《暢學(xué)英語閱讀教程2》 課件 Unit 7 Pollution、Unit 8 Life and Success

PollutionUnit7ENJOYINGENGLISHREADINGBookOne2cussionUnit7Pollution1TextA

Warming-upNewWords2TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionWarming-upNewWordsWarming-upNewWordsGroupDiscussionQuotesReadingthroughWarmingupNewWordsTextA1.Whatiscalledpollution?Andhowmanyformsofpollutiondoyouknow?Withthedevelopmentofmodernagricultureandindustry,moreandmorewasteisproduced.Muchofthiswasteisharmful,anditmaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus.Thisiscalledpollution.Well,asIknow,therearemanydifferentformsofpollution,suchasairpollution,waterpollution,noisepollution,lightpollution,soilpollution,etc..TextAWarmingupNewWordsTextA2.Whatarethesourcesofpollution?Andwhateffectsdoespollutionhaveontheearth?Pollutioncanbearesultofnaturaldisasterssuchasearthquakesandforestfires,anditismostlycausedbyhumanactivity.Forinstance,airmainlycomesfromfactoriesandcars,andwaterpollutionismainlycausedbywaste.PollutionaffectstheEarth’sland,air,andwaterbyreleasingpollutantsintheair,water,andland.Thesepollutantsnotonlygiveoffbadsmells,produceacidrainandpollutesoilandgroundwaterandreducefarmingland,butalsocauseanimalstolosetheirhomes,killanimalsandplantsandevencausepeopletogetsickandsoon.TextANewWordsReadingthroughTextAinhabitedextinctmarineentanglecoraltoxictunarustybustcontaminatedallergicsustainablebrewerydisposable

TextANewWordsReadingthroughTextAmakeupdieoutinlargepartpickupturnsth.arounddoone’spartTextANewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA1.

inhabited[?n?h?b?t?d]

adj.（地方）有人居住的，有住戶的e.g.

Thebuildingisnowinhabitedbybirds.這所建筑物現(xiàn)在有鳥兒棲息。

2.extinct[?k?st??kt]adj.滅絕的

e.g.

HerbalismhadbecomeanallbutextinctskillintheWesternworld.草藥醫(yī)術(shù)在西方已經(jīng)成了一門幾乎絕跡的技藝。Itis250yearssincethewolfbecameextinctinBritain.狼在英國已經(jīng)滅絕250年了。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA3.marine[m??ri?n]adj.海洋的

e.g.Pollutioncanharmmarinelife.污染會危及海洋生物。4.entangle[?n?t??ɡl]vt.（用繩、網(wǎng)等）纏住

e.g.Thebirdhadbecomeentangledinthewirenetting.那只小鳥被鐵絲網(wǎng)纏住了。

5.coral[?k?r?l]n.珊瑚

e.g.Oilspillsarehavingadevastatingeffectoncoralreefsintheocean.海上溢油對海洋里的珊瑚礁有著毀滅性影響。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA6.toxic[?t?ks?k]adj.有毒的

e.g.

Theriverhasbeenpollutedwithtoxicwastefromlocalfactories.當(dāng)?shù)毓S排放的有毒廢棄物污染了這條河。

7.tuna[?tju?n?]n.金槍魚

e.g.Theycannotpoachtunafromourwaters.他們不可以在我們的海域捕撈金槍魚。

8.rusty[?r?sti]adj.生銹的

e.g.Wespentyearstravellingaroundinarustyoldvan.我們多年來都開著一輛生銹的舊貨車四處旅行。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA9.bust[b?st]vt.打爛；打碎

e.g.Theywillhavetobustthedoortogethimout.他們將不得不撞破門把他弄出來。10.contaminated[k?n?t?m?ne?t?d]adj.（水、食物等）被污染的

e.g.Fromhere,contaminatedairradiatesouttotheopencountryside.被污染的空氣從這里擴(kuò)散到開闊的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)。11.allergic[??l??d??k]adj.過敏的

e.g.Manypeopleareallergictoairbornepollutantssuchaspollen.許多人對空氣傳播的污染物過敏，比如花粉。12.sustainable[s??ste?n?bl]

adj.可持續(xù)的

e.g.TheprotectionoftheYellowRiveriscriticaltothegreatrejuvenationandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.保護(hù)黃河是事關(guān)中華民族偉大復(fù)興和永續(xù)發(fā)展的千秋大計，NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA13.brewery[?bru??ri]n.啤酒廠

e.g.Thebeerisbrewedinthetime-honouredwayatthebrewery.這家酒廠以傳統(tǒng)釀制方式釀造啤酒。14.disposable[d??sp??z?bl]adj.一次性的

e.g.Companiesproducethousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts.公司生產(chǎn)成千上萬種一次性產(chǎn)品。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA1.makeup組成；構(gòu)成e.g.NorthAfricansmakeupthelargestimmigrantgroupinthecountry.北非人構(gòu)成了該國最大的的移民群。2.dieout滅絕e.g.Asaresult,theseendangeredanimalsmayevendieout.結(jié)果，這些瀕臨危險的動物可能會滅絕。3.inlargepart在很大程度上e.g.Theirsuccessisdueinlargeparttotheirdetermination.他們的成功在很大程度上應(yīng)歸功于他們的決心。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA。4.pickup染上（疾?。?/p>

e.g.They’vepickedupareallynastyinfectionfromsomethingthey’veeaten.他們因吃錯東西而得了很嚴(yán)重的感染癥。5.turnsth.around使好轉(zhuǎn)；使扭轉(zhuǎn)e.g.Turningthecompanyaroundwon’tbeeasy.盤活那家公司絕非易事。6.doone’spart盡一份力量e.g.YoudoyourpartandIshalldotherest.你盡自己的職責(zé)，其他的我來做。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextAReadthetextquicklyandcompletethetask:analysethestructure.StructureMainidea:Theauthorelaboratesindetailwhythebenefitofreducingwasteisthatfewerspecieswouldbecomeextinctbecauseofmarinepollution.Mainidea:

Theauthorpointsoutthatthepresenttrendcanbeturnedaroundandcallsonpeopletodotheirpartstoprotectoceansfrombeingpolluted.Mainidea:Oceansarehomestocountlessspeciesandtheirhomeshavebeenaffectedbypollution.PartII:Para.3-9PartIII:Para.10-11PartI:Para.1-2TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextAOurOceansNeedYourHelp1Doyouknowthatoceanandseawatermakeupover97%ofallEarth’swater?It’strue.Twopercentisfoundinourfrozenicecaps,andtheotherlessthanonepercentismadeupofrainwater,lakes,ponds,andwaterintheatmosphere.Additionally,oceansrepresentalmost99%ofthelivable,inhabitedspaceontheEarthandarehometocountlessspecies,manyofwhichscientistshaveyettodiscover.

我們的海洋需要你的幫助

你知道嗎？海洋和海水幾乎占地球總水量的97%，這是真的。2%存在于冰凍的冰蓋中，另1%由雨水、湖泊、池塘和大氣中的水組成。此外，海洋幾乎占據(jù)了地球上99%的宜居、有人居住的空間，它是無數(shù)動植物物種的家園，其中的許多物種尚有待于科學(xué)家去發(fā)現(xiàn)。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA2However,thesespeciesarerapidlydyingout,dueinlargeparttotheextensivepollutionfillingtheocean’sdepths.OvertwothirdsofthenorthernsectionoftheGreatBarrierReefhasdiedinthelastdecade,andmanyofthespeciesthatmaketheirhomestherehavebeenaffected,aswell.

然而，這些物種正在迅速地滅絕，這在很大程度上是由于海洋深處充滿了大量的污染。在過去的十年里，大堡礁北部超過2/3的物種已經(jīng)死亡，許多在那里安家的物種也受到了影響。

TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA3Becausetheoceanishometosomanydifferentlivingcreatures,oneofthemostobviousbenefitsofreducingwasteisthatfewerspecieswouldbecomeextinctbecauseofthepollution.

由于海洋是眾多不同生物的家園，減少廢物的一個最明顯的好處就是因污染而滅絕的物種會變少。

TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA

根據(jù)聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署（UNEP）的數(shù)據(jù)，全世界至少有267種不同的海洋動物受到污染的影響。這可能意味著它們會被袋子、塑料可樂圈或其他垃圾纏住，或者因?yàn)槌粤撕Ｑ笾胁煌睦劳觥?AccordingtoUNEP,whichistheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme,differentspeciesofmarineanimalsallovertheworldareimpactedbypollution.Thismeansthattheybecomeentangledinbags,plasticCokerings,orothertrashorthattheydiefromeatingdifferenttrashintheocean.TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA5Animalsandcoralreefsarenottheonlythingsthatbenefitfromlesswasteintheoceans;thereareadvantagesforhumans,too.Scientistsareconcernedthattoxicwasteinoceanscanactuallycausecancerinhumans.Howdoesthiswork?Well,ithastodowithsomethingcalled“microplastics.”

動物和珊瑚礁并不是唯一受益于減少海洋廢物的東西；人類也從中受益?？茖W(xué)家們擔(dān)心海洋中的有毒廢物實(shí)際上會導(dǎo)致人類癌癥。這是怎么回事？這和一種叫做“微塑料”的東西有關(guān)。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA

微型塑料是長度小于5毫米的塑料薄片。微塑料對海洋生物危害極大。這些微塑料經(jīng)常被諸如金槍魚、鮭魚和其他人類經(jīng)常食用的魚類吞入體內(nèi)。然后，當(dāng)人類食用這些魚時，他們也會食用微塑料，一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為微塑料會致癌。

6Microplasticsaretinypiecesofplasticlessthanfivemillimetersinlengthandtheyareextremelyharmfultooceanlife.Thesemicroplasticsareoftenswallowedbyfishsuchastuna,salmon,andotherfishthathumansregularlyeat.Then,whenhumansconsumethesefish,theyalsoconsumethemicroplastics,whichsomescientistsbelievecancausecancer.TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA7Therearesimplethingsyoucandotohelppreventtheseproblems.Insteadofbuyinglargepackagesofplasticwaterbottles,usereusablewaterbottlesmadefromwashableandreusablematerials.Furthermore,whenyougoshopping,takereusablegrocerybagswithyouinsteadofusingplasticbagsthatgostraightintothetrashwhenyougethome.

你可以做一些簡單的事情來預(yù)防這些問題。與其購買大包裝的塑料水瓶，不如使用由鋁或其他可清洗和可重復(fù)使用的材料制成的可重復(fù)使用的水瓶。此外，當(dāng)你去雜貨店購物時，隨身攜帶可重復(fù)使用的購物袋，而不是使用回到家就直接扔進(jìn)垃圾桶的塑料袋。

TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA8Thepotentialforhumaninjuryisanothernegativeimpactofoceandumping.Oneofthemostpopularvacationspotsaroundtheworldisthebeach.Therearebeachesinjustabouteverycountryintheworld,andpeoplelovetovisitthem.However,whenpeopledumptheirtrashintheocean,eventuallythattrashmakesittotheshoreandtheshallower,shore-sidepartsoftheocean.

造成人身傷害的可能性是海洋傾倒垃圾的另一個負(fù)面影響。世界上最受歡迎的度假勝地之一是海灘。世界上幾乎每個國家都有海灘，人們都喜歡去那里參觀。然而，當(dāng)人們把垃圾傾倒在海洋中時，垃圾最終會到達(dá)海岸和海洋較淺的岸邊。

TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextATextA9Peoplecaninjurethemselvesbysteppingonbrokenglassbottles,rustynails,bitsofmetal,andsharpedgesofbustedaluminumcans.Thisisparticularlydangerousintheshallowpartsoftheoceanbecausethewaterhidestheseitemsfromviewandmakesthemnearlyimpossibletosee.Furthermore,theseitemscanpickupallkindsoftoxins,andcuttingoneselfonthecontaminateditemscancauseallergicreactionsandmoreseriousmedicalillnesses.

人們踩在碎的玻璃瓶、生銹的釘子、金屬碎片以及破鋁罐的鋒利邊緣，可能會傷到自己。這在海洋的淺水區(qū)尤其危險，因?yàn)楹Ｋ堰@些東西隱藏起來，使它們幾乎不能被看到。而且，這些物品會吸收各種毒素，在被污染的物品上割傷自己會引起過敏反應(yīng)和更嚴(yán)重的醫(yī)學(xué)疾病。

ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA10Canweturnitaround?WithallthepollutionintheoceanstodayandplaceslikeGarbageIslandexistingindifferentpartsoftheworld,itseemsalmostimpossibletoturnthistrendaroundandchangeanything.However,itcanbedone.Environmentally-friendlycompaniesareworkingoncreatingmoresustainableitems.Forinstance,thereisabrewerythatismakingtheirplasticringsfortheirsixpacksoutofediblematerialsthataresafeforfishandmarinelifetoeatratherthanharmfulplastic.

由于當(dāng)今海洋中的所有污染以及世界各地存在的垃圾島等地方，幾乎不可能扭轉(zhuǎn)這一趨勢并改變?nèi)魏问虑?。然而，這是可以做到的。環(huán)保公司正致力于創(chuàng)造更具可持續(xù)性的產(chǎn)品。例如，有一家啤酒廠正在用對魚類和海洋生物安全的食用材料而不是有害的塑料為他們的六個包裝制作塑料環(huán)。

TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextATextA11However,weallhavetodoourparts,too.Lesspollutionstartsathome.Buyrecyclablematerialsandrecyclethem.Avoidbuyingandusingdisposableplasticinfavorofreusableitems,andifyoureallywanttohelp,volunteertopickuptrashalonganearbybeachorevenaroadnearyourhome.

然而，我們也必須盡自己的一份力量。減少污染始于家庭。購買可回收材料并回收。避免購買和使用可丟棄的塑料來代替可重復(fù)使用的物品，如果你真的想幫忙，可以自愿在附近的海灘甚至家附近的道路上撿垃圾，回收你能找到的任何可回收的垃圾。NotesGroupDiscussionTextA1Additionally,oceansrepresentalmost99%ofthelivable,inhabitedspaceontheEarthandarehometocountlessspecies,manyofwhichscientistshaveyettodiscover.(Para.1)此外，海洋幾乎代表地球上99%的宜居的居住空間，它是無數(shù)物種的家園，其中的許多物種尚有待于科學(xué)家去發(fā)現(xiàn)。manyofwhichscientistshaveyettodiscover是非限制性定語從句，修飾countlessspecies。在非限制性定語從句中，限定詞（如some、none、all、both、many等）可以和ofwhom、ofwhich連用，大多放在前面，但在非正式文體中，有時也可以放在后面。e.g.Theypickedupfiveboatloadsofrefugees,someofwhomhadbeenatseaforseveralmonths.他們救起了五船難民，其中有一些人已經(jīng)在海上待了好幾個月。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA

2However,thesespeciesarerapidlydyingout,dueinlargeparttotheextensivepollutionfillingtheocean’sdepths.(Para.2)然而，這些物種正在迅速滅絕，在很大程度上是由于海洋深處的大量污染。fillingtheocean’sdepths是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。e.g.Alittlechildlearningtowalkoenfalls.學(xué)走路的小孩常常摔倒。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA3Animalsandcoralreefsarenottheonlythingsthatbenefitfromlesswasteintheoceans;thereareadvantagesforhumans,too.(Para.5)并不是只有動物和珊瑚礁因海洋垃圾減少而受益，人類也從中受益。thatbenefitfromlesswasteintheoceans是限制性定語從句，修飾theonlythings。當(dāng)先行詞被theonly、thevery等修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。e.g.ThisistheverybusthatI’mwaitingfor.這正是我在等的公交車。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA4Insteadofbuyinglargepackagesofplasticwaterbottles,usereusablewaterbottlesmadefromwashableandreusablematerials.(Para.7)與其購買大包裝的塑料水瓶，不如用可清洗、可重復(fù)使用的材料制成的可以重復(fù)使用的水瓶。madefromwashableandreusablematerials是過去分詞短語作定語，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。e.g.Thebabyfastenedtothebackseatofthecarwascryingatthetopofhislungs.固定在汽車后座的寶寶哭得聲嘶力竭。TextAGroupDiscussionTextA1Whatcanhumanbeingsbenefitfromreducingwasteintheoceans?Sincetheoceanishometosomanydifferentlivingcreatures,forhumanbeings,therearemanybenefitstheycangetfromreducingwaste,andoneofthemostobviousbenefitsofreducingwasteisthatfewerandfewerspecieswouldbecomeextinctbecauseofthepollution,andthiswouldensurethathumanbeingscangetstableseafood,workandevenfinancialresourcesfromtheoceans.TextAGroupDiscussionTextA2Whatistheproperrelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandoceans?Theoceanisthecradleoflife,whichprovidesconditionsforthebirth,evolutionandreproductionoflife.Theoriginoftheoceanandlifearecloselyrelated,andtheevolutionoflivingthingscannotbeseparatedfromtheocean.Theoceanprovidesaseriesofresourcessuchaswind,food,water,tourismandmineralsforhumanbeings,andhumansurvivalanddevelopmentcannotbeseparatedfromtheocean;However,withthedevelopmentoftheoceanbyhumanbeings,thegoodenvironmentcreatedbytheoceanforhumanbeingshasbeenseriouslydamagedbyhumanactivities.Therefore,humanbeingsshouldreasonablydevelopandutilizetheocean,protectmarineresourcesandenvironment,maintainmarineecologicalbalance,constantlystrengthenexchangeswithmarineorganisms,andfinallyachieveharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumanbeingsandtheocean.TextAGroupDiscussionTextA3Giveyourpointofviewonhowtodoyourpartinprotectingthemarineecosystem.TextAAsforprotectingthemarineecosystem,weallhavetodoourparts.Weshouldtryourbesttodothefollowing:Firstly,lesspollutionstartsathome.Secondly,buyrecyclablematerialsandrecyclethem.Thirdly,avoidbuyingandusingdisposableplasticinfavorofreusableitems.Andfinally,volunteertopickuptrashandrecycleanyrecyclabletrashthatwecanfind.WarmingupNewWordsTextA1.Whatdoyouknowaboutlightpollution?

AsfarasIknow,lightpollutionisunwantedorexcessiveartificiallight.Likenoisepollution,lightpollutionisaformofwasteenergythatcancauseadverseeffectsanddegradeenvironmentalquality.Moreover,becauselightistypicallygeneratedbyelectricity,whichitselfisusuallygeneratedbythecombustionoffossilfuels,itcanbesaidthatthereisaconnectionbetweenlightpollutionandairpollution.Controloflightpollutionthereforewillhelptoconservefuel(andmoney)andreduceairpollutionaswellasmitigatethemoreimmediateproblemscausedbytheexcessivelight.TextBWarmingupNewWordsTextA2.Whatarethesourcesoflightpollution?

Sourcesoflightpollutionincludeelectronicbillboards,nightsportsgrounds,streetandcarlights,cityparks,publicplaces,airports,andresidentialareas.TextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextBstargazinghazeadverse

hormone

illuminatedimmotionsensorreclaimlookupblockoutfightfortakeastep/stepstodosth.TextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB1.stargazing[?stɑ?ɡe?z??]

n.觀星；星辰凝望

e.g.Thegrasslandhassomeofthemostidealconditionsforstargazing.這片草原擁有最適合遙望星空的環(huán)境。2.haze[he?z]n.煙霧；霾

e.g.Thesunsmoulderedthroughathinsummerhaze.太陽透過夏日的薄霧散發(fā)著蒼白無力的光。3.

adverse[??dv??s]adj.不利的

e.g.Thisdrugisknowntohaveadversesideeffects.眾所周知，這種藥具有不良副作用。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB4.hormone[?h??m??n]n.激素

e.g.Manybiologicalprocessesarecontrolledbyhormones.許多生物變化過程都是由激素控制的。5.illuminate[??lu?m?ne?t]vt.照亮

e.g.Atnightthewholebuildingwasbeautifullyilluminatedbymoonlight.晚上整棟大廈被月光映照得美輪美奐。6.dim[d?m]v.（使）變暗淡；（使）昏暗

e.g.Thelightofhiscardimmedwhenanothercarwascomingfromtheoppositedirection.當(dāng)另一輛車從對面開來時，他減弱了他的車燈光線。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB7.motion[?m???n]n.運(yùn)動

e.g.Gravitygovernsthemotionsofcelestialbodies.萬有引力控制著天體的運(yùn)動。8.sensor[?sens?(r)]n.傳感器

e.g.Asensorchannelsthelightsignalalonganopticalfibre.傳感器沿光導(dǎo)纖維輸送光信號。9.reclaim[r??kle?m]vt.恢復(fù)

e.g.In1986,theygottherighttoreclaimSouthAfricancitizenship.1986年，他們?nèi)〉昧嘶謴?fù)南非公民身份的權(quán)利。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB1.lookup仰望

e.g.Lookupattheskyandyouseestars.仰望星空，你會看到繁星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。2.blockout阻擋

e.g.Effectivelistenersdon'tblockoutnegativecriticism.有效的傾聽者不阻止負(fù)面的批評。3.fightfor為……而奮斗

e.g.Graduateshavetofightforjobsinahighlycompetitivemarket.畢業(yè)生不得不在競爭激烈的市場上奮力爭取找到工作。

4.takeastep/stepstodosth.采取措施做某事e.g.Wemusttakepositivestepstodealwiththeproblem.我們必須采取積極措施來處理這個問題。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB1Everyonewholoveslookingupatthenightskyknowsonething:Toseethemoststars,getawayfromacity.

每個夜晚喜歡抬頭看天空的人都知道：在城市里，大多數(shù)的星星已經(jīng)看不到了。TextBLightPollution:HowMuchLightIsTooMuchReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB2Incities,artificiallightcomesfromstreetlamps,buildings,signsandcars.Allthisunnatural,man-madelightblocksoutanychancetoseethestars.InWashington,D.C.,amannamedJimDoughertyisfightingfordarkerskies.Heandotherswanttoturndownthelightsinthecityandnotjusttoimprovestargazing.Theybelieveadarkernightskyisgoodforthehealthofpeopleandourplanet.

城市中，到處都是街道的燈光、建筑物的燈光以及汽車燈光。所有這些人為造出來燈光阻礙了人們觀賞星星。華盛頓特區(qū)一位名叫吉姆·多爾蒂的人努力為更黑的夜空爭取。他和別人希望能夠關(guān)掉夜晚城市里的燈，不僅僅為了能夠眺望星星。他們認(rèn)為更黑的夜晚對人體健康和我們的星球有益處。TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB3WhatdoestheEarthlooklikefromspace?TheEarthappearstoshinefromspace.Whatastronautsseeastheycircletheplanetarethelightsfromourcities.Thislightcreatesakindoforangecloudorhazethatkeepsusfromseeingthestars.

從太空中看，地球是個什么樣子的？從太空看，地球閃閃發(fā)光。宇航員繞地球轉(zhuǎn)時看到的就是城市的燈光。這些燈光會產(chǎn)生一種橘色的云或者一種薄霧讓我們無法看到星星。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB4JimisthepresidentoftheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation.Hesaystheorangehazeislightpollution.5“Lightpollutionisoutdoorlightingwhichisnotservingthetaskthatitisdesignedfor.Infactitiseitherwastedor,worse,hasharmful,adverseeffects.”吉姆·多爾蒂是國際黑暗夜空協(xié)會的主席，他說這種橘色的薄霧就是光污染?！肮馕廴揪褪鞘彝獾墓?，當(dāng)初設(shè)計室外的燈是為了照明。實(shí)際上太多的燈光有點(diǎn)浪費(fèi)，甚至有一些負(fù)面影響?！盩extBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB6Jimsaystoomuchlightisbadforyourhealth.Studiesfindthattoomuchlightdisturbsoursleep,affectshormonesandislinkedtosomecancers.Hesayslightpollutionisalsobadfortheplanetandmaycauseglobalwarmingandclimatechange.TextB

吉姆·多爾蒂說太多的燈光對健康有害。研究表明太多的燈光打擾我們的睡眠，影響激素，甚至?xí)承┌┌Y有關(guān)聯(lián)。他說光污染對我們的地球也有害，會導(dǎo)致全球變暖和氣候變化。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB7Buthowmuchlightistoomuch?ThereisapopularWashingtonneighborhoodcalledCapitolHill,whereroundorglobe-shapedstreetlightsshineinalldirections.Mr.Doughertysaystoomuchlightisbeingproduced.ButsomepeoplewholiveontheCapitolHilldisagree.Theysaythelightingthereisagoodamount,andmakesthemsafeandcomforting.

TextB

光污染對公眾安全影響有多少燈才算是很多？多爾蒂去了華盛頓特區(qū)附近一個非常受歡迎的地方——國會山。這片區(qū)域，各個方向有圓形的街燈閃耀。這片地區(qū)產(chǎn)生太多的光污染，但是一些住在國會山的人并不贊同。美國之音的記者羅珊·斯凱博采訪了兩位晚上偶爾出來散步的人，他們說那里的燈光很多，不是很亮，令他們感到安全和舒適。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB8Jimsaysheunderstandsthatofficialswanttomakethesidewalkssafe.Buthesaysthecitysetuptwotimesthenumberofstreetlampsthanarenecessary,andthelightsarenotdesignedwell.Theysendlightintothesky,whereitisnotneeded.Hesaysthestreetlampsaremoreforlooksthansafety.TextB

吉姆·多爾蒂說他理解華盛頓市的官員想要讓人行道安全。但是他說城市街燈的數(shù)量超過所需的兩倍，而且燈設(shè)計也不好，這些等直接將光線傳到空中——不需要燈光的地方。這些街燈更多的是為了觀賞而不是出于安全的考慮。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB9OntheCapitolHill,Jimandhisteamcometothegroundsofalargeapartmentbuilding.Thegroundsarelitbyacombinationoftraditionallightsthatbrighten,orilluminate,thegroundsandwalls.Therearealsomoremodernlampsthatsendlightdownwardinoneplacewhereitisneeded.TextB

去國會山的參觀中，他和記者羅珊·斯凱博去一些大型公寓樓的空地參觀。地面上、墻上各種傳統(tǒng)的燈飾照明，而且還有更多現(xiàn)代的燈將燈光打到需要的地方。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB10Intherecentpast,theCapitolHillneighborhoodhaditsshareofcrime.Itstillhasreportsofrobbery,homebreak-insandmurder.11Therearesignsofnewlightingonthewidestreets.Jimsaysthatsoonstreetlightswillnotbenecessary.Buthesaysefficientlightingforsidewalksprovidessafetywithoutwastingenergyorcausinglightpollution.TextB

過去一段時間，國會山附近有很多犯罪案件發(fā)生，現(xiàn)在還有搶劫、入室盜竊和謀殺案的發(fā)生。附近寬闊的街道上有很多新的照明標(biāo)志。吉姆·多爾蒂說很快街燈就不再需要了，但是他說人美國國會大廈行道有效的照明還是會為路人提供安全，并不會浪費(fèi)能源或者導(dǎo)致光污染。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB12Withknowledgecomesaction.Heexplainsthatcityofficialsaretakingstepstostopwastefulspendingandprotectpublichealth.13Insomecommunities,theyareadoptingnewtechnologiestodimthelights,afteronea.m.,whenpeopledon’treallyneedthem,sothatisanimportantwaytosave.Therearealsodevelopingtechnologiesnowwhenyoustepintoaparkorwhenyoudriveyourcardownastreet,thelightscomeonbecausetheyhavemotionsensors.Ortheysenseyourcellphone.Theyturnonwhenthereissomeonethereandthentheyturnoff.TextB

隨著行動越來越科學(xué)，他解釋說城市的官員正采取行動停止不必要的花費(fèi)，保護(hù)公眾健康?！霸谝恍┥鐓^(qū)，他們采取新技術(shù)可以在凌晨一點(diǎn)后人們不太需要的時候，讓燈光黯淡下來。因此這是節(jié)省能源和花費(fèi)的一個重要的方式。他們現(xiàn)在還在研發(fā)新技術(shù)，當(dāng)你走進(jìn)公園或者駕駛車輛在路上時，燈光就會亮，因?yàn)檫@些燈有運(yùn)動傳感器；或者能夠感應(yīng)到你的手機(jī)。有人經(jīng)過的時候燈就會亮，然后就會熄滅。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB14Amotionsensorturnslightsonoroffbydetectingmotion.Motionsensorscanreducelightingby90percentandstillbeeffective.Mr.Doughertyhopesmorecommunitiesuseenergy-savingdeviceslikethis.Hesayshehopesthatinthefuture,wehumanscanreclaimthenightsky.TextB

運(yùn)動傳感器能夠檢測到運(yùn)動的物體，讓后亮燈或者滅燈。運(yùn)動傳感器可以減少90%的燈光，從而更有效利用能源。多爾蒂希望更多的社區(qū)使用節(jié)省能源裝備。他表示希望在未來，人類能夠重新看到夜晚的天空。NotesGroupDiscussionTextB1Theysaythelightingthereisagoodamount,andmakesthemsafeandcomforting.(Para.7)他們說那里的燈光很多，讓他們覺得安全舒適。safeandcomforting是形容詞短語作them的賓語補(bǔ)足語。e.g.Haveyougoteverythingreadyforthejourney?你準(zhǔn)備好旅行要帶的所有物品了嗎？TextBNotesGroupDiscussionTextB2Buthesaysthecitysetuptwotimesthenumberofstreetlampsthanarenecessary,andthelightsarenotdesignedwell.(Para.8)但是他說城市路燈的數(shù)量是所需的兩倍，而且路燈設(shè)計得也不好?！氨稊?shù)+比較級+than”也可以寫為“倍數(shù)+as+原級+as”。e.g.Thisroomisthreetimeslargerthanthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.這個房間是那個房間的三倍大。TextBNotesGroupDiscussionTextB3Withknowledgecomesaction.Heexplainsthatcityofficialsaretakingstepstostopwastefulspendingandprotectpublichealth.(Para.12)掌握知識后便是行動。他解釋說城市的官員正采取措施停止開支浪費(fèi)，保護(hù)公眾健康。Withknowledgecomesaction.是介詞短語前置構(gòu)成的倒裝句。e.g.Withitwasmingledfar-awaycheering.遠(yuǎn)處的歡呼聲與此融在一起。TextBGroupDiscussionTextB1Howmanyhazardsoflightpollutionarementionedinthetext?

Threehazardsoflightpollutionarementionedinthetext,andtheyareasfollows:1)Toomuchlightisbadforourhealth.Studiesfindthattoomuchlightdisturbsoursleep,affectshormonesandislinkedtosomecancers.2）Lightpollutionisbadfortheplanet.3）Lightpollutionmaycauseglobalwarmingandclimatechange.TextBGroupDiscussionTextB2AccordingtoJimDougherty,howmuchlightistoomuch?TextBAccordingtoJimDougherty,efficientlightingforsidewalksprovidessafetywithoutwastingenergyorcausinglightpollution,butwhenroundorglobe-shapedstreetlightsshineinalldirections,toomuchlightisbeingproducedandthat’swastefulspending,whichmaycauselightpollutionanddoharmtopublichealth.GroupDiscussionTextB3Sincelightpollutiondoesharmtousall,whatstepswillyoutaketoreducelightpollution?TextBIthinkIwilltakethefollowingstepstohelpreducelightpollution:Firstly,I’llusewell-designedlightfixtureswithmodernopticalcontrolstodirectthelightdownward;Secondly,I”llusetheminimumamountofwattagefortheareatobeilluminated;Thirdly,Iwilldomybesttoseeksupportfrommorepeopletocallontherelatednationalandlocalgovernmentagenciestopassandenforceappropriatelight-controllawsandordinancestoreducelightpollution.QuotesTextB?Oneplanet,oneocean—together,wehavethepowertoprotectthemboth.——

IrinaBokovaTextB

同一個地球，同一片海洋—攜手同心，我們有能力將二者一同加以保護(hù)。——伊琳娜·博科娃QuotesTextB?Theimportanceofouroceanstoeverysinglelivingbeingonourplanetcannotbeoverstated.——AntónioGuterres

TextB海洋對地球上每個生物的重要性無論怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)也不過分。——安東尼奧·古特雷斯QuotesTextB?Aslightpollutionspreadsweareslowlylosingoneoftheoldestandmostuniversallinkstoallhumanhistory.——PeterLipscombTextB隨著光污染的擴(kuò)散，我們正慢慢失去與所有人類歷史最古老、最普遍的聯(lián)系之一?！说谩だ账箍颇稵hankyou!LifeandSuccessUnit8ENJOYINGENGLISHREADINGBookTwo2cussionUnit8LifeandSuccess1TextA

Warming-upNewWords2TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionWarming-upNewWordsWarming-upNewWordsGroupDiscussionQuotesReadingthroughWarmingupNewWordsTextAAppreciationofMusicTextA1《真心英雄》2“WhenYouBelieve”Question:

Istherea“successpersonality”？WarmingupNewWordsTextA1.Howwouldyoudescribeyourcharacter?competitive

helpful

curioushavestrongself-confidencehaveteamspiritTextAWarmingupNewWordsTextA2.Whatkindoflifedoyouthinkisasuccessfullife?greatwealth

ahighpositiongoodhealth

truefriendshipanicefamilyTextANewWordsReadingthroughTextAcommissiongrueling

efficientknowledgeablepersistentpen