新教材2024版高中英語Unit1ScienceandScientistsPeriod1ReadingandThinking課時作業(yè)新人教版選擇性必修第二冊

UNIT1PeriodOne基礎練Ⅰ．單詞拼寫1．Customsofficialshavemadeaseriesof__________(相互矛盾的)statementsabouttheequipment.2．However，whenshehungup，sheregrettedthewayshehad__________(處理)thecall.3．Shehadnoreasonto__________(懷疑)thatSylviahadnottoldthetruth.4．Theboydiedof__________(數(shù)量多的)injuries,andeveryoneherefeltsadforhim.5．Weimport__________(生的；未加工的)materialsandenergyandexportmainlyindustrialproducts.6．Themediaputtheireverydecisionunderthe__________(顯微鏡).7．Manypoor__________(家庭)areexperiencingrealhardship.8．Populationgrowthis__________(減少)by1．4%eachyear.9．Inremoteregions,theairis____________(純的；干凈的)andthecropsarefreeofpoisonousinsecticides.10．Official__________(數(shù)據(jù))showrealwagesdecliningby24%.【答案】1．contradictory2．handled3．suspect4．multiple5．raw6．microscope7．households8．decreasing9．pure10．statisticsⅡ．單句語法填空1．Cheerup!Youneedn’tfeel________(frustrate)atyourfailureintheexam.2．Manypeoplefelthewouldbehostiletotheideaofforeign__________(intervene).3．Thesearejustsome________(proof)thatwecoulddofortheprogram.4．Theseevents________(severe)affectourenvironmentaswellashumanhealth.5．Carbonemissionsfromhumanactivitiesarepartlytoblame________ourwarmingplanet.6．Officialssaythatfewcitizensareinfected________thevirusowingtoeffectivepreventionnow.【答案】1．frustrated2．intervention3．proofs4．severely5．for6．with提升練閱讀理解(2022·全國高考乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand，atthesametime，helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎設施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh－tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected，themorerailwaysafety，reliabilityandon－timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance，includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies，dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher－valueservicesforrailways，detectingfaultsintherailorswitches，beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks，dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain，andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco－pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead，theycouldsignalanyproblem，sothatfast－movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.()1．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B．Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D．Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.()2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“maintenance”inParagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety. B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair. D．Constructionofinfrastructure.()3．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning.B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D．Toacceleratetransportation.()4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。應用今天的“空中之眼”的技術，無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。1．A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh－tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.”可知，使用無人機檢查高壓電力線路使無人機應用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A。2．C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance，includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.”可知，花在maintenance上的費用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure(檢查和維修鐵路基礎設施)”，由此可知，“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，畫線詞和C項：Inspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。3．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept：theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrack