專題四第1講　定語(yǔ)從句

第1講定語(yǔ)從句大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義專題四

三大從句與特殊句式定語(yǔ)從句的概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。STEP1考點(diǎn)分類突破STEP2考點(diǎn)分層演練STEP3語(yǔ)法鏈接寫作內(nèi)容索引/NEIRONGSUOYINSTEPONE考點(diǎn)分類突破考點(diǎn)一that/which/who/whom考點(diǎn)二as/which/whose考點(diǎn)三when/where/why考點(diǎn)一that/which/who/whom導(dǎo)入微小說(shuō)XiaoMengisagirlwho/that①lovesreadingandsheisalsoagirlwho/whom/that②teachersoftenpraise.Booksthat/which③talkaboutloveoradventuresareherfavorite.Journey

to

the

Westisthefirstbookthat④XiaoMenghasread，anditisthebestnovelthat④shehasread.Everythingthat④appearsinthenovelisinterestingandbothpeopleandmonstersthat④aredescribedinitmakeherfascinated.①關(guān)系詞指人作主語(yǔ)，可以用that，who引導(dǎo)。②關(guān)系詞指人作賓語(yǔ)，可以用that,who，whom引導(dǎo)。③關(guān)系詞指物作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，可以用that,which引導(dǎo)。④關(guān)系詞指物由形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾，或者是關(guān)系詞是不定代詞，或關(guān)系詞既指人又指物時(shí)，只能用that。1.that/which/who/whom在句子里充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，這些關(guān)系詞叫關(guān)系代詞。在上面的短文中的限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，that出現(xiàn)頻率最高。既可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)，既可以指人，也可以指物。精析重難點(diǎn)2.此外指物時(shí)只用that不用which的情況的口訣：very、only序最高，人物、不定that好。即先行詞指物被thevery、theonly、序數(shù)詞、形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，或者先行詞既包括人也包括物時(shí)，或者先行詞指物是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。ThisistheverybookthatIhavebeenlookingforforseveraldays.這正是我找了好幾天的那本書(shū)。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttosayaboutthismatter?關(guān)于這件事你想說(shuō)什么呢？3.定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。Istillrememberthepeopleintheremotevillagewhowerefriendlytome.我仍然記得那些住在邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)對(duì)我很友好的鄉(xiāng)親們。Thestudentswhoareinterestedintheactivityshouldsignupforitinadvance.對(duì)這次活動(dòng)感興趣的同學(xué)們要提前報(bào)名。點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Thedictionary

thegentlemanboughthalfanhouragowasveryexpensive.2.Theladywho/that

(be)standingbehindthecounterismysister.3.Theman

Iservedwaswearingahat.4.Thisisthethirdapple

shehaseatenintheafternoon.5.Thisistheonly/verything

Icandotosolvethetrickyproblem.6.That’sall

Iknowabouttheyoungmanlivingnextdoor.that/whichiswho/whom/thatthatthatthat7.Whentheymetagain，thetwofriendstalkedaboutlotsofthingsandpersons

theycouldrememberintheschool.8.Thisisthebestfilm

Ihaveeverseen.thatthat單句改錯(cuò)9.Thisistheboywhowealwaysgotoschoolwithhim.10.Itwassuchaninterestingandexcitingfilmasallofuswantedtoseeitasecondtime.或Itwassuchaninterestingandexcitingfilmasallofuswantedtoseeitasecondtime.that返回考點(diǎn)二as/which/whoseAs①weallknow/As①isknowntoall，LiHuaisastudentwhose②nameisoftenseeninEnglishexaminations.Butthisyearhedidn’tmakeuswritecompositionsforhim，which③mademanystudentssad.Howwemisstheboyforwhom④wehavewrittenmanycompositionsandwehavepreparedmanysituationsinwhich④hecan’twritearticleshimself.微小說(shuō)導(dǎo)入①位于句首，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。②在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示所屬關(guān)系“……的”，用關(guān)系代詞whose。③用于帶逗號(hào)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，作主語(yǔ)指物或前面整個(gè)句子時(shí)，只能用which而不用that。④當(dāng)介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)，若先行詞指物，則關(guān)系詞只能用which；若先行詞指人，則關(guān)系詞只能用whom。1.whose既可以指人，又可以指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示先行詞的所有格。即whose前的先行詞和whose之后的名詞有所屬關(guān)系?？谠E：whose前后名，后名屬前名。ThisisthegirlwhosenameisLiMei.這就是那個(gè)叫李梅的女孩。Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacethenorth.他住在窗戶朝北的房子里。精析重難點(diǎn)2.只用which/whom而不用that的情況。用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中或者動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前，充當(dāng)其賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。注意：which既可以指某一個(gè)名詞，也可以指前面的整個(gè)句子。Thisisthecompanyinwhichmyfatheronceworked.這就是我父親曾經(jīng)在里面工作的公司。Therewasnopersontowhomshecouldturnforhelpinthedarkstreet.在黑漆漆的街上沒(méi)有她可以求助的人。3.定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，將非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放在句子中間，其前后都需要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。4.常用as的結(jié)構(gòu)：asanybodycansee，asweallknow，asweexpected，asisreported，ashasbeenannounced，asisoftenthecase，as常常位于句首。Aswasexpected，hecamelateagain.正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣，他又遲到了。Asanybodycansee，theelephantislikeasnake.正如每個(gè)人所看到的一樣，這匹大象像一條蛇。點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Heisthestudent

Englishisalwaysatthetop.2.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers，twothirdsof

arewomen.3.Heisworkinghard，

willmakehimpassthefinalexam.4.

isknowntoall，thereare7continentsontheearth.whosewhomwhichAs單句改錯(cuò)5.ThenMrGreenreadsomeviewsoftheplay，thatsaiditwasaterribleone.6.Heislookingforaboxinthathecanputthetworabbits.whichwhich返回考點(diǎn)三when/where/whyXiaoMingstillremembersthedaywhen①hewasseriouslypunishedbyhisfather.Thereasonwhy②hewaspunishedwasthatheplayedcellphonegamesforawholeweekend.Hisfatherbroughthimtoaroomwhere③therewasnoothers.Afterputtingthecellphoneintoabasinwhich/that④wasfullofwater，hetoldXiaoMingaboutthedaysthat/which④hespentearningschoolfeesbydoingpart-timejobsinarestaurant.Thiswasthereasonthat/which④hisfathertoldhimnottoplaycellphones.微小說(shuō)導(dǎo)入①先行詞表示時(shí)間，從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞when。②先行詞表示原因，從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞why。③先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞where。④先行詞雖然表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或原因，但是從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，仍然用關(guān)系代詞that/which。1.關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的選擇從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，是個(gè)完整的句子，可以是主謂賓或主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，亦可以是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(主語(yǔ)＋vi.)。此時(shí)需要判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否及物。判斷定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞的方法：把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞連接起來(lái)，看它們是否能構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果能直接構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，否則為不及物動(dòng)詞。精析重難點(diǎn)(1)Thefactory

heonceworkedisclosednow.work與factory不能直接構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，只有后面加上介詞in才能構(gòu)成正確的表達(dá)形式，workinthefactory。因此可推知work為不及物動(dòng)詞。因此此處應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，也可使用inwhich(which代替先行詞thefactory)。(2)Thefactory

hesetuplastyearisoperatingwell.該題中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以和先行詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)setupthefactory，所以setup是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。其后缺賓語(yǔ)，因此此處用關(guān)系代詞that或which。2.當(dāng)先行詞為表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞situation，case，stage，point等，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；如果關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)則用關(guān)系代詞which/that。3.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定：(1)依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定Iboughtagreatmanybooks，onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我買了很多書(shū)，這些書(shū)花光了我的所有積蓄。(2)依據(jù)先行詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我在鄉(xiāng)村度過(guò)的童年時(shí)光。(3)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定Thecolourlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.離開(kāi)它我們就不能生存的這種無(wú)色氣體被稱為氧氣。4.當(dāng)theway作先行詞時(shí)，無(wú)論關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)還是作狀語(yǔ)，用that一定正確。Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhichhespeakstome.(關(guān)系詞作方式狀語(yǔ))Theyarelookingforawaythat/whichisthemostsuitablefortheproblem.(關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ))點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Istillremembertheday

IfirstcametoBeijing.2.Thereason

hefailedintheexamwasthathedidn’tstudyhard.3.Giftshopsinmuseums

peoplewouldbuysouvenirsforthemselvesandtheirfriendsusedtobethelaststopofeachvisit.whenwhywhere單句改錯(cuò)4.Inthesquarewhichmanyseniorcitizensweredancing，Ifoundseveraleldersburiedinfeedingbirds.5.Isthisthereasonwhyheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?或Isthisthereasonwhyheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?wherethat/which單句語(yǔ)法填空1.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，

sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ)解題策略對(duì)接高考技法指導(dǎo)which解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為thepetshop，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作opened的賓語(yǔ)，故填which。123452.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters

hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)who/that解析先行詞為masters，且限制性定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系詞who/that。123453.Wehaveenteredintoanage

dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.(2019·江蘇)解析句中先行詞為anage(一個(gè)時(shí)代)，且先行詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系詞when。when12345單句改錯(cuò)4.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ)答案which→where或在which前加in解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。pond是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，后面的定語(yǔ)從句主、謂、賓成分齊全，故用where或“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；表達(dá)“在池塘里”用介詞in。123455.Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案that→which解析考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為dinner，故填關(guān)系代詞which。12345語(yǔ)法填空定語(yǔ)從句解題三步走第一步：根據(jù)是否修飾某一名詞，放在該名詞之后確定是不是定語(yǔ)從句。第二步：根據(jù)從句中是否缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)確定用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。如果從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞；如果不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則使用關(guān)系副詞(或者“介詞＋which”)第三步：根據(jù)先行詞具體所指，確定是哪個(gè)關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞。技法指導(dǎo)短文改錯(cuò)短文改錯(cuò)解題“3視角”1.忽視先行詞2.混淆關(guān)系詞的用法錯(cuò)用which和that；誤把what當(dāng)成關(guān)系代詞；介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能使用that。3.沒(méi)有考慮關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞址祷乩m(xù)上頁(yè)STEPTWO考點(diǎn)分層演練層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練層級(jí)二高考真題練層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Theoldmanturnedhisbusinessovertohisyoungerson，

madehiseldersondiscouraged.which解析設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which。123456789102.Iwillneverforgetsuchabeautifulvillage

Ispentmychildhoodwithmygrandparents.12345678910where解析設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是village，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此用where引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于inwhich。3.Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry，

hadalsovolunteeredtohelp.12345678910who解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是people，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系代詞who。4.Therearemanygoodwebsites

youcancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.12345678910where解析先行詞為websites，將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后為：youcancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworldonthewebsites，由此可知，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中與介詞on一起作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞where。5.Thesystem，

canbethemostadvancedinmanyways，willbethelargestearthquakeobservationnetworkintheworld.12345678910which解析設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為thesystem，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which。6.HedecidedtogotoStanfordbecausethereweremanyopportunitiesforpeople

wantedtoworkinSiliconValley.12345678910who/that解析people為先行詞，從句中缺主語(yǔ)，故用who/that。7.Hisintereststartedafewyearsago，

hewasincollegeandstudyingwildlifescience.12345678910when解析先行詞為afewyearsago，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填when。8.ThenNeedhambeganhislifelongresearch，

endedupcreatingthegreatestwork—Science

and

Civilisation

in

China.12345678910which解析根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的逗號(hào)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；先行詞為hislifelongresearch，將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后為：hislifelongresearchendedupcreatingthegreatestwork—ScienceandCivilisationinChina，由此可知，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞指物，故填which。9.Thiswomanhassetagoodexampletoherson，

isareallyluckyguy.12345678910who解析分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且先行詞為herson，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填who。10.Overtheyears，Ihavemetsomeinterestingpeople.Twoofthemostinterestingpeopleweretwoelderlysisters，JoanandBernice，

wayoftalkingaboutpeopleinspiredme.12345678910whose解析引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作定語(yǔ)，先行詞為JoanandBernice，故填whose。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.答案what→that/which或刪除what解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，dishes后跟的是定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)用that/which引導(dǎo)。又因關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，故也可以直接刪除what。1234562.AltogetherIhadfiveroommates，twoofwhicharrivedlater.答案which→whom解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)用whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞fiveroommates。1234563.Oneday，Margarettoldmehergrandmawascomingandherparentswouldwantmybasementroomback，thatdidn’tsurpriseme.答案that→which解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)用which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)。1234564.Wehavemadethesamemistakewhichyoumadelasttime.答案which→as解析固定結(jié)構(gòu)thesame...as...，表示“像……一樣的”。1234565.BeingafraidofexpressingmyselfwasoneofthereasonsthatIrarelydidwellinschool.答案that→why解析先行詞是reasons，且定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主干成分，故用why作狀語(yǔ)。1234566.I’dliketoshareastorywhichmusicovercomesaphysicalbarrierandmakesaconnectionwithayoungstudent.答案which→where或在which前加in解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，astory作先行詞，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，要用where引導(dǎo)，相當(dāng)于inwhich即：inthestory。123456返回層級(jí)二高考真題練Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe，Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot

itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ)where解析分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是aspot，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。123456789102.InancientChinalivedanartist

paintingswerealmostlifelike.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ)whose解析此處為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞artist，且先行詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。123456789103.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane，forexample，formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum

openedin1759.(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)which/that解析此處是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是theBritishMuseum，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。123456789104.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose

aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife，takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(資源).(2019·北京)who解析“

aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞those，且空格處在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代人，故填who。123456789105.Theirchildisatthestage

shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.(2019·天津)where解析分析句子可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是thestage，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where，相當(dāng)于inwhich。123456789106.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014

showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ)that/which解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞study，故填that/which。123456789107.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram

givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011，fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ)that/which解析設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾“asoil-testingprogram”，先行詞表示物，故用that/which。123456789108.Manywesterners

cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018·浙江)who/that解析空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指人，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用who/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。123456789109.Self-drivingisanarea

Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.(2018·江蘇)where解析設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞anarea。將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后為“Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartinglineinthearea”，由此可知，先行詞與表地點(diǎn)的介詞in一起在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以要用關(guān)系副詞where。1234567891010.ButSarah，

hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ)who解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是Sarah，指人，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞who。123456789101.Thankyouforyourletter，whatreallymademehappy.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案what→which解析考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子，逗號(hào)后的從句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞yourletter，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，what不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。故將what改為which。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1234562.Understandinghergoodintentions，IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案what→that解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。food后是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是allthefood，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，可用that或which，先行詞被all所修飾，只能使用that，且what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，所以將what改成that。1234563.Inthecafe，customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案what→that/which解析分子句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞為environment，指物，所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which。故將what改為that/which。1234564.OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool，Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)答案where→when解析先行詞為Oneafternoon，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以用when。故將where改為when。1234565.Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案that→which解析此句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且先行詞是garden，指物，故應(yīng)用which而不能用that引導(dǎo)。1234566.Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案they→that/which解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，things是其后定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞that或which。123456返回層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空Therewasatime1.

IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.when語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為記敘文，文章敘述了作者參加英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部的難忘經(jīng)歷。在那里作者遇到了一位好老師，那位老師使作者對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了興趣，同時(shí)作者還養(yǎng)成了學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的好習(xí)慣。解析先行詞是時(shí)間time，定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞when。Andthiswasthereason2.

myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,3.

Imetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch.why解析先行詞是原因reason，定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞why。where解析先行詞是地點(diǎn)club，定語(yǔ)從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞where。SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately，myguide,4.

teacherwasYuMinhong，communicatedwithmefacetoface.He，from5.

Igainedsomeusefulinstructions，alsoshowedmeagoodpartner，andwegotalongwellwitheachother.whose解析先行詞是guide，空格后面的teacher與其構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，故填whose。whom解析此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)合句意及空格前的介詞from可知填whom。GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6.

wedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide,7.

encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.that/which解析定語(yǔ)從句中用關(guān)系詞指代先行詞activities，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故用that/which。who解析非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用關(guān)系詞指代先行詞myfatherandtheguide，指人，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用who。NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish，into8.

Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep，Irecallthepassages，through9.

Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.which解析非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用關(guān)系詞指代“學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)”這件事，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故用which。which解析非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為前面的句子“Irecallthepassages”，要用which。10.

ourEnglishteachersays，“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”As解析非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中要用關(guān)系詞指代后面的句子“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”并放在句首，意為“正如”，故用As。Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)Oneeveningafterwork，Ifoundabeautifullittlefoxwithainjuredleg.ShewaslikeaDisneyfox.ThenIfeedhersomefish.Acoupleofweeklaterthefoxwasback，completelybetterandhasvisitedeversince.Shewascomfortablyenoughtocomereallyneartome.Sheallowedmetophotographingher，thebestofwhichIposteditonsocialmedia.anfedweekscomfortablephotographSoonafter，onedayshetakeshercubstogethertovisitme，thatwasreallyunexpected.It’samazingtohavethisconnectionwithsomethingsowildthisbusycity，buthappilythelovingfoxstillkeepsturningup.返回tookwhich∧inandSTEPTHREE語(yǔ)法鏈接寫作不同語(yǔ)境中定語(yǔ)從句的使用1.邀請(qǐng)信典例(2015·全國(guó)Ⅱ)我寫信邀請(qǐng)你來(lái)看我們學(xué)校舉辦的漢服表演。I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoenjoyahanfushowwhichwillbehostedbyourschool.運(yùn)用(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)我給你寫信的目的是邀請(qǐng)你參加下周六在我們學(xué)校舉辦的音樂(lè)節(jié)。

I’mwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthemusicfestivalwhichwillbeheldinourschoolnextSaturday.123456782.申請(qǐng)信(1)典例(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)我自五歲學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)畫(huà)，因此我很了解這門藝術(shù)，這使得我能夠很好地介紹畫(huà)展。IhavetakenupChinesepaintingsinceIwasfiveyearsoldandIhaveagoodknowledgeofit，whichmakesitpossibleformetointroducetheexhibitionwell.運(yùn)用(2018·浙江)我英語(yǔ)很熟練，這使得我與外國(guó)人自由交談成為可能。

IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish，whichmakesitpossible