英語句子成分講解新

英語句子成分講解1句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語2一、主語（subject）:

句子說明的人或事物。表示所說的“是誰”或“是什么”。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名詞)Helikesdancing.(代詞)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)Seeingisbelieving.(動(dòng)名詞)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主語從句)ThesunHe

TwentyyearsSeeingToseeWhatheneeds3指出下列句中主語.

①Theteacheriswalkingintotheclassroomwithtwoofhisstudents.

________________

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.________________

③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.________________

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.________________TheteacheranoldmanTheusefuldictionaryTodotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelp4二、謂語（predicate）:說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征:說明主語“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么樣”。WestudyEnglish.We

are

students.

Theboykeepstalking.Thedogisdead.studyarekeepsis5選出句中謂語.

①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.____________

②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.

_______________

③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

____________

④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.

____________⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?

____________

don'tlikegetgowillbehave6⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.

_____________

⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.

___________⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.

____________⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.

_____________⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?

____________didn'tdoissend

isgive7三、表語（predicative）:系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征,說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。常見的系動(dòng)詞有:be,sound(聽起來)，look(看起來)，feel(摸起來)，smell(聞起來)，taste(嘗、吃來),remain(保持，仍是)feel(感覺),get,become,turnHeisateacher.Itsoundsinteresting.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodtastesgood.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.ateacherinterestingthingooddeliciousopentired8挑出下列句中的表語

1Theoldman

wasfeelingverytired.

2Theleaves

haveturned

yellow.

3SoonTheyallbecame

interestedinthesubject

4She

was

thefirsttolearnaboutit.

主語謂語表語主語謂語主語主語表語謂語謂語表語表語9四、賓語：賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對象，在句中主要充當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者，在謂語之后（一般皆置于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞之后），They

went

to

see

an

exhibitionyesterday.The

heavy

rain

prevented

me

from

coming

to

school

on

time.He

pretended

not

to

see

me.I

enjoy

listening

to

popular

music.I

think（that）it

is

fit

for

his

office.anexhibitionmenottoseemelisteningtopopularmusicitisfitforhisoffice10雙賓語——間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.Passmetheruler,please!HetoldTomthenewsyesterday.meabookthepoormansomemoneymetherulerTom

thenews11挑出下列句中的賓語

①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn‘tdonehishomework.

______________②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

___________________③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.

_____________________________④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

_____________________⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?

______________________

hishomeworkEnglish.yourpronunciationnewwordstogoswimming12⑥Theoldmansaidhewasill.

_______________⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.

_______________⑧Goonandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.

__________________⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.

________________⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.

____________________hewasill.himthemuseum

itwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.

13五。賓語補(bǔ)足語（賓補(bǔ)）

用來對賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和說明的成分.

Wecallhimmonkey.Ifindthebookinteresting.Theteacheraskedhimtocleantheclassroomafterschool.Hesawsomeboysplayingfootballinthepark.Hermotherkeptherintheroom.定語定語是用來說明名詞（代詞）的品質(zhì)與特征的詞或一組詞。定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。monkeyinterestingtocleantheclassroomafterschool.playingfootballintheroom141.His

father

named

him

Dongming.

2.They

painted

their

boat

white.3Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.

4.

It

is

our

duty

to

keep

our

classroom

clean

.

5.

He

noticed

a

man

entering

the

room.Dongmingwhitetotaketheboyoutofschoolclean

entering

the

room.15六。

定語

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。

1.Guilin

is

a

beautifulcity.2.China

is

a

developing

country.3.Our

monitor

is

always

the

first

to

enter

the

classroom.4.Thebikeunderthetreeismine.5.ThebookthatIamreadingisveryinteresting.

beautifuldeveloping

to

enter

the

classroom.underthetreeIamreading161.They

use

Mr.

Mrs.

with

the

family

name.2.Therearefortystudentsinourclass.

3.The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.4.Hewasthelasttoleavetheroom.5.Doyouknowthegirlwithlonghair?

familyfortyourdownstairs

toleavetheroomwithlonghair176.TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.7.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.8.Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.playingfootballplantedlastyeartodoitwellthatIdot18七、狀語：用來修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞,或句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.Hestudieshard

tolearnEnglishwell.19Hedidn’tstudyhard

sothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpassexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.20①Therewasabigsmileonherface.

②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.

③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.

④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.

onherfaceEverynightwhenhewaseleven.

toofast.

21⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,Misslihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedunclewangtoseetheothermachineWiththemedicineboxunderherarmbecauseshelovesbooks

ifyou'velostittoseetheothermachine221.He

isrunning.

2.I

haveseen

themovie..3.Thelittleboy

isasking

theteacher

allkindsof

questions.

4.She

seemed

angry.

5.Myfather

bought

me

abeautifulpresent.

.主語謂語謂語主語主語謂語賓語間接賓語直接賓語主語謂語表語主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語236.Whydoyou

keep

youreyes

closed？

主語謂語賓語賓補(bǔ)

7.Willyou

tell

us

anexcitingstory？

主語謂語間賓直賓

8.We

mustclean