弗朗西斯-培根英文賞析

FrancisBacon

(1561-1626)

(弗朗西斯·培根

)Birth:January22,1561(YorkHouse,London)Death:April9,1626(Highgate)2023最新整理收集do

somethingFrancisBacon1.Thewisest,brightest,andmeanestofmankind.3.TheguidingspiritinColonizationSchemes(開拓殖民地策劃)in1610.2.Themostpowerfulmindofmoderntimes.ComplimentCambridgetrinitycollege(1573)introductionFrancisBacon（1561－1626）wasthefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy（唯物主義哲學(xué)）。HewasbornintothefamilyofSirNicholasBacon，keeperofthePrivySeal（御璽）toQueenElizabeth.TheboyearlywonthefavoroftheQueen.HewenttoCambridgeattwelveandaftergraduatingatsixteen，tookuplaw.Hesoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfullawyersofthetime.Attwenty-threehebecameamemberoftheHouseofCommons（下議院）andhisjudgmentandeloquence（口才）madehimfamous.WhenJamesIcametoEngland，BaconobtainedoneimportantofficeafteranotheruntilhebecamelordChancellor（大法官）andwasmadeapeer（nobleman）in1618.Hewasanadmirablejudge，butinthecourseofrisinghehadmadeenemieswhochargedhimwithbribery（受賄）。Hewasconvicted（判罪）deprived（免去）ofhisoffice，finedandbanished（流放）fromLondonin1621.Fiveyearslater，hediedindisgrace（恥辱）。Career1587:BeelectedtoParliament1618：BecamelordHighChancellor1620：

WonthetitlesofBaronVerulamandViscountStAlbans

1621：Bechargedwithbriberyandbetrayal(出賣)ofjusticeThelistofworksLiteraryworks:Essays《論說文集》(1597-1625)--Includes"Adversity","Anger","Athiesm","Boldness","Cunning","Death","Discourse","DissimulationandSimulation","Empire","Envy","Goodness","GreatPlace","HonorandReputation","Love","Nobility","Revenge","SeemingWise","Superstition","Truth","UnityinReligion","VicissitudeofThings",and"WisdomforaMan'sSelf".Thephilosophicalworks:AdvancementofLearning《學(xué)術(shù)的推進(jìn)》(1605)

NovumOrganum《新工具論》（1620）

NewAtlantis《新大西島》(1624-1626)MaximsoftheLawandReadingontheStatuteofUsesMajorWorksTheHistoryoftheReignofKingHenrytheSeventh(《亨利七世本紀(jì)》)andTheHistoryoftheReignofKingHenrytheEighth(《亨利八世本紀(jì)》).DeAugmentisScientiarum（《論學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展》）TheNewAtlantis（《新西特蘭提斯島》）Thefinal1625editionofhisEssayes（《論說隨筆文集》）.Essay:ADefinitionItisarelativelyshortliterarycompositioninprose,inwhichawriterdiscussesatopic,usuallyrestrictedinscope,ortriestopersuadethereadertoacceptaparticularpointofview.thetermessaywasfirstappliedtotheformin1580byMontaigne,oneofthegreatestessayistsofalltime,tohispiecesonfriendship,love,death,andmorality.InEnglandthetermwasinaugurated（開始）

in1597byFrancisBacon,whowroteshrewd（機(jī)靈的）

meditations（沉思錄）

oncivilandmoralwisdom.Bacon’sEssaysHisEssaysisthefirstexampleofthatgenreinEnglishliterature,whichhasbeenrecognizedasanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose.Bacon’sessaysarefamousfortheirbrevity,compactnessandpowerfulness.Andtheneatness,thepreciseness,thegravity,andtheweightinessaretheessentialqualitiesofhiswritings.Balanceandoppositionarethemostcommonstrategiesheusestoachieveboththeappearanceofbalanceandtheconcealment（隱藏）

ofhisownopinionsunderthecloak（掩飾）oftheopposingalternatives.

FeaturesofBacon’sessays1.Thelanguageisveryneat,prettyandweighty.2.Thesentencesareveryshort.Baconalsolikestousemoreco-ordinateconjunctionsthanthesubordinatedones,suchas“as,since,because”.3.Parallelism（并行論）,epigrams(警句),metaphor（隱喻）

andsimile4.Bacon’sessaysarefamousfortheirbrevity（簡潔）,compactness（緊密）

andpowerfulness.MottosbyBacon1.Beautyisassummerfruits,whichareeasytocorrupt,andcannotlast;andforthemostpartitmakesadissoluteyouth,andanagealittleoutofcountenance.

美猶如盛夏的水果，是容易腐爛而難保持的，世上有許多美人，她們有過放蕩的青春，卻迎受著愧悔的晚年。2.Itisimpossibletoloveandbewise.

要戀愛而又要理智是不可能的。MottosbyBacon3.Thereisnomanthatimparthisjoystohisfriends,butthathejoysthemore;andnomanthatimparthisgriefstohisfriends,buthegriefstheless.

與友分享歡樂者,無不歡樂倍增;與友分擔(dān)哀傷者,無不哀傷減半

4.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtitle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend

.

讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理學(xué)使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學(xué)使人善辯：凡有所學(xué)，皆成性格MottosbyBacon5.Wivesareyoungmen’smistresses,companion’sformiddleage,andoldmen’snurses.妻子是年輕時的情人，中年時的伴侶，老年時的陪護(hù)。6.Livetolearn,notlearntolive.活著就要學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)不是為了活著。3.Alwayswritingdownthesimplythingthatinterestedhimself.

Styleofwriting:1.Mainlypreaching（告誡）

areorientation（重定方向）

tolearning,providinganewdirection,organizationandmethodforthebusinessofacquiringknowledgeabouttheworld.2.Tendingtoexpressanabstractideainthecommonest,objectsofthesightandexperience.1.FrancisBaconwasanEnglishphilosopher,scientist,statesman,lawyer,juristandauthor.2.Throughhisworks,hehadgreateffectsinpolitics,especiallyinthefieldofphilosophyandscientificrevolution.3.Alsohavingeffectsonavarietyofreligiousandspiritualauthors.Influence:Bacon’sImportancetoLiterature1st,hewasthefirstEnglishwritertopayattentiontotheaudiencetowhomhewaswriting.2nd,hewrotethegreatesttractsoneducationint