（強(qiáng)調(diào)下過雨，不強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)的時(shí)間）It

was

raining

cats

and

dogs

last

night.昨晚整整一夜都在下大雨。（強(qiáng)調(diào)沒停，一直持續(xù)）一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作未完成。Alice

read

a

story

last

night.

艾麗斯昨晚讀了一個(gè)故事。（很可能讀完了）

Alice

was

reading

a

story

last

night.昨晚艾麗斯在讀一個(gè)故事。（當(dāng)時(shí)動(dòng)作持續(xù)的情況）（3)一般過去時(shí)可表示時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的動(dòng)作，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)通常表示持續(xù)的不間斷的動(dòng)作。

I

sometimes

walked

to

the

office

to

avoid

the

heavy

traffic.

我過去有時(shí)走著去上班，以避開交通擁堵。

He

was

working

from

4

o'clock

until

10

o'clock.他從四點(diǎn)一直工作到十點(diǎn)。（4)在句中可同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，一般過去時(shí)表示短暫的重要?jiǎng)幼鳎^去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以提供背景，起鋪墊作用。

He

was

crossing

the

street

when

he

was

hit

by

a

bike.

他橫

穿馬路時(shí)被一輛自行車撞了。

（5)如果用時(shí)間狀語從句表示過去的特定時(shí)間，其中的謂語動(dòng)詞表示的時(shí)間是短暫的，可用一般過去時(shí)；如果動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)間較長，可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

What

were

you

doing

when

the

fire

burst

out

from

the

second

floor?二樓起火時(shí)你在干什么？

I

was

writing

while

she

was

reading.我寫字時(shí)她在讀書。一、時(shí)間狀語提示法一些特定的時(shí)間狀語往往標(biāo)志著一些特定的時(shí)態(tài)。如：now,at

present

標(biāo)志著一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；yesterday,last

week,a

few

years

ago標(biāo)志著一般過去時(shí)；at

that

time,atthe

time,this

time

yesterday標(biāo)志著過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；tomorrow,nextweek,in

an

hour

標(biāo)志著一般將來時(shí)；this

time

tomorrow,at

fiveo'clock

tomorrow

afternoon往往標(biāo)志著一般將來時(shí)或?qū)磉M(jìn)行時(shí)。除了上述提示時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語外，有些副詞也有這種作用，如：often,always,usually,never,seldom等表示頻度的副詞往往標(biāo)志著用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例題1、Some

exchange

studentswith

their

hostfamilies

this

time

yesterday.

chatting

chat

chatting

chatted解析

句意：一些交換生昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候正在和他們寄宿家庭的成員聊天。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語this

time

yesterday

可知應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故本題選擇C.

例題2

、My

motherdinner

when

I

got

homeyesterday.

cooked

cooking

cook

解析

句意：昨天我到家的時(shí)候，媽媽正在做晚飯。從句when

I

got

home

yesterday

為一般過去時(shí)，又根據(jù)句意可知主句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)。

二、語境推測(cè)法有的題中沒有明確的時(shí)間標(biāo)志，而是以特定的語言環(huán)境暗示出動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間背景。我們需要根據(jù)句子前后的意思推測(cè)和判斷出“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。一般說來，這些試題常以對(duì)話的形式出現(xiàn)，我們必須要在理解句子意思的基礎(chǔ)上去完成。還有一種試題，把幾種時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行考查，所以應(yīng)該靈活使用。例My

mothersome

washing

when

thetelephone

rang.does

doing

doing解析

句意：當(dāng)鈴聲響時(shí)，我媽媽正在洗衣服。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。從句“when

the

telephone

rang”是一般過去時(shí)，所以主句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選D.

例2

Louiseputer

games

when

her

brotherphoned

her.

playing

played

playing解析

句意：她哥哥給她打時(shí)，Louise

正在玩電腦游戲。本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)題干中的phoned可知說的是過去的事情，此處表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，故選D.

三、固定句型法在一些句型中，往往對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞使用何種時(shí)態(tài)有一個(gè)清楚依據(jù)。

例1Could

you

tell

me

when

Huanggang?－Sure.

When

heI'll

call

you.A、arrives;will

arrive

arrive;arrivesC.arrives;arrives

arrive;will

arrive解析

句意：－你能告訴我李先生什么時(shí)候到黃岡嗎？－當(dāng)然可以。他到了以后，我就給你打。由語境可知，李先生還沒到黃岡，所以第一個(gè)空所在的賓語從句應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)；第二個(gè)空所在句子是一個(gè)包含時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句，主句用了一般將來時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選B.

例2

Tom

will

call

me

as

soon

as

hehomegets

got

get解析

句意：一到家就會(huì)給我打。本題考查時(shí)間狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)。as

soon

as(一······就······)引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，主句為一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故答案為A.1．（2023·江蘇宿遷·校聯(lián)考一模）—Mum,whereisDad?—He________toChengduonbusinessandhe’llbebacknextweek.A．hasgone B．isgoing C．went D．goes2．（2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考二模）–UncleSamsaidhe____________mybirthdayparty,buthenevershowedup.That’sUncleSam.Heforgetseverything!A．willattend B．wouldattend C．hasattended D．hadattended3．（2022·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考一模）—Theyhadmemorizedmostofthenewwordsinthetextbook________oflastterm.—Youmean________ofthenewwords?A．a(chǎn)ttheend;onethird B．intheend;fourfifthsC．bytheend;threefourths D．bytheend;threequarter4．（2022·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考二模）—IthoughtJimlateagain,buthewasrightontime.That’squiteunusual.

—Well,thatisJim!Youneverknowwhathewilldo.A．a(chǎn)rrived B．a(chǎn)rrives C．wouldarrive D．havearrived5．（2022·江蘇無錫·九年級(jí)專題練習(xí)）FIFAofficiallyannouncedthe2022QatarWorldCup________onNovember21.A．willstart B．wouldstart C．started D．hasbeenstarted6．（2022·江蘇無錫·九年級(jí)專題練習(xí)）Petersaidthathisdaughter________fromuniversitythenextJune.A．hadgraduated B．graduated C．wouldgraduate D．willgraduate7．（2022·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thechiefengineerannouncedthatthey________aspacelabonthespacestationaroundtheendof2022.A．havebuilt B．hadbuilt C．willbuild D．wouldbuild8．（2022·江蘇無錫·江蘇省錫山高級(jí)中學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？既＃〢tfirst,peopledidn’tknowhowlongthelockdown________becausethepandemicbrokeoutsuddenly.A．lasted B．lasts C．haslasted D．wouldlast9．（2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考二模）Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe________officesoon.A．leaves B．wouldleave C．left D．hadleft10．（2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考二模）Petercalledtotellhismotherthathe________homebefore9p.m.,buthebrokehispromise.A．willreturn B．wouldreturn C．returned D．hadreturned11．（2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考一模）LuHong,whohasanintellectualdisability,saidhe________morejobstohelpdisabledpeopleinthefuture.A．willprovide B．hasprovided C．wouldprovide D．provided12．（2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考一模）—Dadpromisedthathe________ustowatchWanderingEarthIIthisevening.Butwhere’she?—Maybeheforgot.Let’saskhim.A．took B．willtake C．wouldtake D．hastaken13．（2022春·江蘇常州·九年級(jí)常州市第二十四中學(xué)校考期中）Whenshereturnedhomefromwork,shefoundtherubbishstilllyingwhereshehad________them.A．lay B．laid C．lain D．lying14．（2023·江蘇蘇州·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Tom’sfatherisreallybusyrecently.Heoftenworkslateatthehospitalbeforeinghome.—Yes.Bythetimehearrivedhomelastnight,Tom______asleep.A．hadfallen B．fell C．hasfallen D．falls15．（2023·江蘇南京·南師附中樹人學(xué)校?？既＃_______thegreatancientbooks________thewriters’experiencearesharedwiththeTVviewersonaneducationalTVshowChinaintheClassics.A．Neither;nor B．Either;or C．Both;and D．Notonly;butalso16．（2023·江蘇淮安·校聯(lián)考二模）—Didyouhaveagoodtimeatthepartylastnight?—Yes,butthenumberofthestudents________lessthan20