空中交通服務(wù)術(shù)語

Aircraft:Anymachinethatcanderivesupportintheatmospherefromthereactionsoftheairotherthanthereactionsoftheairagainsttheearth’ssurface.

Regionalairnavigationagreement:Thephrase“regionalairnavigationagreement”referstoanagreementapprovedbythecouncilofICAOnormallyontheadviceofaRegionalAirNavigationMeeting.

Airtrafficservice:Agenerictermmeaningvariously,flightinformationservice,alertingservice,airtrafficadvisoryservice,airtrafficcontrolservice(areacontrolservice,approachcontrolserviceoraerodromecontrolservice).

Visualflightrules(VFR):VFRareasetofregulationswhichallowa

\o"Aviator"

pilot

tooperateanaircraftinweatherconditionsgenerallyclearenoughtoallowthepilottoseewheretheaircraftisgoing.Specifically,theweathermustbebetterthanbasicVFRweatherminimums,asspecifiedintherulesoftherelevantaviationauthority.

InstrumentFlightRules(IFR):IFRareregulationsandproceduresforflyingaircraftwherebynavigationandobstacleclearanceismaintainedwithreferringonlytotheaircraftinstrumentonly,pilotflyingIFRisresponsiblefornavigation,obstacleandtraffic.

Movementarea:Thepartoftheanaerodrometobeusedforthetakeoff,landingandtaxiingofaircraft,consistingofmaneuveringareaandtheaprons.

Pilot-in-command:Thepilotwhoisdesignatedbytheoperatorandresponsiblefortheoperationandsafetyoftheaircraftduringflighttime.

Callsign：Anaircraftcallsignisagroupofalphanumericcharactersusedtoidentifyanaircraftinair-groundcommunication.

Height:Theverticaldistanceofalevel,apointoranobjectconsideredasapoint,measuredfromaspecifieddatum.

Appropriateauthority:a)Regardingflightoverthehighseas:therelevantauthorityoftheStateofRegistry.

b)Regardingflightotherthanoverthehighseas:the

relevantauthorityoftheStatehavingsovereigntyover

theterritorybeingover-flown.

Cruisinglevel:Alevelmaintainedduringasignificantportionofaflight.

Flightlevel:Asurfaceofconstantatmosphericpressurewhichisrelatedtoaspecificpressuredatum,1013.2hPa,andisseparatedfromothersuchsurfacesbyspecificpressureintervals.

Note1.—ApressuretypealtimetercalibratedinaccordancewiththeStandardAtmosphere:

a)whensettoaQNHaltimetersetting,willindicatealtitude;

b)whensettoQFEaltimetersetting,willindicateheightabovetheQFEreferencedatum;

c)whensettoapressureof1013.2hPa,maybeusedtoindicateflightlevels.

Note2.—Theterms“height”and“altitude”,usedinNote1above,indicatealtimetricratherthangeometricheightsandaltitudes.

Transitionaltitude:Thealtitudeatorbelowwhichtheverticalpositionofanaircraftiscontrolledbyreferencetoaltitudes.

Altitude:Theverticaldistanceofalevel,apointoranobjectconsideredasapoint,measured.

Acrobaticflight:Manoeuvresintentionallyperformedbyanaircraftinvolvinganabruptchangeinitsattitude,anabnormalattitude,oranabnormalvariationinspeed.

Prohibitedareas:Anairspaceofdefineddimensions,abovethelandareasorterritorialwatersofaState,withinwhichtheflightofaircraftisprohibited.

Restrictedareas:Anairspaceofdefineddimensions,abovethelandareasorterritorialwatersofaState,withinwhichtheflightofaircraftisrestrictedinaccordancewithcertainspecifiedconditions

Airbornecollisionavoidancesystem(ACAS):Anaircraftsystembasedonsecondarysurveillanceradar(SSR)transpondersignalswhichoperatesindependentlyofground-basedequipmenttoprovideadvicetothepilotonpotentialconflictingaircraftthatareequippedwithSSRtransponders:

Waketurbulence:Theterm“waketurbulence”usedhereistodescribetheeffectoftherotatingairmassesgeneratedbehindthewingtipsoflargejetaircraft,inpreferencetotheterm“wakevortex”whichdescribethenatureofairmasses.

Maneuveringarea:Thatpartofanaerodrometobeusedforthetake-off,landingandtaxiingofaircraft,excludingaprons.

Trafficzone:Anareaofairspacethatisestablishedaroundtheairport.Theyextendfromthesurfacetoanaltitudeof2000’AGLandarecenteredonthemid-pointofthelongestR/Wandhaveanradiusofeither2or2.5NM.

Aerodrometraffic:Alltrafficonthemanoeuvringareaofanaerodromeandallaircraftflyinginthevicinityofanaerodrome.

Note.—Anaircraftisinthevicinityofanaerodromewhenitisin,enteringorleavinganaerodrometrafficcircuit.

Flightplan:Specifiedinformationprovidedtoairtrafficservicesunits,relativetoanintendedflightorportionofaflightofanaircraft.

Repetitiveflightplan(RPL):.Aflightplanrelatedtoaseriesoffrequentlyrecurring,regularlyoperatedindividualflightswithidenticalbasicfeatures,submittedbyanoperatorforretentionandrepetitiveusebyATSunits.

Estimatedoff-blocktime:Theestimatedtimeatwhichtheaircraftwillcommencemovementassociatedwithdeparture.

ATSroute:.Aspecifiedroutedesignedforchannellingtheflowoftrafficasnecessaryfortheprovisionofairtrafficservices.

Note.—Theterm“ATSroute”isusedtomeanvariously,airway,advisoryroute,controlledoruncontrolledroute,arrivalordepartureroute,etc.

Track:Theprojectionontheearth’ssurfaceofthepathofanaircraft,thedirectionofwhichpathatanypointisusuallyexpressedindegreesfromNorth(true,magneticorgrid)

Reportingpoint:Aspecifiedgeographicallocationinrelationtowhichthepositionofanaircraftcanbereported.

29.Airtrafficcontrolservice:Aserviceprovidedforthepurposeof:

a)preventingcollisions:

1)betweenaircraft,and

2)onthemanoeuvringareabetweenaircraftand

obstructions;and

b)expeditingandmaintaininganorderlyflowofairtraffic.

Anairtrafficcontrolunit:Agenerictermmeaningvariously,areacontrolcentre,approachcontrolofficeoraerodromecontroltower.

Airtrafficcontrolclearance:Authorizationforanaircrafttoproceedunderconditionsspecifiedbyanairtrafficcontrolunit.

Note1.—Forconvenience,theterm“airtrafficcontrolclearance”isfrequentlyabbreviatedto“clearance”whenusedinappropriatecontexts.

Controlledaerodrome:.Anaerodromeatwhichairtrafficcontrolserviceisprovidedtoaerodrometraffic.

Note.—Theterm“controlledaerodrome”indicatesthatairtrafficcontrolserviceisprovidedtoaerodrometrafficbutdoesnotnecessarilyimplythatacontrolzoneexists.

Changeoverpoint:ThepointatwhichanaircraftnavigatingalonganATSroutesegmentdefinedbyreferencetoveryhighfrequencyomnidirectionalradiorangesisexpectedtotransferitsprimarynavigationalreferencefromthefacilitybehindtheaircrafttothenextfacilityaheadoftheaircraft

Note:Changeoverpointareestablishedtoprovidetheoptimumbalanceinrespectofsignalstrengthandqualitybetweenfacilitiesatalllevelstobeusedandtoensureacommonsourceofazimuthguidanceforallaircraftoperatingalongthesameportionofroutesegment.

Controlzone:Acontrolledairspaceextendingupwardsfromthesurfaceoftheearthtoaspecifiedupperlimit.:

Filedflightplan:TheflightplanasfiledwithanATSunitbythepilotoradesignatedrepresentative,withoutanysubsequentchanges.

Note.—Whentheword“message”isusedasasuffixtothisterm,itdenotesthecontentandformatofthefiledflight