外研版-初中-定語從句講解

定語從句從定語的定義引入：用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞稱為定語定語從句定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句。被定居從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句必須和那個(gè)在先行詞之后。Thisistheengineerwhowillgiveusatalkonscienceandtechnology.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句（一）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,whose(指人)，which(指物)，that(指人和物)關(guān)系詞關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why關(guān)系代詞which,that,who,whom，whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句:如果先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that,who(做主語或賓語)，whom(做賓語),whose作定語1.who/that指人，做主語.(不能省)Thisisthedoctorwho/thatsavedtheboy’slift.(做主語)Thegirlwho/thatiswateringtheflowersismycousin.(做主語)2.who/whom/that指人，做賓語（做動(dòng)詞賓語可省略，介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，不能?。﹚ho/whom/that作賓語：(可省略)Whoisthestudent（whom/who/that）ProfessorWangpraisedatthemeeting.(做動(dòng)詞praised賓語)在從句中做介詞的賓語時(shí)指人，不能用that。Whom在從句中做介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞一般可放在whom之前，也可以放在從句原來的位置上，在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組中，介詞只能放在原來的位置上，而不能放在whom之前。Pleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedthenovel.=Pleasetellmewhomyouborrowedthenovelfrom.Sheistheladywithwhomwearestaying.（whom不能省）=Sheistheladywhomwearestayingwith.（whom可以?。㏕hechildwhomAuntMarytakescareofisill.（whom可以省）(做of的賓語，takecareof是固定詞組)3.whose做定語,表示所屬關(guān)系。（不能省）IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelPrizewinner.(做定語，修飾husband,whosehusband作為名詞性短語，做從句的主語)Sheistheladywhosedogwearelookingfor.(做定語，修飾dog,whosedog作為名詞性短語，做從句的賓語)如果先行詞是表示物的名詞或代詞，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which,that(做主語或賓語)4.which/that指物，做主語(不能省)Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillnevercometrue.（做主語）5.which/that指物，作賓語（做動(dòng)詞賓語可省略，介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，不能?。㏕hisisthecardwhich/thatI’vejustreceived（做動(dòng)詞received的賓語）Istillkeeptheletterswhich/thatshewrotetome.（做賓語）注意：在從句中做介詞的賓語時(shí)指物，不能用that。介詞一般可放在which之前，也可以放在從句原來的位置上，在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組中，介詞只能放在原來的位置上，而不能放在which之前，規(guī)則跟whom做介詞賓語一樣。例句：Thisisthehouseinwhichsheisliving.(which不能省)=Thisisthehousewhichsheislivingin.（which可以?。㏕hisisthemagazinewhichyouarelookingfor.（which可以省）(which做for的賓語，lookfor是固定詞組)關(guān)系代詞小結(jié)：that－既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。which－指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。who－指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略（常用whom）。做介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞前置，關(guān)系代詞做賓語不能省。做介詞賓語不能用that。注:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式由先行詞定。有時(shí)只能用that,不用which,常見的情況有五種：1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它們修飾時(shí)。That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3)當(dāng)先行詞有thevery,theonly,thesame等修飾時(shí)。That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4)當(dāng)主句以who或which開頭時(shí)，定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that,而不用which或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?5)先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.(二)關(guān)系副詞：when/where/why1.when作時(shí)間狀語，when=介詞+whichShewillneverforgettheday.Shewasmarriedonthatday.Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)shewasmarried.Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp.2.where作地點(diǎn)狀語，where=介詞+whichIwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.3.why作原因狀語,其先行詞常常是thereason.Why=forwhichThatisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)I’mlate.Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhesaidthat.Hetoldherthereasonwhyheisunhappy,butshedoesn’tbelievethereasonthat/whichhegives