Nervous tissue 神經(jīng)組織解剖

Nervoustissue

神經(jīng)組織丁英Thecontentoftheclass1.videorecording:錄像nervoustissue神經(jīng)組織2.Observingslides:玻片觀察(1)multipolarneuron多極神經(jīng)元

HENO.25(2)neurofibril神經(jīng)原纖維SilverstainingNO.26(3)myelinatednerve有髓神經(jīng)纖維

HENO.27-1,-2(4)tactilecorpuscle觸覺小體

HENO.91(5)Lamellacorpuscle環(huán)層小體

HENO.91(6)spinalganglia.脊神經(jīng)節(jié)

HE24號(hào)1.multipolarneuron多極神經(jīng)元HENO.25LowporwerofSpinalcord脊髓Graymatter灰質(zhì)Whitematter白質(zhì)Thisspecimenisellipticinshape.InthecenterofitthereisanHshapedstructure,thegraymatter,staineddeeply.Thethickerhornsareanteriorhorns.樣本橢圓形，中央深染的H形結(jié)構(gòu)即為灰質(zhì)。前角比較寬。Anteriorhorns前角Posteriorhorn后角Lowporwer(10Χ):Themultipolarneuronscanbefoundintheanteriorhornsofthegraymatter.Thecellbodiescanberoundorovoid.Theothersmallerandroundnucleusarethenucleusofglialcell.低倍鏡10*:在灰質(zhì)前角可見成群排列的多極神經(jīng)元，胞體圓形或卵圓。另外可以看到神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞，核較小，圓形。whitemattergraymattermotorneuronHighpower(40Χ):Thenucleusofmultipolarneuronsislarge,round,palelystained,centrallylocatedandwithaprominentnucleolus.Thecytoplasmcontainsmanygranularareas,theNisslbodies,stainedindarkbluecolor.Nisslbodiesglialcell.(Motorneurons)(chromatin)(nucleolus)(nuclearmembrane)高倍鏡40*：多及神經(jīng)元的核大而圓，淡染，位于胞體中央，核仁明顯。胞質(zhì)含有許多染成紫藍(lán)色呈塊狀或粒狀分布的尼氏體〔名解〕。(axon)(dendrite)(hillock)(multipolarneuronofspinalcord)Highpower:Everymultipolarneuronsonlyhaveoneaxonandseveraldendrites.Axonhillockisthemarkedsiteoforiginoftheaxon.Inaxonhillock,theNisslebodyisdeficient.多極神經(jīng)元只有一條軸突，但有多個(gè)樹突。軸丘是軸突的起始部位，染色淡，沒(méi)有尼氏體。NeuroncontainsabundantGolgicomplexesandNisslbodies,indicatingactivesynthesis.神經(jīng)元里有豐富的高爾基復(fù)合體及尼氏體,說(shuō)明合成活潑。Nisslbody：RERFreeribosome

Neurofibrilscanbefoundinneuronswhentheyareimpregnatedwithsilver.Withlowmagnification,examinetheanteriorofthespinalcord,toidentifythegiantyelloworbrownmultipolarneurons.Thenshifttohighpower.TheneurofibrilformadenseNetworkintheperikaryon.Butintheprocessestheyrunparalleltoeachother.2.Neurofibrils神經(jīng)原纖維(silverstaining,NO.26)Neurofibrils高倍鏡40*：浸銀染色條件下，神經(jīng)元里可以看到神經(jīng)原纖維，棕褐色，細(xì)絲狀。在低倍鏡下，識(shí)別脊髓前角和后角，可見前角有許多體積較大的棕色多級(jí)神經(jīng)元。再轉(zhuǎn)到高倍鏡下觀察，神經(jīng)原纖維在核周體交織成網(wǎng)，但在突起內(nèi)那么平行排列。2.Neurofibrils神經(jīng)原纖維(silverstaining,NO.26)Darkandbutton-likesynapticbodiescanbefoundonthebodyanddendriteofneurons.(synapse)Highpower(40Χ)高倍鏡40*：扣結(jié)樣深染的突觸小體在胞體和樹突上清晰可見。Synapse:presynapticelement(containsneuronfilaments,synapticvesicles,mitochondria),synapticcleft,postsynapticelement(receptorsandionschannels)突觸：突觸前成分〔含有神經(jīng)絲，突觸小泡，線粒體〕，突觸間隙，突觸后成分〔有受體和離子通道〕。3.myelinatednervefiber有髓神經(jīng)纖維(HE,NO.27-1,27-2)Crosssectionofsciaticnerve坐骨神經(jīng)橫切面HE,LowpowerLongitudinalsectionofsciaticnerve坐骨神經(jīng)縱切面HE,Lowpower(nervebundle)(nervebundle)(Nerve)epineurium(Perineurium)(epineurium)Highpower(40Χ):Longitudinalsectionofmyelinatednervefibers

(Myelinsheath)(NodeofRanvier)(axon)(nucleusofShchwann’scell)Axon:appearsasathreadshaped,centrallylocatedstructure,stainedinpurple-redcolor.Myelinsheath:envelopestheaxon,stainedinlightredcolororpresentingafoamyappearance.ThenucleusofShchwann’scell:iselongatedandlocatedapproximatelyhalfwaybetween2adjacentnodesandappeartolieinindentationofthemyelin.高倍鏡40*：有髓神經(jīng)纖維縱切面--軸突：螺紋狀，居中，染成紫紅色。郎氏結(jié)處無(wú)髓鞘，軸膜裸露?！裁狻乘枨剩喊@軸突，染成淡紅色，或成泡沫樣〔類脂被溶解〕。施萬(wàn)細(xì)胞核：狹長(zhǎng)形，位于髓鞘邊緣，相鄰的兩個(gè)郎氏結(jié)中間。myelinatednervefiber(crosssection-lowpower)Eachnervefiberappearsasaroundstructure.Thecentraldotshapedstructureistheaxon,whichissurroundedbymyelinsheath,stainedinverylightcolororbeingfoamy.ThenucleusofSchwann’scellpresentsaroundshape.橫斷面成圓形，中央淡紅色圓點(diǎn)為軸突。軸突的外周是髓鞘，淡染或泡狀。邊緣可見圓形的施萬(wàn)細(xì)胞核。myelinatednervefiber(crosssection-highpower)(axon)(Myelinsheath)(Shchwann’scell)axonsMyelinsheath:consistsofmyelinandprotein.髓鞘：由髓磷脂和蛋白質(zhì)組成。4.sensorynerveending感覺神經(jīng)末梢(tactilecorpuscles觸覺小體,HE,NO.91)(skin)(nonkeratinizedstratifiedsquamousepithelim)(Meissnercorpuscles)Lowpower(10Χ):

tactilecorpusclesarelocatedinthedermalpapillae,theyareelongatedstructurescomposedofathickconnectivecapsule.Theyusuallyovalshaped.低倍鏡10*：觸覺小體位于真皮乳頭內(nèi)，為卵圓形突起結(jié)構(gòu)，外包結(jié)締組織被囊。Highpower(40Χ):tactilecorpuscle:isenvelopedbyconnectivetissue,withafewlayersofpinacocyteinit,whichconstitutetheconnectivetissuecradleofthetactilecorpuscle.高倍鏡40*：觸覺小體內(nèi)有許多扁平橫列的細(xì)胞，外包結(jié)締組織被囊。5.sensorynerveending感覺神經(jīng)末梢(lamellarcorpuscle環(huán)層小體,HE,NO.91

)(skin)(lamellarcorpuscle)Lowpower(10Χ):lamellarcorpusclecanbefoundinthedeeplayerofthedermis.Youcanseeanovalcorpusclewithmanylayersofconcentricarrangedpinacocytes.低倍鏡10*：環(huán)層小體位于真皮深層，為圓形或卵圓形呈同心圓排列的結(jié)構(gòu)。(6)spinalganglia脊神經(jīng)節(jié).HENO.24Spinalgangliaarealsocalleddorsalrootganglion.Inlowpower:thenervefibersandcellsaredistributedinfascicle/group.Cellsgroup脊神經(jīng)節(jié)又稱背側(cè)根神經(jīng)節(jié)，為假單極神經(jīng)元。低倍鏡下，可見神經(jīng)纖維及成群排列的細(xì)胞。Inmedianpower:thecellsgroupcompriselargeneuronalcellbodiessurroundedbyalayerofflattenedsatellitecells.中倍鏡：細(xì)胞群由體積大的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞組成，其周圍繞有扁平的衛(wèi)星細(xì)胞。neuronSatellitecellInhighpower:theneuronsarepseudo-unipolar,thecellbodiesofwhichareextremelyroundwithprominentfineNisslbodies.Theyhavealargecentralnucleuswithadistinctnucleo