2022-2023學年重慶市重點中學高二（上）期末英語試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學年重慶市重點中學高二（上）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解：本大題共15小題，共37.5分。AAssistantProfessor，MusicalTheatreDance

WichitaStateUniversityseeksafull-time，9-monthassistantprofessor，beginninginAugust.Applicantsarerequiredtohaveadegreeindancearea，teachingexperienceataprofessionalorcollegelevel，abilitytodirectandteachstagemovement.Thesalarydependsonqualificationsandexperience.

Forcompleteinformation，visithttp：//.

FullProfessorinTheatreandDance

TheDepartmentofTheatre&；DanceattheUniversityAmmaatSanDiego（http：///）isseekinganexperiencedtheatreartistinlightingdesign.Applicantsmustworkforusforatleast10months.Significantprofessionalexperienceisrequired.Thispositionisexpectedtoteachatbothgraduateandundergraduatelevels.

AreviewofapplicationswillstartonJune1st.Applicationdeadline：September1st.

TechnicalDirectorinPerformingandFineArts

DeSalesUniversity'sPerformingandFineArtsDepartmentseeksahighlyskilled，professionaltechnicaldirector.Thepositionisa10-monthstaffpositionwiththepossibilityofsummeremploymentwithThePennsylvaniaShakespeareFestival.Professionalexperienceisrequired.MFAispreferred.

Pleaseemailmaterialstojohn.bell@.Screeningofapplicationsbeginsimmediatelyandwillcontinueuntilthepositionisfilled.

AssistantDirector-mediaResourcesCenter

MarylandInstituteCollegeofArtisseekinganAssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenterintheAcademicAffairsDivision.

QualificationsforthepositionincludeadegreeinArtHistoryorrelatedfieldswithaknowledgeofartanddesignhistory，libraryexperience，excellentinterpersonalandcommunicationskillsandfamiliaritywithPhotoshopandscanning.

Areviewofapplicationswillbeginimmediately；jobannouncementswillremainopenuntilthepositionisfilled.Applicantsarerequiredtoworkforusatleast11months.Theycansendemailstojobs@.Thesalarydiffersdependingonyourexperience.Pleaseincludeyourdesiredsalaryinyourapplicationletter.1.WhataretherequirementstobeafullprofessorinTheatreandDance？______A.Havingagraduateorundergraduatedegree.

B.Beingabletoteachstagemovement.

C.Beinganexperiencedtheatreartistinthedancearea.

D.Havingmuchprofessionalexperience.2.Whatshouldanapplicantdoifhewantstobeatechnicaldirector？______A.Contactjobs@.

B.Visithttp：///.

C.Contactjohn.bell@.

D.Visithttp：//.3.Whichofthefollowingrequiresinterpersonalandcommunicationskills？______A.WichitaStateUniversity.

B.MarylandInstituteCollegeofArt.

C.DesalesUniversity.

D.TheUniversityofCalifornia.BHuangDanian，thewell-knownChinesegeophysicist，wasbornin1958inGuangxi，China.Asakeenandablestudent，HuangwenttotheUKin1993tofurtherhisstudies.

BythetimeHuangmovedbacktoChinain2008，hehadbeenlivingandworkingintheUKfor15years.Hehadagoodjobandalifethere，buthegaveitalluptoreturntohomedrivenbytheideathatheneededtocontributetohiscountry.Asoneoftheworld'sleadingexpertsindeepearthexplorationtechnology，Huangwasinvitedtoparticipateinthe"ThousandTalent"programme.HetookupapositionatJilinUniversity，Changchun.

HuangwasnamedleadscientistonChina'sdeepearthexplorationprogramme，developingadvancedcamerasthatcanseethroughtheEarth'scrust（外殼）sothatitcanbeanalysedwithouthavingtodigintoit.Hesetupanadvancedlab，sometimespayingforequipmentwithhisownmoney.Somedescribedhimasa"lunatic"（a"madman"），butthispassion（熱情）anddriveenabledHuangtopushforwardsChina'sdeepearthexplorationtechnologyintoaworld-leadingposition.Huang'sdevotioncontributedtoChina'slunarprobe（月球探測器）Yutubeinglandedonthemoonin2013andthelaunchofthespacecraftsShenzhou-11andTiangong-2in2016.

Huang'shealthalsopaidthepriceforhiscommitmenttohiswork.Hebeganhavingfaintingfits（昏厥）in2012，butpaidthemlittleattention，statinghedidnothavetimetogotoseeadoctor——hisworkalwayscamefirst.InNovember2016，Huangfaintedandwastakentohospital，wherehewasdiagnosedwithcancer.Thediseasewassoadvancedthathehadjustacoupleofmonthstolive.

Likethetruescientisthewas，Huangnevergaveup，butalwaystriedtopushforwards.Evenfromhishospitalbed，hecontinuedhiswork，writinglettersofreferenceforhiscolleaguesandreplyingtoquestionsfromhisstudents.HuangdiedinJanuary2017，agedjust58.Morethan800peopleattendedhisfuneraltocelebratealifethatburnedsobright，butwassoshort.4.HuangreturnedtoChinain2008because______.A.hedesiredtodevotehimselftohismotherland

B.the"ThousandTalent"programattractedhim

C.JilinUniversityofferedhimatopposition

D.hewasn'tsatisfiedwiththelifeintheUK5.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout？______A.China'saerospacedevelopment.

B.Huang'sworkingattitudeandstyle.

C.China'sdeepearthexplorationtechnology.

D.Huang'sgreatcontributionstoChina.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs？______A.TheworkingenvironmentcausedHuang'sdisease.

B.Huangworkedcontinuouslydespitehispoorhealth.

C.Huangwastakentohospitalafterhefaintedin2012.

D.AlargesumofmoneywaspaidtotreatHuang'sillness.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeHuangDanian？______A.Generousandhonest. B.Hardworkinganddetermined.

C.Modestandcourageous. D.Passionateandpatient.CEverytimewegetonaplane，we'reaskedtoeitherturnoffourphonesorchangethemtoflightmode-it'sfor"securityreasons"。ButaccordingtoTheConversationwebsite，havingtoturnourphonesoffonaplaneis"aserviceissue，notasafetyone"。

Whenwespeakonourphonesintheair，theycancauseinterferencetotheaircraft'sradiosandpilotscanhearthisinterferenceintheirheadphones."It'sthesamenoiseyou'llbefamiliarwith，ifyouputyourmobiletooclosetoaspeaker，"theMirrornoted."Itisnotsafety-critical，butisannoyingforsure."Thoughspeakingonaphoneduringaflightisn'tdangerous，fromtheviewpointofservice，itisn'tstillagoodidea.Whenwemakeorreceiveacallontheground，weconnecttoacelltowerthatdealswithallcallswithinan80-kilometerradius（半徑）．Aswemovefromplacetoplaceweare"handedon"todifferentcelltowers.AsUSscientistSvenBilenexplains，forthissystemtowork，thereare"built-in"expectations：Thereshouldn'tbetoomany"handoffs"andpeopleshouldn'tbetravelingfasterthancarspeeds."Ofcourse，phoneusersshouldbeclosetotheground."headded.Ifweweretomakephonecallswhileweflew，however，noneoftheseexpectationswouldbemet.Andevenworse，ourcellphoneswouldstopworking.

Butnowthingsarebeginningtochange.Ifwestillcan'tspeakduringaflight，wecanuseotherphonefunctions.Forexample，AirbusA330ofEmiratesAirlineshasinflightWiFitomakepassengerssendandreceiveshortmessagesintheair.Inthefuture，asBilenpointsout，itmaybepossibleforairtravelerstomakeandreceivecallsfreely.Thebreakthroughcouldbe"picocells"，whicharesmallcelltowersontheplaneitself.Therewouldnolongerbeconnectionsmadebetweenphonesandthegroundandthereforetherewouldbenodangerofdisturbanceofphoneservice.

Oneday，perhaps，wewillbechattingintheairasmuchaswechatontheground.8.WhyismakingaphonecallNOTallowedonaplane？______A.Becauseitwillposeathreattotheirsafety.

B.Becauseitcanguaranteeabetterservice.

C.Becauseitfailstobeconnectedtothecelltower.

D.Becauseitmaycauseannoyingnoisetopilots.9.Howmany"built-in"expectationsarementionedtohelpmakeacall？______A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.10.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？______A.Peopleneedtotravelslowerthanairplanespeedswhilephoning.

B.Picocellsmaycontributetofreephonecallsonaplane.

C.Undisturbedphoneservicehasbeenprovidedbyairlines.

D.PassengerscanreceivecallsonAirbusA330throughinflightWiFi.11.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom？______A.Anewspaper. B.Anofficialdocument.

C.Aguidebook. D.Asciencefictionstory.DWeknowthatChinaisthelargestandfastest-growingconsumermarketintheworld.Whatislesswellunderstoodaretheforcesthatshapeconsumerismintheworldsmostpopulouscountry.Inmyview,therearesomesocialandculturalaspectsatplaythatdriveconsumerspending.

Consumerismisrelatedtofreedom.Tohaveachoicemeanstohaveconsumerchoice.Youarewhatyouconsume.Consumptionisanexpressionofself.Itallowsyoutoexploretheworldthroughitsproducts,toexperimentwithlifestylechoices,andtodososafelyandanonymously（匿名地）.YoumightnevergettoFrance,butyoucantryFrenchwine.Californiamightbefaraway,butyoucangotoShanghaiDisneyland.Indeed,theenthusiasmforchoiceisreflectedintheenthusiasmChineseconsumershaveforonlineshopping.

Consumerismisastatementofsuccess.AmericaneconomistThorsteinVeblenpopularizedtheconceptof"conspicuousconsumption".Whenconsumptionisnolongerdrivenonlybyneed,itbecomesawayofmakingastatementthatyouhavedisposable（可支配的）incomeandyoucan-atleastincertainrespects-enjoylifeonyourterms.Simplepleasures--apairofNikes,asmartphone,designerclothingbecomestatementsofpersonalidentity.

Collectiveexperienceisfocused.Welikeparticipatingingroupevents.FOMO，theFearofMissingOut,goesbeyondcultures.ButIsuspectthistrendisstrongerinChinathanintheWestbecauseConfucianculturedoesnotcelebrateoutliersastheWestdoes.Socialmediareinforces（強化）thiscollectivepatternsothatshoppinganddiningaresharedexperiences.Opinionsarecrowd-sourced.Andthemerchantsreinforcethispatternbysupportingholidaysales,groupbuying,andotherpromotions.

SuccessfulbrandsinChinaareabletohandlemostoralloftheaboveconsiderations.Theconsumermustnotonlybedelightedwithyourproduct.Thejourneyoftheconsumermustalsorespectthesesocio-culturalaspects.12.What'smainlytalkedaboutinthepassage？______A.China'spopulationgrowingwealthier.

B.China'sfast-growingmarketeconomy.

C.Chinesesocio-culturalinfluencesonconsumerism.

D.Chineseconsumers'preferenceofqualitytoquantity.13.Whatdoesparagraph2focuson？______A.Shoppingonlineisanewexperience.

B.Consumptioncanbeareflectionoffreedom.

C.ForeignproductscanbepurchasedinChina.

D.Shoppingaroundtheworldisafavorablechoice.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"conspicuousconsumption"inparagraph3mean？______A.Theabilitytocoverone'srealneedsindailylife.

B.Spendingmoneyinordertokeepupwithothers.

C.Thepurchaseofexpensiveitemstodisplaystatus.

D.Buyingabundantgoodstoacquirepersonalidentity.15.WhydoestheauthorthinkFOMOisstrongerinChina？______A.Socialmediaplayabiggerroleintheirlives.

B.Followingthetrendiswhatpeoplelikebetter.

C.Chinesepeoplehavelesscontactwiththestrangers.

D.Confuciancultureislesslikelytoappreciateoutsiders.二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共12.5分。Don'tRuinHealthyEatingWhenYouTravel

I'venoticedthat，aspeoplebecomemoreconsciousofhowfoodaffectstheirhealth，leavinghomecansometimespresentchallengesfor.thosewhowanttokeepeatingwell.Herearesomesimplewaystoeatadventurouslyandwellwhileyou'reenjoyingthebestmomentsofyourtrip：

Planahead.Oftenwhenwe'retraveling，we'reoutofourroutineandaren'teatingatregularintervals.(16)Contrarytothepopularmyththatyoushouldholdoffeatingtosaveroomforabigmeal，goingforlongstretcheswithouteatingactuallycausesyourbodytobecometiredandhangontocalories.Packsnacksforeasyaccessnut，seedshard-boiledeggs，firmfruits.

Don'tforgetthegrocerystore.Asupermarket，especiallyalocalone，canbeyourbestplacetogethersomethingtocatwhiletraveling.(17)You'llfindawidervarietyofgreatfoodsthatarefreeoffat，dairy，andothercommonallergens（過敏素）atareasonablecost.

Drinkmorewaterthanyounormallydo.(18)Walkingaroundalldayexpendsenergyanddehydrates（脫水）yourbody.Oftenpeopledrinkalcoholorsodaswithmeals，andthesearealsodehydrating.Drinkingmorethanyourusualeightglassesofwateradaywillkeepyouenergized，hydrateyourcellsandkeepyourskinglowing.

Drinklosalcoholthaneveryonearoundyouisdrinking.Thiscanbechallenging，especiallyonbusinesstrips，wheredrinkingisafamiliarpastime.(19)

(20)Letyourselfhavetreats，andenjoythem--justkeepittoonceaday.Getthatgoodpieceofchocolatecake.Haveanextrahelpingofsteakfries.Orderthethingwithbutter，andloveeverysinglebite.Thenbedonewiththeless-than-healthyfood，andrememberthatyoualwayshaveanotherdayforthatonelittleindulgence（放縱）.

A.Justenjoythetreatsthatyoulike.

B.Trythe"one-and-done"rule.

C.Planesandhotelroomaregenerallydry.

D.Sometimeswecangoseveralhourswithouteatinganything.

E.However，drinkingtoomuchcanleadtomoreunhealthyeating.

F.You'llhaveeasy，cheapacestofreshproduceandhealthysnacks.

G.Planningaheadoftimealwaysyoutocontrolwhatgoesintoyourbody.16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空：本大題共15小題，共15分。GrowingupinMelbourne，Australia，Iwasoneofthosenaughtylittlekidsthatnever，everstoppedasking"Why？".Iusedtoaskmymumthemostannoyingquestions.Asa"why"kid，Ithoughteverything(21)canbechangedandIcouldmaketheworldbetter.

WhenIwasinmyhighschool，I(22)thechancetogotothePhilippinestolearnmoreduetomygood(23)atschool.ItwastherethatIbecamefriendswithSonny，wholivedon"SmokyMountain".Butdon'tlettheromance（浪漫）ofthatname(24)you，becauseitwas(25)apileofsteaminggarbagewherekidslikeSonnyspenthourseverysingledayfindinganythingof(26).

ThosedayswithSonnychangedmylifeforever.Ithoughttomyself，"Whyshouldanyonehaveto(27)likethiswhileIhavesomuch？WhyshouldSonny'slifebe(28)bywherehewasborn？"

Ilater(29)thatthepoverty（貧窮）I'dseeninthePhilippineswastheresultofdecisionsmadeornotmade.That's(30)，afewyearslater，IjoinedwithagroupofcollegefriendsinbringingtheMakePovertyHistorycampaigntoAustralia.Andtoour(31)，theAustraliangovernmentheardourvoicesandagreedtodoubleinvestmentandfixtheproblemmilesoutsideofourborders.

Overalltheseyears，I'vetriedtoreconnectwithSonny.(32)，I'vebeenunableto.I'dlovetositdownwithhim，whereverheis，and(33)withhimhowmuchthetimeIspenton"SmokyMountain"(34)me.Thankstohimandsomanyothers，Icametounderstandtheimportanceofbeingpartofagroupofpeoplewhoare(35)tomaketheworldbetter，whostandtogetherandembrace（擁抱）theamazingfutureoftheworldweshare.21.A.simple B.unfair C.new D.unfinished22.A.found B.obtained C.missed D.lost23.A.performance B.character C.English D.habit24.A.affect B.bother C.impress D.fool25.A.originally B.hardly C.actually D.certainly26.A.beauty B.cleanness C.interest D.value27.A.live B.say C.work D.study28.A.changed B.created C.determined D.challenged29.A.admitted B.explained C.doubted D.understood30.A.where B.why C.how D.when31.A.disappointment B.confusion C.amazement D.regret32.A.Sadly B.Luckily C.Surprisingly D.Obviously33.A.discuss B.debate C.share D.cooperate34.A.cheated B.inspired C.attracted D.amused35.A.hesitant B.shocked C.afraid D.willing四、語法填空：本大題共1小題，共15分。36.Today，muchoftheworld'soceanisstillamystery.

Sofar，only5percentofit(1)（explore）.Infact，weknowmoreaboutsomeareasofMarsthanthatoftheworld'socean.

However，(2)isnewtechnologythatishelpingscientistsexplorethesehiddenworlds.Forexample，scientistsareusinganunderwatervehicle(3)（call）DeepSeetoexploreseamountsunderwatermountains.ScientistshaveusedDeepSeetostudyLasGemelas.Thereareahugevarietyofspecies(4)（live）aroundLasGemelas.Someofthesespeciesmayhavechemicals(5)canhelppeoplefightillnesses.

(6)deepestlocationoftheearthistheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.Theoceanfloorthereisabout11，000metersdeep.In2012，filmmakerandexplorerJamesCameron(7)（reach）theMarianaTrenchinavehiclecalledDeepseeChallenger.Hewasthefirst(8)（complete）thejourneyalone.Camerontook(9)（photo）andmadevideosontheoceanfloor.

Deep-seaexplorationalsohelpsusinotherways.Forexample，wearelearninghowunderwaterearthquakescausetsunamis（海嘯）．AsCameronsays，"Thisisthebeginningof(10)（open）upanewfrontier."(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)五、書面表達：本大題共2小題，共40分。37.你校將舉辦演講比賽。請你以Volunteeringwillmakeabetteryou為題寫一篇發(fā)言稿參賽，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）陳述擔當志愿者的意義；

（2）提出相關建議并發(fā)出倡議。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；文章開頭不計入字數(shù)

（3）可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Hello，Everyone，mayIhaveyourattentionplease？

___________38.CharlesRoselivedinthecountrywithhisfather，whotaughthimtoreadandtowrite.Mr.Rosetoldhissonthat，whenhismorninglessonswereover，hemightamusehimselfforonehourashepleased.

Therewasarivernearby.Onitsbankstoodthehutofapoorfisherman，wholivedbysellingfish.HiscarefulwifekeptherwheelgoingCarlyandlate.Theybothworkedveryhardtokeepthemselvesabovewant.Buttheyweregreatlytroubledforfearthattheironlysonshouldneverlearntoreadandtowrite.Theycouldnotteachhimthemselves，andtheyweretoopoortosendhimtoschool.

Charlescalledatthehutofthisfishermanoneday，toinquireabouthisdog，whichwasmissing.Hefoundthelittleboy，whosenamewasJoe，sittingbythetable，onwhichhewasmakingmarkswithapieceofchalk.Charlesaskedhimwhetherhewasdrawingpictures.

"No.Iamtryingtowrite，"saidlittleJoe，"butIknowonlytwowords.ThoseIsawuponasign，andIamtryingtowritethem."

"IfIcouldonlylearntoreadandwrite，"saidhe，"Ishouldbethehappiestboyintheworld."

"ThenIwillmakeyouhappy，"saidCharles."Iamonlyalittleboy，butIcanteachyouthat.""Myfathergivesmeanhoureverydayformyself.Now，ifyouwilltrytolearn，youshall

soonknowhowtoreadandtowrite."

BothJoeandhismotherwerereadytofallontheirkneestothankCharles.Theytoldhimitwaswhattheywishedaboveallthings.

So，onthenextdaywhenthehourcame，Charlesputhisbookinhispocket，andwenttoteachJoe.Joelearnedveryfast，andCharlessoonbegantoteachhimhowtowrite.

Sometimeafter，agentlemancalledonMr.Rose，andsaid，"Charlesdidnotalwaysamusehimself.Ioftenseehimgotothehouseofthefisherman.Ifearhegoesoutintheirboat."

注意：1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；2．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

Themomentthegentlemanleft，Mr.Rosewentinsearchofhisson._________________

Thenextday，hisfathertookhimtotown，andgavehimbooksforhimselfandJoe，withwritingpaper，pens，andink.______________________(1)(2)

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、C、B【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FullProfessorinTheatreandDance部分的Significantprofessionalexperienceisrequired（需要具有很多的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗）可知，戲劇和舞蹈專業(yè)的正教授需要許多專業(yè)經(jīng)驗。故選D。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TechnicalDirectorinPerformingandFineArts部分DeSalesUniversity'sPerformingandFineArtsDepartmentseeksahighlyskilled，professionaltechnicaldirector（德薩勒斯大學的表演和美術系尋求一位高技能，專業(yè)的技術主任）和下面的Pleaseemailmaterialstojohn.bell@（請寄郵件到John.bell@.）可知，如果想做技術主任，可以聯(lián)系john.bell@.。故選C。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AssistantDirector-mediaResourcesCenter部分的MarylandInstituteCollegeofArtisseekinganAssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenterintheAcademicAffairsDivision（馬里蘭藝術學院正在尋找學術事務部媒體資源中心的助理主任）和QualificationsforthepositionincludeadegreeinArtHistoryorrelatedfieldswithaknowledgeofartanddesignhistory，libraryexperience，excellentinterpersonalandcommunicationskillsandfamiliaritywithPhotoshopandscanning（該職位的資格包括藝術史或相關領域的學位，具有藝術和設計史知識，圖書館經(jīng)驗，出色的人際關系和溝通技巧以及熟悉Photoshop和掃描）可知，需要人際溝通技巧的是MarylandInstituteCollegeofArt。故選B。

這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹4個職位招聘的信息和要求。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。4~7.【答案】A、D、B、B【解析】（1）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句"Hehadagoodjobandalifethere，buthegaveitalluptoreturntohomedrivenbytheideathatheneededtocontributetohiscountry.（他在那里有一份很好的工作和生活，但他放棄了一切回到了家鄉(xiāng)。他的想法是他需要為他的國家做貢獻。）"可知，黃大年從英國回到祖國是渴望為國家的發(fā)展貢獻自己的力量。故選A項。

（2）D.段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段末句"Huang'sdevotioncontributedtoChina'slunarprobe（月球探測器）Yutubeinglandedonthemoonin2013andthelaunchofthespacecraftsShenzhou-11andTiangong-2in2016.（黃大年的貢獻包括2013年中國的月球探測器'玉兔'登陸月球，以及2016年神舟十一號和天宮二號飛船的發(fā)射。）"并結合全段內(nèi)容可知，他開發(fā)的先進相機可以穿透地殼，這樣就可以在不深入地殼的情況下進行分析。他建立了一個先進的實驗室，正是這種激情和動力使黃大年把中國的深地探測技術推向了世界領先的地位。所以第二段主要講述黃大年對中國做出的巨大貢獻。故選D項。

（3）B.細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段"Hebeganhavingfaintingfits（昏厥）in2012，butpaidthemlttleattention，statinghedidnothavetimetogotoseeadoctor--hisworkalwayscamefirst.（在2012年他開始有暈厥發(fā)作。但很少注意，說他沒有時間去看醫(yī)生他的工作總是第一位的。）"及最后一段"Evenfromhishospitalbed，hecontinuedhiswork，writinglettersofreferenceforhiscllaguesandreplyingtoquestionsfromhisstudents.（即使躺在病床上，他也繼續(xù)工作，為同事們寫推薦信，回答學生們的問題。）"可知，他雖然患病暈厥住院但仍堅持工作。故選B項。

（4）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Hehadagoodjobandalifethere，buthegaveitalluptoreturntohomedrivenbytheideathatheneededtocontributetohiscountry.Asoneoftheworld'sleadingexpertsindeepearthexplorationtechnology，Huangwasinvitedtoparticipateinthe"ThousandTalent"programme.（他在那里有一份很好的工作和生活，但他放棄了一切回到了家鄉(xiāng)他的想法是他需要為他的國家做貢獻。）"可知，黃大年放棄英國的優(yōu)厚待遇回國為祖國發(fā)展盡力，他是愛國的。綜合最后兩段，他患重病仍堅持工作，教導學生，可知他是敬業(yè)的。因此B項非常準確地形容黃大年。A.Generousandhonest??慷慨和誠實的；B.Hardworking

and

determined.工作努力和意志堅定的；C.Modestandcourageous??謙虛勇敢的；D.Passionateandpatient??充滿激情和耐心的。故選B項。

這是一篇記敘文。介紹了中國著名地球物理學家黃大年的生平及他為祖國做出的貢獻。

閱讀理解，要先通讀全文，再結合題目到文章中針對性的尋找與題目相關的細節(jié)，抓關鍵詞、關鍵句，仔細推敲，結合選項，逐一排除，如是錯誤選項，一定要明白表達錯誤所在；如是正確選項，一定是完全符合原文作者所要表達的意思、觀點或想法，或與文章中某些細節(jié)完全相符。8~11.【答案】D、C、B、A【解析】（1）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，Whenwespeakonourphonesintheair，theycancauseinterferencetotheaircraft'sradiosandpilotscanhearthisinterferenceintheirheadphones.'It'sthesamenoiseyou'llbefamiliarwith，ifyouputyourmobiletooclosetoaspeaker.當我們在空中用手機通話時，它們會對飛機的無線電設備造成干擾，飛行員可以在耳機中聽到這種干擾。"如果你把手機放得離揚聲器太近的話，這和你熟悉的噪音是一樣的。可知，乘客在飛機上必須關閉手機的原因是使用電話可能會給飛行員帶來煩人的噪音，結合選項，故選D.

（2）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，AsUSscientistSvenBilenexplains，forthissystemtowork，thereare"built-in"expectations：Thereshouldn'tbetoomany'handoffs'andpeopleshouldn'tbetravelingfasterthancarspeeds.'Ofcourse，phoneusersshouldbeclosetotheground.'headded.Ifweweretomakephonecallswhileweflew，however，noneoftheseexpectationswouldbemet.Andevenworse，ourcellphoneswouldstopworking.如美國科學家斯文?比倫解釋說，為了讓這個系統(tǒng)工作，有"內(nèi)置"期望結論：不應該有太多"交接班"并且人們的旅行速度不應該超過汽車的速度。"當然，電話用戶應該靠近地面。可知，一共有三個內(nèi)置期望被提到來幫助打電話，分別是不應該有太多"交接班"、人們的旅行速度不應該超過汽車的速度、電話用戶應該靠近地面，共三個方面，結合選項，故選C.

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段，Inthefuture，asBilenpointsout，itmaybepossibleforairtravelerstomakeandreceivecallsfreely.Thebreakthroughcouldbe'picocells'，whicharesmallcelltowersontheplaneitself.未來航空旅客或許可以自由地撥打和接收電話。這項突破有可能是"picocells"飛機本身自帶的手機信號塔。可知，picocells有助于飛機上無障礙通話的實現(xiàn)，結合選項，故選B.

（4）A.文章來源題。根據(jù)文章第一段，Everytimewegetonaplane，we'reaskedtoeitherturnoffourphonesorchangethemtoflightmode-it'sfor"securityreasons"。ButaccordingtoTheConversationwebsite，havingtoturnourphonesoffonaplaneis"aserviceissue，notasafetyone"。每次上飛機，我們都會被要求關閉手機或將其切換到飛行模式，這是出于"安全原因"。但根據(jù)對話網(wǎng)站的說法，在飛機上必須關閉手機是"服務問題，而不是安全問題"?？芍?，本文章主要講了在飛機上需要關閉手機的原因以及未來對可以在飛機上撥打或接聽電話的期望。因此，該文文章應該來自一份報紙，結合選項，故選A.

這是一篇科教類閱讀，作者主要向我們介紹了在飛機上需要關閉手機的原因以及未來對可以在飛機上撥打或接聽電話的期望。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。12~15.【答案】C、B、C、D【解析】（1）C．主旨大意題。第一段提出"一些社會和文化因素推動中國的消費支出"，第二段講"在中國，消費主義與自由有關"，第三段講"在中國，消費主義是成功的象征"，第四段講"在中國，消費是集體經(jīng)驗的體現(xiàn)"，最后一段講"在中國成功的品牌都會考慮尊重消費者的這些社會文化方面"，可知文章主要講述了，在中國哪幾個社會和文化因素推動中國的消費支出，即中國社會文化對消費主義的影響。故選C.

（2）B．段落大意題。由第二段中的"Consumerismisrelatedtofreedom.Tohaveachoicemeanstohaveconsumerchoice.Youarewhatyouconsume.Consumptionisanexpressionofself.Itallowsyoutoexploretheworldthroughitsproducts,toexperimentwithlifestylechoices,andtodososafelyandanonymously（匿名地）."（消費主義與自由有關。有選擇就意味著有消費者的選擇。你就是你消費的東西。消費是自我的表現(xiàn)。它允許你通過它的產(chǎn)品探索世界，體驗生活方式的選擇，并且安全匿名地這樣做。）可知，第二段多強調(diào)消費與自由的關系，消費是自我的表現(xiàn)，通過消費，人們能得到自由，所以本段主要講消費可以是自由的反映。故選B.

（3）C．短語猜測題。由第三段"Consumerismisastatementofsuccess.AmericaneconomistThorsteinVeblenpopularizedtheconceptof"conspicuousconsumption".Whenconsumptionisnolongerdrivenonlybyneed,itbecomesawayofmakingastatementthatyouhavedisposable（可支配的）incomeandyoucan-atleastincertainrespects-enjoylifeonyourterms.Simplepleasures-apairofNikes,asmartphone,designerclothingbecomestatementsofpersonalidentity."（消費主義是成功的象征。美國經(jīng)濟學家ThorsteinVeblen推廣了"conspicuousconsumption"的概念。當消費不再僅僅是由需求驅動時，它就變成了一種表明你有可支配收入的方式，你至少可以在某些方面按照自己的條件享受生活。簡單的樂趣--一雙耐克鞋、一部智能手機、名牌服裝成為個人身份的象征。）可知，本段主要講，當消費不再僅僅是由需求驅動時，消費就成為了一種成功的象征，人們會用消費購買一些昂貴的物品來彰顯自己的個人身份，此時的消費成為了一種獲得個人身份地位的炫耀性消費，conspicuousconsumption在此處意為"購買昂貴物品以獲得個人身份"。故選C.

（4）D．細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的"Welikeparticipatingingroupevents.FOMO，theFearofMissingOut,goesbeyondcultures.ButIsuspectthistrendisstrongerinChinathanintheWestbecauseConfucianculturedoesnotcelebrateoutliersastheWestdoes."（我們喜歡參加團體活動。對錯過的恐懼（FOMO）超越了文化。但我懷疑這種趨勢在中國比在西方更強烈，因為儒家文化不像西方那樣推崇異類。）可知，F(xiàn)OMO這種趨勢在中國很強烈，是因為儒家文化不太可能欣賞外來者。故選D.

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了哪幾個社會和文化因素推動中國的消費支出。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。16~20.【答案】D、F、C、E、B【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前一句Often

when

we're

traveling，we're

out

of

our

routine

and

aren't

eating

at

regular

intervals.

（通常當我們在旅行時，我們會脫離我們的常規(guī)，不按固定的時間間隔吃東西。）可知，D項Sometimes

we

can

go

several

hours

without

eating

anything.（有時我們可以幾個小時不吃東西。）符合語境。故選D。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文A

supermarket，especially

a

local

one，can

be

your

best

place

together

something

to

cat

while

traveling.

（超市，尤其是當?shù)氐某校赡苁悄懵眯袝r最好的購物場所。）可知，本段建議我們在旅途中可以逛一下當?shù)厣痰?。F項You'll

have

easy，cheap

aces

to

fresh

produce

and

healthy

snacks.（你可以輕松、便宜地獲得新鮮的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和健康的零食。）符合語境。故選F。

（3）推理判斷題。本段小標題Drink

more

water

than

you

normally

do（比平常多喝水）建議我們旅游時要比平時多喝水，接著講原因。C項Planes

and

hotel

room

are

generally

dry.（飛機上和旅館里一般很干燥）符合語境。故選C。

（4）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文This

can

be

challenging，especially

on

business

trips，where

drinking

is

a

familiar

pastime.

（這可能是一個挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是在商務旅行中，喝酒是一種常見的消造。）可知，E項However，drinking

too

much

can

lead

to

more

unhealthy

eating.（然而，飲酒過多會導致更不健康的