山東省濟(jì)南市2023-2024學(xué)年高三開學(xué)統(tǒng)考英語試題

絕密★啟用并使用完畢前2023-2024學(xué)年高中三年級(jí)摸底考試英語試題本試卷共12頁，滿分150分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫，字體工整、筆跡清楚。3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效；在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。4.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)該部分分為第一、第二兩節(jié)，注意：回答聽力部分時(shí)，請(qǐng)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。聽力部分結(jié)束前，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將你的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanplantodoforthesummervacation?A.StayinLondon.B.Gosightseeing.C.Seehisparents.2.Whydidthewomanchangethereservation?A.Shecancelledtheparty.B.Shegotthedatewrong.C.Sheputoffherplan.3.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Hefoundacarkey.B.Helosthiscarkey.C.Hegothiskeyring.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thecomingtests.B.Thestressinlife.C.Thelearningmethods.5.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Rainy.B.Stormy.C.Fine.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽!后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6和第7題。6.Whatwillthemandoforthewoman?A.Takehertotheairport.B.Helpherwiththebag.C.Waitforherinataxi.7.Whendoesthewomanplantoarriveattheairport?A.Atabout4:00p.m.B.Atabout3:00p.m.C.Atabout2:00p.m.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Parentandchild.C.Brotherandsister.9.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.EnjoyLinda'sdrawings.B.Dosomevolunteerwork.C.Drawsomeelderlypeople.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Giveheraride.B.Takeataxiwithher.C.Joinameetingat10a.m.11.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?A.Atameetingroom.B.Atahomeoffice.C.Atacoffeeshop.12.Whatwillthespeakersdotogether?A.Havelunch.B.LeaveLondon.C.TalkwithMr.White.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthemandoing?A.Havingabusinesstalk.B.Attendinganinterview.C.Listeningtoacollegelecture.14.Whydoesthemanapplyfortheposition?A.Tomakemoney.B.Tofinishclasses.C.Togainexperience.15.Whenwillthemanstartwork?A.InApril.B.InMay.C.InJuly.16.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.Hewastrainedbeforeforthejob.B.Hemajorsincomputerscience.C.Hedoesn'tcareaboutthepay.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatmightthespeakerbe?A.Aguide.B.Aparent.C.Aplayer.18.What'sextremelyimportanttothelisteners?A.Takingaquicktour.B.Returningtothebusontime.C.Rememberingthemeetingplace.19.Whenwillthelistenershavetheirmeeting?A.Atnoon.B.Tomorrow.C.Thisafternoon.20.Whatwillthelistenersdofirst?A.Havetheirlunch.B.Interactwithplayers.C.Touraroundthestadium.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABostonUniversity(BU)istest-optionalforfirst-yearinternationalapplicantsapplyingforfall2023.StudentswillberequiredtosubmittheTOEFL,IELTSorDETtestscoresastheprimarymeansforevaluatingEnglishlanguagecapacity.Highschoolrecords,teacherevaluationandyourfinancialdocumentsshallalsobeincludedinapplicantchecklist.ApplicantsmustdecideforthemselveswhethertoincludestandardizedtestscoreswiththeirBUapplication.StandardizedTestScoresBUacceptsself-reportedstandardizedtestscoresonyourapplication.Youmayalsosubmityourofficialtestscoresbythetestingagency,orthroughtheself-reportformontheMyBUApplicantPortal.Pleasenote:Ifyousubmitself-reportedstandardizedtestscores,anofficialscorereportfromthetestingagencywillberequiredbeforeregisteringatBU.Ifthescoresonthosedifferevenslightlyfromthescoresyouself-reportedearlier,yourapplicationwillmostlikelybedisqualified.HighSchoolReportsOfficialcopiesofyourhighschoolreportsmustbesubmittedbyaschoolofficial.Ifyouareadmittedinaninternationalcoursewithnationalexams,pleaseseeourHighSchoolCredentials(資格證書)pageforhowtosubmittheseofficialresults.FormostBUprograms,therecommendedhighschoolcoursesareasfollows:4yearsofEnglish3-4yearsofmathematics3-4yearsoflaboratoryscience3-4yearsofhistoryand/orsocialscience21.WhichareoptionalinapplyingtoBU?A.Financialdocuments.B.Highschoolrecords.C.Standardizedtestscores.D.Teacherevaluationreports.22.Whatmaycauseafailureinyourapplication?A.Updatingapplicantinformation.B.Submittinginconsistenttestresults.C.TakingdifferentEnglishlanguagetests.D.ReportingscoresontheMyBUApplicantPortal.23.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Testorganizers.B.Primarystudents.C.Collegeprofessors.D.Internationalapplicants.BBeforejoiningtheWNBA,NapheesaCollierwonanationalchampionshipasakeyplayerduringtheUniversityofConnecticut'sundefeated2016season.Collierisalsoonanotherteam:She'sanEcoAthleteschampion.EcoAthletesisanonprofitlaunchedjustoverayearago,withthemissiontoinspireandcoachathletestoleadclimateaction.Initsfirstyear,34currentandretiredprofessionalathleteshavejoinedtheteam,fromawiderangeofsportsandcountries."MyteammatesandItalkaboutalotofissues,butwehaven'tgottenintoitonclimateyet,"saysCollier."Twothingsmyteammatesdotalkaboutareracialandeconomicinjustice.Iknowthatclimatechangemakestheseissuesmuchmoredifficulttodealwith.IhopeEcoAthletescanhelpmebringpeople'sattentiontoitandtoactonpositivesolutions."Althoughthere'salonghistoryofathletestakingastandonsocialjusticeissues,theyhavebeenmorehesitanttospeakoutaboutclimatechangeforanumberofreasons,explainsLewisBlaustein,thefounderofEcoAthletes."First,someathletesprefertonotpubliclyengageinpolities,whichiscommontoarangeofadvocacywork.Second,whenitcomestoclimate,athletesworriedaboutcommunicatingthesciencepoorly.Finally,fearsofbeinglabeleda'climatefake(冒充者)'alsostoodintheway."Toovercomethesechallenges,EcoAthletesoffersathletesaccesstoaresourcecenterandorganizeseventsforathletestolearnfromclimatescientistsandotherclimateexperts.Inturn,athletescansharetheirpassionfortheenvironmentwiththeirfans,getinvolvedinmoredirectactionandevenadvocateforpolicychange."Alotofitistryingtoeducateourfollowersandtalkaboutclimatechange,"saysCollier."CaringabouttheEarthshouldn'tbeahobbyoranidentity,butaresponsibilitythateveryonerecognizesastheirown.Oncethathappens,sustainabilitywillbecomeavalueineverydaydecisionmakingandallthoseactionswilladdup."24.WhywasEcoAthletessetup?A.Topromoteeco-friendlysports.B.Toprovideaplatformforworldleaders.C.Toappealtoathletestotakeclimateaction.D.Toinspirecoachestoleadclimateactivities.25.Whichofthefollowingmaypreventathletesfromengaginginclimateissues?A.Higheconomicpressure.B.Lackofrelatedknowledge.C.Poorinterpersonalrelationships.D.Worryaboutbreakingsportsrules.26.WhatwillathletesgetfromjoiningEcoAthletes?A.Accesstosportsskills.B.Waystoattractfollowers.C.Chancestolearnclimatescience.D.Rightstodraftclimatepolicies.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Responsibilityfallsonclimateexperts.B.Greatnesscomesfromsmallbeginnings.C.Thespiritsofsportsmakegreatathletes.D.Activeengagementmakesadifference.CHaveyoueverfelttheurgetoinputcriticalfinancialinformationonanot-so-familiarbusiness'swebsite?Wouldyoudaretoentrustyourcreditcarddetailsorpasswordstopotentiallyunsafetradingplatforms?ResearchersfromtheUniversityofViennahavetackledthisdilemmabydesigninganunconditionallysecuresystemforconductingtradeinsuchsituations.Thissolutionis"quantum(量子)-digitalpayments"whichcombinescrystallographic(加密的)methodswiththepropertiesofquantumlight.Intoday'spaymentecosystem,customers'sensitivedataisreplacedbysetsofrandomnumbers,andtheuniquenessofeachtradeissecuredbyaclassicalcrystallographicmethod.However,companieswithpowerfulcomputationalresourcescanbreakthesecodesandrecoverthecustomers'privatedata,andforexample,makepaymentsintheirname.AresearchteamledbyprofessorPhilipWaltherfromtheUniversityofViennahasshownhowthequantumpropertiesoflightcanensuresecurityfordigitalpayments.Inanexperiment,theresearchersdemonstratedthateachtradecannotbecopied.Theyreplacedclassicalcrystallographictechniqueswithaquantumprotocol(協(xié)議)usingsinglephotons,aunitofenergy.Duringthecourseofaclassicaldigitalpaymenttrade,theclientsharesaclassicalcodecalledcryptogramwithhispaymentprovider.Thiscryptogramisthenpassedonbetweenthecustomer,businessmen,andpaymentprovider.Inthedemonstratedquantumprotocolthiscryptogramisgeneratedbyhavingthepaymentprovidersendingparticularlypreparedsinglephotonstotheclient.Theresearcherssuccessfullyconductedquantum-digitalpayments,connectingtwouniversitybuildingsindowntownVienna.Digitalpaymentscurrentlyoperatewithinafewseconds."Atpresent,ourprotocoltakesafewminutesofquantumcommunicationtocompleteatrade.Thisistoguaranteesecurityinthepresenceofnoiseandlosses,"saysPhilipWalther."However,thesetimelimitationsareonlyoftechnologicalnature.Wewillwitnessthatquantum-digitalpaymentsreachpracticalperformanceintheverynearfuture."28.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thisdilemma"inParagraph2referto?A.Needforfinancialservices.B.Urgetogetridofcreditcards.C.Fearofdigitalpaymentsafety.D.Concernaboutfalseinformation.29.Whatisadisadvantageofthepresentpaymentsystem?A.Theconvenienceofpaymentcan'tbeenjoyed.B.Theuniquenessoftradecan'tbeensured.C.Customers'privatedatamaybeleaked.D.Customerpaymentchoicesarelimited.30.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Howquantum-digitalpaymentworks.B.Howdigitalpaymentprovessafer.C.Whysinglephotonsarenecessary.D.Whatisimportantforonlinetrade.31.WhatisPhilip'sattitudetowardsquantum-digitalpayment?A.Confident,B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Conservative.DInthe1950s,BritishhistorianNortheasterParkinsoncameupwithaconceptwhichwaslaterknownasParkinson'sLawofTriviality.Itstatesthattheamountoftimespentdiscussinganissueinanorganizationisoppositelyassociatedwithitsactualimportance.Parkinson'sLawofTrivialityisalsoknownas"bike-shedding(車棚)",afterthestoryParkinsonusestoillustrateit.Heasksreaderstoimagineafinancialcommitteemeetingtodiscussathree-pointagenda.Thepointsareasfollows;Aproposalforaf10millionnuclearpowerplant;Aproposalforaf350bikeshed;Aproposalforaf21annualcoffeebudget.Whathappens?Thecommitteeendsuprunningthroughthenuclearpowerplantproposalinlittletime.It'stooadvancedforanyonetoreallydigintothedetails.Thediscussionsoonmovestothebikeshed.Here,everyone'sanexpert.Intheend,thecommitteerunsoutoftimeanddecidestomeetagaintocompletetheiranalysis.Bike-sheddinghappensbecausethesmalleramatteris,themorepeoplewillhaveanopiniononit,evenwhenthereisnogenuinevaluetoadd.Whensomethingisoutsideofourcircleofcompetence,likeanuclearpowerplant,wedon'teventrytoexpressanopinion.Butwhensomethingiscomprehensible,everyonewantstoshowthattheyknowaboutthetopicathand.Howcanweavoidbike-shedding?Themainthingyoucandoistohaveaclearpurpose.PriyaParker,theauthorofTheArtofGathering:HowWeMeetandWhyItMatters,saysthatanysuccessfulgatheringneedstohaveafocusedpurpose."Specificity,"shesays,"isa.crucialelement."Whenitcomestochoosingyourlistofinvitees,Parkerwrites,"ifthepurposeofyourmeetingistomakeadecision,youmaywanttoconsiderhavingfewercooksinthekitchen."Gettingtheresultyouwant-athoughtful,educateddiscussionaboutthatpowerplant-dependsonhavingtherightpeopleintheroom.32.WhatisParkinson'spurposeofpresentingtheimaginarymeeting?A.Tostateafact.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Tomakeaprediction.D.Tointroduceanewpoint.33.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Themoreyouknow,thelessyouspeak.B.Whatissimpleforyoumaybetoughforothers.C.Whatrequiresmoreworkmaygetlessattention.D.Themoreyouputin,thebetteryourresultwillbe.34.Whichistheauthor'ssuggestionforasuccessfulmeeting?A.Planningbeforethemeeting.B.Gettingtherightpeopletothetable.C.Spendinglesstimeontheminorissues.D.Takingdifferentopinionsintoaccount.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Purpose:TheKeytoanEffectiveMeetingB.Talent:ACrucialElementinOrganizationsC.TheBikeShedEffect:AvoidingSmallMattersD.NuclearPowerPlant:TheLess-knownProposal第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ConsumersintheUnitedStatesspentnearly$3.7millionondishwashingsoapin2018togettheirdishesclean.Thatsetsthequestion:Dowereallyneeddishwashingsoaptogetourdishesclean?Theshortansweris:No.__36__Howcanwegetourdishescleanwithoutusingdishwashingsoap?Hotwaterisaneffectiveandtime-testedmethod.Alotofwhatweeatiswater-solubleandcansimplybewashedawaywithveryhotwater.__37__.Theyneedanalkali(堿)tobreakthemdown.So,ifyou'reoutofdishsoapandhaveathickoilypantowash,you'llneedtomakeyourownsoapbyaddinganalkalitohotwater.Youcanalsorunyourdishwasherusingonlytherinse(漂洗)cycle.Simplyremovetheremainsandpretenseyourdishesthoroughlybyhandandloadasusualinthemachine.Addwhitevinegar,asharp-tastingliquidusedincooking,tothecleaningcup.__38__.Setyourdishwasherontherinsecycleandyouwillgetclean,shinydishes.Ifyou'reacamperorafarmer,plantandwoodashes—remainsofburntplantsandwood—arereadilyavailableintheremainsofyourcampfire,whichhaveservedasdishwashingsoapforalongtime.Gathersomeashesfromyourcampfireandputtheminapot.Inaseparatepotboilsomewater.Slowlypourhotwaterovertheashes,justenoughtomakeamixture.__39__Whilewoodashesmaynotwinthegoodhousekeepingsealofapproval,they'llcleanyourpanandgetitreadyforairdrying.__40__Sowhetheryoufindyourselfdowntothelastdropofyourdishwashingsoapathome,forgettobringitalongonyourcampingtriporjustwanttotryaneco-friendly,naturalalternative,turntothesethingstohelpyou.A.Wecangetalongwithoutit.B.Aneco-friendlycleaningsolutioniscreated.C.Animalfatsandproteins,however,aretheopposite.D.Peopleusedunusualthingsinthenaturalworldaroundthem.E.Dishwashingsoaphasonlybeenaroundsincethemid-20thcentury.F.It'sgoodtoknowthatthere'realternativestomakeyourdishesclean.G.Theacidwillwipeouttheharmfulthingsandkeepthedishesfromspotting.第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。InSanAntonio,athemeparkcalledMorgan'sWonderlandhaswelcomedvisitorsacrosstheglobe.It'safully__41__spacedesignedforpeoplewhohavespecialneeds,anditallbeganwithonedadwhowantedtomakehisdaughterMorganHartman__42__.MorganHartmanwasbornwith__43__.Onafamilyvacationbackin2006,Morgan'sfather,Gordon,noticedherbeing__44__byagroupofchildrenshewastryingtoplaywithatahotelswimmingpool."ItleftMorganwithapainfulexperience.Allshewantedwasto__45__,"Gordonsaid.So,likeanygoodfatherwhoseeshischildbeinghurtinsomeway,he__46__tocreateaspacewhereeveryonefeltwelcome.Fouryearsand$35millionlater,Morgan'sWonderlandwas__47__andopenedtotheworld.Thenonprofitthemepark__48__25fancyattractionsandoffersfreeadmissiontoanyonewithadisability.Morgan'sWonderlandisa__49__thatthegovernmentisactivelyencouragingthewidercommunitytoadoptaswell.Allitsfacilitiesforthedisabledare__50__integratedwiththesurroundings,sotheyneverattractunnecessaryattentiontotheir__51__.Inadditiontoridesandgames,Morgan'sWonderlandalsooffersan__52__calledtheHomeLab,wherethedisabledcanpracticedailyactivitiessuchaspreparingfood,gettingdressedandsocializinginasafe,comfortablesettingusing__53__technology.GordonisclearthatMorgan'sWonderlandsuppliesanopportunityforthechildrenwhohavespecialneedswiththekindofinteractionshesawhisdaughter__54__ofsomanyyearsago,nomatterwhattheir__55__maybe.41.A.movable42.A.calm43.A.dreams44.A.takenin45.A.participate46.A.hesitated47.A.designed48.A.rents49.A.model50.A.likely51.A.brand52.A.object53.A.assistive54.A.suspected55.A.futureB.privateB.happyB.talentsB.caredforB.challengeB.beggedB.donatedB.featuresB.planB.perfectlyB.qualityB.adventureB.educationalB.deniedB.cultureC.accessibleC.strongC.disabilitiesC.watchedoverC.escapeC.agreedC.completedC.discoversC.chanceC.partlyC.structureC.experienceC.militaryC.warnedC.beliefD.cleanD.proudD.addictionsD.leftoutD.adaptD.determinedD.repairedD.exploresD.recordD.basicallyD.existenceD.inventionD.medicalD.remindedD.condition第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinahasauniqueandtime-honoredarchitecturaltradition,datingbacktotheZhouDynasty.Sinceancienttimes,severaltypesofarchitecturehavebeen__56__(traditional)builtbytheChinese.Eachofthesekindsofconstructionhasdifferentfeatures.Thewoodenarchitecturehasdistinctivefeatures__57__changedlittlefromtheZhouDynasty.Thebuildings__58__(construct)strongenoughtosurvivenaturaldisastersandwereeasiertorebuild.A__59__(notice)featureofthewoodenbuildingswasroofswithwideeaves(屋檐)andslightlyupturnedcorners.Thebuildersconsidered__60__importanttocoverwoodenbuildingswith__61__(overhang)roofs.Thiswastoprotectthebuildingfromweatheringsincewoodgotdamagedmuch__62__(fast)whenitwaswet.Anotherfeatureisthesouthfacingorientation(方向).Whencourtyardswerebuiltwithtallerbuildingsinthenorth__63__shorterwallsfacingeastandwestinthesouth,itallowedthemaximumamountofsunlight__64__(warm)thebuildingduringthewintermonths.Thiswas__65__thedoorandwindowsofthemainbuildingfacedsouthwardsandopenedovertheinnercourtyard.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)假定你是李華，下個(gè)月要赴英國參加交流活動(dòng)，將寄宿在活動(dòng)負(fù)責(zé)人Frank家。請(qǐng)給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.咨詢居住條件、交通方式等；2.期待相見。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearFrank,DearFrank,Yourssincerely,LiHua第二節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Almosteverykidhastheexperienceoflosingatreasuredbelonging.Sodoes8-year-oldMayaZrihen.Butwhatshedidafterwardsreallysetsherapart.MayahasbeencollectingJuniorRangerbadges(小護(hù)林員徽章)onfamilytripstonationalparks."Nationalparksareverybeautiful,andIwanttoprotectthem,sothat'swhyI'maJuniorRanger,"shesaid.Whenthefamilyfirstlearne