動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)-2021年新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法及題型大全 （含答案）

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

準(zhǔn)確確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的“四個(gè)依據(jù)”

依據(jù)一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，顧名思義就是指動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在不同時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式，因此時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)

態(tài)的最直接的決定因素。

依據(jù)二參照動(dòng)詞

當(dāng)題干中沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不能完全決定所填動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)由

其參照動(dòng)詞來(lái)決定。

依據(jù)三句意或語(yǔ)境

當(dāng)題干中無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及參照動(dòng)詞，或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和參照動(dòng)詞都不能確定所填動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，所填動(dòng)詞的

時(shí)態(tài)由題干的具體意思或動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的語(yǔ)境來(lái)決定。

依據(jù)四固定句式

英語(yǔ)中有一些句式的時(shí)態(tài)常常很固定，如果題干中出現(xiàn)這類(lèi)句式，考生應(yīng)注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)

態(tài)。

1.Itisthefirst/second/...timethatsb.has/havedone...

2.Itwasthefirst/second/…timethatsb.haddone...

3.Sb.was/weredoingsth.when...did...

4.Hardly/Scarcelyhadsb.donesth.when...did...

5.Sb.beabouttodosth.when...did...

6.Ifs（high）timethatsb.didsth./shoulddosth.

準(zhǔn)確確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的“八項(xiàng)注意”

1.注意上下文中時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致：若上文是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則下文一般用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；若上文是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則

下文一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

2.注意看主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，確定語(yǔ)態(tài)。

①被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式：

a.一般時(shí)：bedone;

b.進(jìn)行時(shí)：bebeingdone;

c.完成時(shí)：has/have/hadbeendone（.

②“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中be動(dòng)詞不可遺漏。

③及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）之后若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；不及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

3.注意解題時(shí)要首先找出句子的主語(yǔ)，然后確定主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，如主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，動(dòng)詞則

用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。只有及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。系動(dòng)詞和不及物

動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

4.注意牢記?？嫉膸追N時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

(1)①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aredone；

②一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/weredone；

③一般將來(lái)時(shí)：willbedone；

④過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：wouldbedone；

⑤現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/arebeingdone；

⑥過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeingdone；

⑦現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：has/havebeendone；

⑧過(guò)去完成時(shí)：hadbeendone。

(2)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedoneo

(3)牢記?？嫉牟患拔飫?dòng)詞，如：happen>occur>belongto等。

5.注意熟用技巧1慧眼識(shí)別標(biāo)識(shí)詞

在高考語(yǔ)法填空中，有時(shí)會(huì)給出時(shí)間標(biāo)志，考生可根據(jù)所給標(biāo)識(shí)詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)輕松得出答案。

①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：sometimes>everyweek/day/year/morning等。

②一般過(guò)去時(shí)：yesterday>lastweek/night/year/month>theotherday>in+過(guò)去的年份、時(shí)間段+ago、時(shí)

間段+later等。

③現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：look、listen>now^atpresentsatthismoment/time等。

④過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：atthattime/moment等。

⑤一般將來(lái)時(shí)：tomorrow>nextweek/year>in+時(shí)間段、inthefuture等。

⑥將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：atsix/thistimetomorrow等。

⑦現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)、recently、latelyalreadysofar^eversince>untilnow>upto/until/bynow、

now、during/over/inthelast/past+時(shí)間段、in/overrecent+時(shí)間段等。

⑧過(guò)去完成時(shí)：bythen>untilthen、by/before/tilltheendof+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)等。

6.注意熟用技巧2參考語(yǔ)境和并列謂語(yǔ)

⑴語(yǔ)境理解少不了：

題干中沒(méi)給出具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)仔細(xì)分析設(shè)空處所在句前后句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，弄清動(dòng)作發(fā)生

的時(shí)間及順序，確定所填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。

⑵瞻前顧后找并列：

①可根據(jù)并列連詞and、but、or>aswellas>ratherthan>both...and...、neither...nor...>either...or...A

notonly...butalso…等前后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式確定所填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；②同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上

的并列謂語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要一致。

7.注意熟用技巧3主從句時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng)

①在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)

去時(shí)。

②在賓語(yǔ)從句中，如主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)；從句表客觀事實(shí)或真理，用一般現(xiàn)在

時(shí)。

8.注意熟用技巧4固定句式要牢記，

①祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陳述句，陳述句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

②This/It/Thatis+the+序數(shù)詞+time+(that)從句，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

③This/It/Thatwas+ihe+序數(shù)詞+time+(that)從句，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

@Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+sincesb./sth.did...

@Itis(high)timesb./sth.did...

@was/weredoingsth.whensb./sth.did

?nosooner/hardlyhadsb.donesth.than/whensb./sth.did

⑧bythetime+sb./sth.did,主語(yǔ)+haddone

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)一各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法

考點(diǎn)一一般時(shí)態(tài)

（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1.表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞（詞組）always,everytime,now

andthen,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually,everyday/night等連用。

（陜西卷）OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20

miles.

2.按時(shí)間表、時(shí)刻表、日程表等安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,

begin,come,close等動(dòng)詞。

Theshopclosesat11：00p.m.everyday.

3.如果主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

（江蘇卷）Thepresidenthopesthatthepeoplewillbebetteroffwhenhequitsthanwhenhestarted.

【名師點(diǎn)津】

動(dòng)詞第三人稱的構(gòu)成

work—worksget—>gets

一般情況直接加-S

say—saysread一reads

結(jié)尾為-sh,-ch或-o,在詞discuss—discusses

尾加-eswash—washesfix一fixes

teach—>teachesgo—>goes

結(jié)尾為“輔音字母+y”，變y為carry—>carriesstudy—studies

i再加-estry—>triesfly-^-fliescry—cries

（二）一般過(guò)去時(shí)

1.表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與often,usually,seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用。還可

以表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系，常與yesterday,theotherday,lastweek,

thedaybeforeyesterday等過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

（2019?江蘇卷）AfewmonthsafterhehadarrivedinChina,Mr.Smithfellinlovewiththepeopleandculturethere.

2.有些句子，雖然沒(méi)有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上指的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般

過(guò)去時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有know,think,expect,want等。

（全國(guó)卷I）Edward,youplaysowell.ButIdidn'tknowyouplayedthepiano.

【名師點(diǎn)津】

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成

work一worked

一般情況在動(dòng)詞后加-edplay—>played

want—wanted

hope—hoped

以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-d

like—liked

以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ystudy—>studied

為i再加-edtry—>tried

stop-stopped

以重讀閉音節(jié)或/r/音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾

prefer—?preferred

只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔

admit—>admitted

音字母再加-ed

permit—permitted

（三）一般將來(lái)時(shí)

1.“shall/wiH+動(dòng)詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來(lái)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow,

nextyear,ind—段時(shí)間等連用。其中shall通常用于第一人稱，will通常用于各種人稱。“will+動(dòng)詞原形”還

可以表示說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定。

（1匕京卷）Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessin

theend.

（北京卷）一Whattimeisit?

—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,Iwillcheckitforyou.

2.“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。

（陜西卷）Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,isgoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.Look,darkclouds

aregathering.ltisgoingtorainsoon,Ithink.

3.“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；也可表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、意圖、禁止等。

Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.

Ameetingistobeheldat3o'clockthisafternoon.

4.“beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事，該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，可以和并

列連詞when（=andatthis/thattime）引導(dǎo)的從句連用。

（全國(guó)卷II）Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowswhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.

考點(diǎn)二進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

（一）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

I.表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，雖然此時(shí)此刻該動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行。

（江蘇卷）Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.

2.表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear,runout等，可用

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生或計(jì)劃要做的事。

（重慶卷）Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenareaarerunningout.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'snone

left.

（二）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)atthat

time,atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,atteno'clockyesterday等連用。

（1匕京卷）Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandwasworkingasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedher

lastyear.

2.表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，常與when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。

（北京卷）Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.

（三）將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如atthistime

tomorrow,bythen,from1：30to4：30tomorrow等。

（天津卷）Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeteachingaclassatthattime.

【名師點(diǎn)津】

動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成

work—working

一般情況在詞尾直接加-ing

study—studying

write—writing

以不發(fā)音的?e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去e再加-ingtake—taking

face—>facing

“輔音+元音+輔音''結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)cut—>cutting

詞，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)詞begin—>beginning

尾輔音字母，再加-ingswim—>swimming

run—running

put—putting

plan一planning

sit一sitting

lie—lying

以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變-ie為y再加?ing

die—dying

考點(diǎn)三完成時(shí)態(tài)

（一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1.表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)到說(shuō)話時(shí)剛剛完成或結(jié)束，而對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有

already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,inthelast（past）fewdays/years,uptonow,tillnow,sofar等。

（2019?江蘇卷）Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiventenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.

2.表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始而延續(xù)至今（可能還要延續(xù)下去）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段

等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。

一Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?

—Sorry,Ihaven'tplayedthepianoforyears.

（陜西卷）Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.

3.在條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)某時(shí)間前己完成的動(dòng)作。

Willyoucometomyofficewhenyouhavefinishedyourwork?

【名師點(diǎn)津】

一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

一般過(guò)去時(shí)用于敘述過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)

所敘述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)或某段時(shí)間，該動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

可能對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，也可能一直持續(xù)下去

Mr.SmithhaslivedinBeijingfor5years.（現(xiàn)在還在北京住著）

Mr.SmithlivedinBeijingfor5years.（現(xiàn)在已不在北京）

（二）過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去。句中一般有明確的表示

“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（從句）。但在語(yǔ)法填空題中很多時(shí)候需要通過(guò)上下文來(lái)判斷。

（遼寧卷）BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhadgraduatedfromcollege.

2.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去的另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有before,bythen,

bythattime,bytheendof,bythetime+從句等。

（北京卷）IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.

3.表示“愿望，打算”的動(dòng)詞（如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend）用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)

去本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或計(jì)戈h

（2019"天津卷）IhadhopedtosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanageit.

【名師點(diǎn)津】

常使用完成時(shí)的句型

（1）This/It/Thatisthefirst/...time+thatsb.has/havedone；This/It/Thatwasthefirst/...time+thatsb.haddone這是

某人第幾次做某事。

（2）It/Thisis/wasthe+最高級(jí)+名詞+（that）定語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)用完成時(shí)。

（3）Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+sincesb.did；Itwas/hadbeenH—段時(shí)間+sincesb.haddoneslh.自從某人做某事

以來(lái)多久了。

（4）hardly/scarcely...when.../nosooner...than...

-……就……。主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

考點(diǎn)四完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

考綱對(duì)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的要求為考生須掌握現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或產(chǎn)生的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去，常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

有allthismorning,thismonth,thesefewdays,since和for引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句等。

（湖南卷）I'mtiredout.IhavebeenshoppingallafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.

（北京卷）Tomhasbeenworkinginthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.

2.所表示的動(dòng)作有時(shí)并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。

（口匕京卷）Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessin

theend.

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)二被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

考點(diǎn)一被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，be動(dòng)詞有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。“get+過(guò)去分詞”也

可以表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語(yǔ)化。

考點(diǎn)二被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用場(chǎng)合：

1.不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；

2.需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。

（江蘇卷）Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminalswillhavebeeninstalledby2022fortheBeijingWinter

Olympics.

（北京卷）Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodays.

【名師點(diǎn)津】

⑴有些及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：have有；cost花費(fèi)；lack缺少；own擁有；belongto

屬于；takepartin參加。

(2)不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：happen/takeplace/occur發(fā)生；remain剩下；breakout

爆發(fā)；last持續(xù)；comeout出版；comeup提出；loseheart失去信心；datefrom/backto追溯到；runout用完。

考點(diǎn)三主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)意義

1.“系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,look,smell,appear,seem,turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep等+形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成

系表結(jié)構(gòu)，常常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

Thiskindofwoolshirtfeelssoftandsellswell.

2.當(dāng)sell,read,cut,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物動(dòng)詞后帶狀語(yǔ)(well,easily等)修飾，用來(lái)表示

主語(yǔ)的屬性、特征或功能時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

Haveyouboughtthebookthatsellswellthesedays?Ithink,itissuitableforusteenagers.

當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練

L高考真題診斷?單句語(yǔ)法填空

1.(2020全國(guó)II)ChineseNewYeariaacelebrationmarkingtheendofthewinterseasonandthe

beginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers(carry)specialsignificance

2.(2019全國(guó)HI)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we(invite)toattenda

privateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeeting

interestinglocals.

3.(2019?全國(guó)卷I)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut(report)increases

inbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.

4.(2019?全國(guó)卷HI)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand(recommend)wonderfulplacesto

eat,shop,andvisit.

5.(2019?全國(guó)卷II)Pickingupher"Li住timeAchievement"award,proudIrene(declare)

shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oIdbusiness.

n.精選典題動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)題對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練?單句語(yǔ)法填空

6.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernment(start)a

soil-testingprogrammethatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizeruse

droppedby7.7milliontons.

7.Silk(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100B.C.

8.Onthefirstdayofmygrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I(voice)mybiggest

concerntomymother,4tHowwillImakefriends?”

9.Inthelastfewyears,China(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.

10.Steamengines(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,

withallthesmokeandnoise.

11.Sarah(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.

12.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.

13.Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.

14.1wassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.

15.AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild,fewpeopleguessedthathe(be)afamousscientist

whosetheorieswouldchangetheworld.

Ill.精選典題動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)題對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練?短文語(yǔ)法填空

MybestfriendKaiyaislikeme.She21.(remind)meofmyself.Inthepast,I22.(be)never

confidentbecauseofmyappearance.Peoplealwayslaughedatmyweight,myheight,myhairstyle,etc.Atthat

time,Iwastheshorteststudentinmyclass.Istartedgettingdepressed.However,SomeonetoldmesomethingthatI

willalwaysremember,

ItwasinMarch.Surroundedbyagroupofgirlswho23.(point)atmeandlaughedatme,Icouldn't

helpcrying.Thetearsrolleddownmyfacelikearushingriver.Tomysurprise,someoneliftedmyheadupand

wipedthetearsfrommyeyes.

IthenknewitwasourEnglishteacher,MissLi.Shesaid,“you24.(be)perfectthewayyouare.You

shouldneverchangeorhateyourself.People25.(accept)youforwhoyou26.(be).Butifyou

cannotacceptyourself,thenhowwillotherpeopleacceptyou."I27.(inspire)byherwords.

Overthepastfewmonths,I28.(learn)thatnooneisperfectandthatweallhaveflaws.NowIhave

wonderfulfriendswho29.(love)meforwhoIam.

Now,seeingKaiyacry,IdecidetotellherthesamethingMissLi30.(tell)me.

課后作業(yè)

1

Althoughyoucanpossiblygetbyasatouristinweeks,masteringalanguageisalong-termcommitment

takingyears,notmonths.TheFSIhasclassifiedlanguagesindegreesofdifficultyfbrEnglishspeakers.Chinese

takesapproximately88weeksor2,200hoursrankingtop5alongwithArabic,KoreanandJapanese.

EachChinesedialectiseffectivelyanotherlanguagebutMandarin(PutonghuainChinese,whichmeansthe

commonlanguage)isconsideredtheofficialtongueinmodernChina.Theyallshareroughlyoneevolvingwriting

system,referredtoaswrittenlanguageinventedforadministeringalarge,diverseempire.

Tocomplicate(使復(fù)雜)thematterfurther,therearetwomaintypesofwrittenChinesecharactersunderthe

samewritingsystem:thetraditionalChineseusedinHongKongandTaiwanandthesimplifiedChinesein

mainlandChina.Forexample,flyiswrittenas來(lái)intraditionalChineseand飛insimplifiedChinese.They're

basicallythesamecharacterwrittenintwodifferentwaysbutpronounceddifferentlywhenspokenindifferent

dialects.

EachwrittenwordwhenspokenismutuallyincomprehensiblebetweenaMandarinspeakerinBeijinganda

CantonesespeakerinHongKong.Ifyouthinkthafsodd,considerournumbersystem:thesymbol"9”is

universallyrecognizedbutit'spronounced“nine"inEnglishand“devet“inSlovenian.

Everywordmustbememorizedseparatelyasyoucan'tguessitspronunciationfromthescript-butonecould

saythesameofEnglishifyouconsiderplough,doughandtough.

Meanwhile,dictionarieslistwordsaccordingtostroke(筆畫(huà))counl.Thesegofromonetoover60strokes.The

archaiccharacterzhe-whichappropriately,means“verbose”-has64strokes.

Andthentherearethepronunciationchallenges.TherearefourtonesinMandarin:highpitch(sayGina

musicalscale),risingpitch(likefromCtoG),falling(fromGtoC)andfallinglowthenrising(CtoBtoG)-andif

youthinkthat'sdifficult,thereareninetonesinCantonese.InMandarin,thereisawholepoem,“TheLion-Eating

PoetintheStoneDen“withjustthesyllable"shi"repeated107timesinvarioustones.Inotherwords,ifyouare

tone-deafyoumightaswellgiveupnow.

1.WhatdoallChinesedialectshaveincommon?

A.Theywereinventedbytheemperor.

B.Theyhavethesamewritingsystem.

C.Theyevolveinthesameway.

D.Theyservethesamepurpose.

2.Whydoestheauthormentionthesymbol"9"inParagraph4?

A.ToprovedifferentpronunciationsofChinesedialects

B.Toindicatethesimilaritiesinalllanguages.

C.ToshowthatChineseisanoddlanguage.

D.TocompareEnglishwithSlovenian.

3.Whatchallengedoestheauthorthinkisdifficulttoovercome?

A.Complicatedscriptsandstrokes.

B.Differenttypesofcharacters.

C.Varioustones.

D.Toomanydialects.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Chinesehasdifferentdialects.

B.Chineseisverydifficulttolearn.

C.Chineseisanever-developinglanguage.

D.Chinesesoundslikemusicandpoems.

2

ResearchershaveconfirmedthatthereareseveraleffectivemethodsforcleaningtheN95maskswornby

healthprofessionalsothattheycanbeusedmorethanonce,theNationalInstitutesofHealthannouncedWednesday.

Aresearchalreadyshowedthatthemasks,designedforone-timeuse,canbereusedinacrisis.AndtheCenters

forDiseaseControlandPreventioninMarchauthorizedreusebecauseofshortagesdrivenbytheCovid-19

pandemic.

Noneoftheserulesormethodsareintendedfortheclothmasksrecommendedorinsomelocationsrequired

forusebyeveryoneinpublic.

Earlierresearchhadnot,ofcourse,involvedthenewcoronavirus.Thenewresearchdeterminedwhichcleaning

proceduresweremosteffective.

N.LH.publicizedthestudybecauseitcouldbehelpfultohealthcareprofessionalsinthecrisis.Dr.Munsterand

hiscolleaguestestedfourmethodsofkillingthevirus:UVlight,dryheat,vaporizedhydrogenperoxide（YHP）（汽化

過(guò)氧化氫）andelhyl（乙醇）alcohol.Ofthosemethods,由eydidnotrecommendethylalcoholbecausealthoughit

killedthevirus,itdegradedthemaskmaterial.

Vaporizedhydrogenperoxide,amethodoftenavailableinlargehospitals,waseffective,andleftthemasksstill

functioningforatleastthreeroundsofcleaning,asdidUVlight.

Dryheat,at70C,waseffective,butthemaskswithstoodonlytworoundsofcleaning.Dr.Munstersaid

that"vaporizedhydrogenperoxidewouldbethemethodofchoiceifthat'savailable."However,hesaid,anursing

homemightnothavethat,whilefordryheat,what'sneededisbasicallyanoven.

AnotherrecentstudyfromCanadianresearchersconfirmedthevalueofcleaning.ltincludedmasksofdifferent

brandsandfoundthatthematerialofthemaskwasstilleffectiveafter10roundsofvaporizedhydrogenperoxide

cleaning.

ThefindingsareintendedtobeusefulforhealthcareworkerswearingN95masks.Withpersonalprotective

equipmentinshortsupplyatmanyoverwhelmedhospitals,somefront-lineworkershavecomplainedthatmasks

wererationed.

ThepublichasbeenadvisednottouseortrytobuyN95masksbecausetheywouldbepreventinghealthcare

workersfromhavinglifesavingequipment.

5.OfthedifferentcleaningproceduresofN95masks,whichoneistheleasteffective?

A.UVlightB.dryheat

C.vaporizedhydrogenperoxide(VHP)D.ethylalcohol

6.Inadictionary,theunderlinedword”ration“hasthe.followingexplanations.Whichexplanationdoyouthinkagrees

withthecontext?

A.afixedallowanceofsomethingthatisscarce

B.theamountofsomethingonenormallyhas

C.toassigntosomeoneforaparticularpurpose.

D.torestrictthedistributionofsomething

7.Whafsthemainideaofthepassage?

A.ThepublichasbeenadvisednottouseN95masks.

B.ThehealthcareworkersareingreatneedofN95masks.

C.N.LH.announcedN95maskscanbereusedifcleanedeffectively.

0.Personalprotectiveequipmentisinshortsupplyatmanyhospitals.

3

Ihearsomeactorskeepasadthoughtormemorytuckedawaytohelpthemwithsceneswheretheymight

needtocry.Ithinkweshouldeachtrytofindtheopposite;ahappymemory,somethingtoliftusuponthose

inevitabledowndays.TmsayingthisbecauseIthinkIjustfoundmine!

IhadsomeworkinGlasgowtoday.Iwasonareallytightschedule,whichmeantIwouldhavenotimefor

myself(ormyownwork)allday.Iwashavingoneofthosedays,thetrainwascompletelypackedoutandthe

conversationgoingonaroundmeseemedtobeparticularlyinane.Ontopofallthat,Ihadabitofaheadache.

Walkingbrisklyacrosstheconcourse,Ifishedsomechangefrommypocket.Therewasusuallysomeoneat

theexitsellingTheBigIssue(amagazinethathelpshomelessfolkearnaliving).

Asthecrowdpartedwaysatthebottomoftheconcourse,IsawsomeonesellingtheBigIssue.Youhadtobe

homelesstoselltheBigIssue.Shereallylookedlikeshe'dbeensleepingrough.Herclotheswereraggedandshe

obviouslyhadn'thadascrubupforquiteawhile.

AsIapproachedtheexit,Isawthatshewasalsorockingfromsidetoside.AtfirstIthoughtmaybeshewas

tryingtokeepwarmagainstthebitingwind.Butshewasn't,shewasmovingintimetoatune.1couldn'thearher,

butIcouldseeherlipsmoving.

AsIgotcloser,Isawawhitecanehangingfromherelbowandnoticedthatshehadsunkeneyes.Shewas

blind,dirtyandlivingonthestreets.IcamecloserandthroughthenoiseofthetrafficandthecommutersIheard

hersingtheimmortalline,u...andIthinktomyself,whatawonderfulworld!”

IboughtherlastmagazinefbrtwicewhatI'doriginallyintended.Shethankedme,thenshepickedupherstuff

andwenttappingoffalongthepavement-stillsinging!

So,Ihavemyhappymemoryfortheday.AndIthinkitwillstaywithmealong,longtime.Feelfreeto

borrowitifyoulike.

8.Whydosomeactorskeepasadthoughtormemoryaccordingtothepassage?

A.BecausesomeofthemalwaysfeelunhappyB.becausetheyarescoldedbythedirector

C.BecauseithelpsmeettheneedsoftheirrolesD.Becausetheycan'tfindahappymemory

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fished"inpara3referto?

A.MadeB.exchangedC.pullintoD.tookout

10.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaccordingtothepassage?

A.Onlythosehomelesspeoplecansellthemagazine

B.Theauthorheardhersingingashecameclosetotheexit

C.Thegirlsellingthemagazineswasblind,dirtyandhomeless

D.Theauthorneverheardwhatthegirlwassinging

1Litcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

A.theauthorhadaheadachebecauseofhisbusywork

B.theauthorboughtmoremagazinesthanplannedto

C.thegirlwentawayassoonasshesoldoutmagazines

D.theauthorfeltunhappybecausehemissedhistrain

12.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AhappyMemorytoLiftYouUp

B.AnUnforgettableDayIExperienced

C.TheRosesinHerHand:theFlavorinMine

D.ABirdintheHandisWorththanTwointheBush.

4

PersonalgrowthwouldbeagoodwaytosumupTarikBlack.Indeed,atthisverymoment,theman

himselfissportingaskicapwiththewords“BeMore”onit,whichhetakestoheart.

WhilemanyotherformerNBAplayerswouldbebusypaddingtheirownpockets,hehastakentheopposite

approach:creatingacharitytohelpunderprivilegedyouthintheU.S.TheTarikBlackFoundationaimstoinspire

kidsandpreparethemtobecomesuccessfuladults.TheorganizationisbasedinMemphis,whereTarikBlackgrew

upandplayedcollegebasketball.

Sure,theyofferabasketballsummercamp,buttheyalsotrainteenagershowtoputonatieandperformwell

atajobinterview."Wetakethemtoapartmentbuildingsandteachthemaboutwhatyoushouldlookforin

purchasinganapartment,nhetellsme/'Wetakethemouttonicedinnersandteachthemtablemanners.

TheyorganizedanartshowinLosAngeleswheretheteenagersgotdressedformallyandlearnedhowto

socializewithothers.InHouston,theypartneredwiththeNationalTennisAssociationforacharityevent.

“MymotherwoulddrivemearoundMemphisandshowmepeoplewhoaregrowingupincircumstancesthat

don*thaveopportunities.Shewouldalwaystellme,'Ifyouevergetachancetogivebacktothesepeople,thenyou

must,'1hesays,leaningbackintothechair.

ThefamilymovedtoIsraelinthesummerof2018,whenBlacksig