2023年高等教育教育類自考-00830現(xiàn)代語言學考試歷年參考核心考點薈萃附答案

（圖片大小可任意調(diào)節(jié)）2023年高等教育教育類自考-00830現(xiàn)代語言學考試歷年參考核心考點薈萃附答案第一卷一.參考題庫(共20題)1.Alinguafranca2.InEnglish，longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i：/，thelarynxisinastateoftension.3.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageis（）.A、rootB、affixC、stemD、morpheme4.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis（）.A、arbitraryB、non-arbitraryC、logicalD、non-productive5.Ar（）isoftenseenaspartofaword，butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear，definitemeaning.6.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberof（）toformacompletestatement,（）orcommand.7.Inflectionalaffixes8.Accent9.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina（）formula“S→NPVP”.A、hierarchicalB、linearC、treediagramD、vertical10.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample，ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian，withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm（）.11.WhatistheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?12.Thepairofwords“l(fā)end”and“borrow”are（）.A、gradableantonymsB、converseantonymsC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms13.Whatisthedifferencebetweenacquisitionandlearning?Illustratewithexamples.14.Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.15.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized，thatofanu（）isconcreteandcontext-dependent.16.Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso（）.A、phonemesB、morphemesC、allophonesD、phones17.Thepairofwords“l(fā)end”and“borrow”are（）.A、gradableoppositesB、relationaloppositesC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms18.（）dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.A、LinguisticgeographyB、LexicologyC、LexicographyD、Sociolinguistics19.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.20.Hyponymsofthesame（）areco-hyponyms.A、wordB、lexicalitemC、superordinateD、hyponym第二卷一.參考題庫(共20題)1.Accordingtothewaysantonymsdiffer,howmanygroupscanweclassifyantonymsinto?2.ethnicdialect3.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples. re-;un-;anti-;super-;-wise;-itis;-ize;-age4.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof5morphemes.5.sociolect6.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.7.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageofthetenbillionnervecellscalled（）.A、neuronsB、nervesystemC、nervesD、cerebralcortex8.Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningare（）.A、synonymsB、hyponymsC、antonymsD、homophones9.suprasegmentalfeatures10.（）referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.A、LinguistictabooB、EuphemismC、AddresstermD、Slang11.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.12.Whatarethedesignfeaturesoflanguage?13.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?14.Morphology15.Thegreatsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundinthe（）cavity.A、nasalB、oralC、lungD、glottis16.subvocalspeech17.Ac（）sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses，oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.18.blending19.Speechcommunity20.Language第三卷一.參考題庫(共20題)1.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas（）.A、+animate，+male，+human，+adultB、+animate，+male，+human，-adultC、+animate，-male，+human，-adultD、+animate，-male，+human，+adult2.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother，wemayregardthoughtas“subvocalspeech，”andspeechas“（）”.A、vocalthoughtB、subvocalthoughtC、covertthoughtD、overtthought3.contrastiveanalysis4.（）morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.A、FreeB、BoundC、RootD、Affix5.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled（）word.A、apolysemousB、asynonymousC、anabnormalD、amultiple6.Thesentencestructureis（）.A、onlylinearB、onlyhierarchicalC、complexD、bothlinearandhierarchical7.acculturation8.（）producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.A、Broca’saphasicB、ThelinguisticdeprivationC、ThedamageontheangulargyrusD、Wernicke’saphasic9.Senseisconcernedwiththe（）meaningofthelinguisticform.A、contextualB、realC、behavioristD、inherent10.Anillocutionaryact11.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning（）isconsidered.A、referenceB、speech

actC、contextD、practicalusage12.Morphologyistranslatedas形態(tài)學。13.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld，wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties，b（）inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.14.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“l(fā)ight”.Thisshows:（）.A、Theycannotpronounce/n/B、Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueC、TheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodD、Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds15.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,（）referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.A、paroleB、performanceC、langueD、language16.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.17.Linguistics18.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”，and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.19.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition，unlikeentailment，isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.20.ThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein（）andvocabulary.A、usageB、grammarC、pronunciationD、structure第一卷參考答案一.參考題庫1.正確答案:Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefromdiverselinguisticbackgrounds.2.正確答案:正確3.正確答案:D4.正確答案:A5.正確答案:root6.正確答案:words；question7.正確答案:Inflectionalaffixesorinflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.8.正確答案:Accentreferstoawayofpronunciationwhichtellsthelistenersomethingaboutthespeaker’sregionalorsocialbackground.9.正確答案:B10.正確答案:metathesis11.正確答案: Sapir-Whorfproposedfirstthatallhigherlevelsofthinkingaredependentonlanguage.Orputitmorebluntly,languagedeterminesthought,hencethestrongnotionoflinguisticdeterminism.Becauselanguagesdifferinmanyways,Whorfalsobelievedthatspeakersofdifferentlanguagesperceiveandexperiencetheworlddifferently,thatis,relativetotheirlinguisticbackground,hencethenotionoflinguisticrelativism.Inshort,thestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesisproposesthatthelanguagewespeakdeterminesthewayweperceivetheworldandthereforethenatureofthought.12.正確答案:B13.正確答案: Acquisitionreferstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.Learning,however,isdefinedasaconsciousprocessofaccumulatingknowledgeofasecondlanguageusuallyobtainedinschoolsettings.Itisrecognizedthatchildrenacquiretheirnativelanguagewithoutexplicitlearning.Asecondlanguageismorecommonlylearnedbuttosomedegreemayalsobeacquired,dependingontheenvironmentalsettingandtheinputreceivedbytheL2learner.14.正確答案:錯誤15.正確答案:utterance16.正確答案:B17.正確答案:B18.正確答案:A19.正確答案:正確20.正確答案:C第二卷參考答案一.參考題庫1.正確答案:Gradableantonymy;Complementaryantonymy;Converseantonymy.2.正確答案:Anethnicdialectisasocialdialectofalanguage，oftencuttingacrossregionaldifferences.Itisspokenmainlybyalessprivilegedpopulationthathasexperiencedsomeformofsocialisolation，suchasracialdiscriminationorsegregation.3.正確答案: re-：again，e.g.retype，reorganize un-：not，reverse，e.g.unhappy，unlock anti-：against，anti-drug，anti-imperialism super-greaterthanusual，e.g.superpower，superman -wise：inthemannerof，e.g.clockwise，moneywise -itis：infection.e.g.bronchitis，arthritis -ize：makeinto，e.g.realize，modernize -age：eage，linkage4.正確答案:錯誤5.正確答案:Avarietyoflanguagesusedbyasocialclass.6.正確答案:錯誤7.正確答案:A8.正確答案:C9.正確答案:Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.10.正確答案:A11.正確答案:錯誤12.正確答案: Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication. 1)arbitrariness 2)productivity 3)duality 4)displacement 5)culturaltransmission13.正確答案:Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollowwhileparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules.Langueisabstract;itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,butparoleisconcrete;itreferstothenaturallyoccurringlanguageevents.Langueisrelativelystable.itdoesnotchangefrequently;whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.14.正確答案:Morphologyisabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternals