【英語(yǔ)】四川省達(dá)州市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末試題（解析版）

成就未來(lái)，新教育伴你成長(zhǎng)聯(lián)系電話：400-186-9786四川省達(dá)州市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話,每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Bythelake.B.Athome.C.Inacar.2.WhyhappenedtoKelly?A.Shewasillathome.B.Hercomputercrashed.C.Shelostthecustomerinformation.3.What’swrongwithAmy?A.Shehasafever.B.Shehasaheadache.C.Shegotherforeheadburnt.4.WhowasbornonApril5th?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Thewoman’sbrother.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howtospendtheirholiday.B.Whattheydidonholiday.C.Withwhomtospendtheirholiday.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話,回答第6至7題。6.Whathappenedtothewoman’ssuitcase?A.Itwasdamaged.B.Itgotlost.C.Itwasstolen.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Customerandshopowner.B.Touristandguide.C.Hotelguestandwaiter.聽(tīng)下面一段材料,回答第8至9題。8.WhatdidJimdolastweek?A.Heorderedacake.B.Heboughtasuit.C.HeselectedadressforAnna.9.WhatwillthemanhelpAnnado?A.Bookthehotel.B.Sendoutinvitations.C.Choosesomeflowers.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話,回答第10至12題。10.HowdoesLaurafindhernewjob?A.Interesting.B.Tough.C.Boring.11.WhatdoesLaurasayabouthermanager?A.She’shelpful.B.She’sstrict.C.She’sinexperienced.12.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Playbasketball.B.Watchagame.C.Workovertime.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話,回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Hostingaprogram.B.Reportingarace.C.Trainingaplayer.14.Whenwillthefinalracetakeplace?A.Intendays.B.Intwoweeks.C.Inamonth.15.WhatdoesDaviddecidetodonextyear?A.Practiceforagoldmedal.B.AttendtheOlympicGames.C.JoinYaleUniversity’sswimteam.16.WhatisAlan?A.Afootballplayer.B.Aswimmer.C.Acoach.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白,回答第17至20題。17.Wheredoesthespeakercomefrom?A.Spain.B.France.C.England.18.Whydoesthespeakertravelaroundtheworld?A.Fortraining.B.Forsightseeing.C.Formatches.19.Whatpositiondoesthespeakerplay?A.Heisastriker.B.Heisagoalkeeper.C.Heisamidfielder.20.Whatresultistheteammorelikelytoachievenextyear?A.Thefirstplace.B.Thesecondplace.C.Thethirdplace.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASinger-songwriterswritesongs,buthowdotheydoit?Wheredomusiciansgettheirinspirationfrom?Whatcomesfirst—themusicorthelyrics(歌詞)?Itturnsoutthateveryonehastheirownwayofwritingwhichworksforthem.BobDylanHeisamusicianwithauniquemusicalstyle,whichhasbeendescribedasfolkrock,gospel,countryandjazz.HetoldtheBBCthathegetsalotofhiswritinginspirationfromnovelslikeDonQuixoteandRobinsonCrusoe.Hesaid“Theygiveyouawayoflookingatlifeandunderstandingofhumannatureandastandardtomeasurethingsby.”Hehashadacareerspanningsixdecadesandhaswonmanysongwritingawards.StephenSondheimStephenSondheim,amusicaltheatrecomposerwhodiedin2021,saidinaninterviewwithTheNewYorkerthat,whenitcomestosongwriting,thestressinaphraseisveryimportantforhim.“Youcanstartwritingalyric,andthentheinflection(變音)ofthelyricsuggestsatune.”Therefore,inhiswayofwriting,themusicandlyricscomeatroughlythesametime.TaylorSwiftIn2022,TaylorSwiftwonaSongwriter-ArtistoftheDecadeAward.Inherspeech,shesaidlyricsareherfavouritepartofsongwriting.Shedescribesthemajorityofhersongsashavinga“modernstorylineorreferences,withapoetictwist”andcommonlyusesreallifeexperiencesandconversationsasinfluence.JohnDenverDenverearnedinternationalreputationasasongwriter,performer,actor,environmentalistandhumanitarian.Johnsaid,“Iobtainendlessmusefrommyexperiencesinenvironmentalandhumanitarianwork.”Johnwasoneofthefirstartiststoshareanenvironmentalmessagethroughhismusic.1.WhattypeofmusicdoesStephenSondheimcompose?A.Folkrock. B.Musicalplay. C.Countrymusic. D.Jazz.2.Whosemusicconveysthemessageofnatureprotection?A.BobDylan’s. B.StephenSondheim’s. C.JohnDenver’s. D.TaylorSwift’s.3.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanthetextbefound?A.Culture. B.Art. C.Literature. D.Language.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了鮑勃·迪倫、史蒂芬·桑德海姆、泰勒·斯威夫特、約翰·丹佛四位創(chuàng)作型歌手寫(xiě)歌的獨(dú)特方式?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“StephenSondheim”下面的“StephenSondheim,amusicaltheatrecomposer”可知，史蒂芬·桑德海姆是一位音樂(lè)劇作曲者，他創(chuàng)作的音樂(lè)類型是音樂(lè)劇。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“JohnDenver”下面的“J Denverearnedinternationalreputationasasongwriter,performer,actor,environmentalistandhumanitarian.Johnsaid,“Iobtainendlessmusefrommyexperiencesinenvironmentalandhumanitarianwork.”Johnwasoneofthefirstartiststoshareanenvironmentalmessagethroughhismusic.(作為作曲家、表演者、演員、環(huán)保主義者和人道主義者，丹佛贏得了國(guó)際聲譽(yù)。約翰說(shuō):“我從環(huán)境和人道主義工作的經(jīng)歷中獲得了無(wú)盡的靈感?！奔s翰是最早通過(guò)他的音樂(lè)分享環(huán)境信息的藝術(shù)家之一。)”可知，約翰·丹佛的音樂(lè)里含有保護(hù)自然的信息。故選C。【3題詳解】文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Singer-songwriterswritesongs,buthowdotheydoit?(創(chuàng)作型歌手寫(xiě)歌，但他們是怎么做到的？)”和“Itturnsoutthateveryonehastheirownwayofwritingwhichworksforthem.(事實(shí)證明，每個(gè)人都有自己的寫(xiě)作方式。)”并結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了鮑勃·迪倫、史蒂芬·桑德海姆、泰勒·斯威夫特、約翰·丹佛四位創(chuàng)作型歌手寫(xiě)歌的獨(dú)特方式。本文與音樂(lè)有關(guān)，而音樂(lè)屬于藝術(shù)范疇，所以本文最有可能出自報(bào)紙的藝術(shù)模塊。故選B。B“THEY’REALLINTROUBLE,”saysKenyanecologistPaulaKahumbu.“Allelephantsareinmajor,majortrouble.”P(pán)opulationsofthethreespecieshavedeclined:savanna(熱帶草原)elephantsforestelephantsandthesmaller-earedAsianelephants.Andwe’retoblame.We’veexpanded(擴(kuò)張)intoelephantterritory,buildinghomesandroads,cuttingdownforestsandplantingcrops.Besides,withtheriseofpoaching(偷獵),thenumberofelephantshasdecreasedandbecamedangerouslylowinthepastfivedecades.“Poachingdoesn’tjustdestroyanimals,”saysKahumbu,“itgraduallyweakenssociety.”That’swhyherorganizationmonitoredpoachingcasesinKenyancourts,launchedacampaigncalledHandsOffOurElephantsandeducatedchildrenonthevalueofwildlife.Kahumbu’sgoalisnobleandurgent:tochange“thewholenationalawarenessaboutconservation.”Now,she’stakinghermessagetoaninternationalstagewithSecretsoftheElephants,afour-partseriesonNationalGeographic.Itexploresthehiddenlivesofelephantsinfourhabitats—Asia,plusAfricanforests,deserts,andsavannas—aswellasthepeoplewhoareracingtosavetheanimals.“Wekindofknowwhattheyneed,butwearen’talwaysgenerousenough.”SecretsoftheElephants,shehopes,willfamiliarizepeoplewiththewildlifethatlivesamongthem.Whilemakingtheseries,thedifficultsituationofsomeelephantsshockedher.“Youlookattheirfacesandtheylooksosad,”shesays.SheparticularlynoticedthisinAsia,whereAsianelephantsandpeopleliveinincreasinglyclosedistance.“DespitedecadesofresearchintoAfricanelephants,muchresearchintoAsianelephantshasfallenbehind—whichiswhyourprogrammeinthefollowingpageswillfocusonthisspecies,”sheadds.4.Whatdoesparagraph2focuson?A.Thefeaturesofthreespeciesofelephants. B.Thedifferentsituationsoftheelephants.C.Thecausesforthedecreaseoftheelephants. D.TheimpactofHumanbehaviorsonelephants.5.WhatdidKahumbudo?A.Shemonitoredpoachershuntingelephants. B.Shefilmedafeatureaboutelephants.C.Shestartedanationalwildlifeprotectionmovement. D.Shechangedpeople’sawarenessofwildlifeprotection.6.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheAsianelephants?A.Theyliketogetclosetohumans. B.Theyarealmostignoredbyexperts.C.Theyremainmysterioustohumans. D.Theyaregraduallylosingtheirhabitat.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Takeaction:StopPoaching B.Filmseries:SecretsoftheElephantsC.Kahumbu:ABraveKenyanEcologist D.Endangered:ThreeSpeciesofElephants【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是篇說(shuō)明文。文章描述了三種大象數(shù)量急劇下降的現(xiàn)狀和原因，以及肯尼亞生態(tài)學(xué)家PaulaKahumbu的組織對(duì)保護(hù)大象所作的努力。【4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Populationsofthethreespecieshavedeclined:savanna(熱帶草原)elephantsforestelephantsandthesmaller-earedAsianelephants.”（這三種物種的數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降：熱帶草原象、森林象和小耳朵亞洲象。）和“Andwe’retoblame.”（我們應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任。）和后面對(duì)人類行為的具體描述可知，本段主要在講述人類行為對(duì)大象產(chǎn)生的影響。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“That’swhyherorganizationmonitoredpoachingcasesinKenyancourts,launchedacampaigncalledHandsOffOurElephantsandeducatedchildrenonthevalueofwildlife.Kahumbu’sgoalisnobleandurgent:tochange“thewholenationalawarenessaboutconservation.”（這就是為什么她的組織在肯尼亞法院監(jiān)控偷獵案件，發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)名為“放開(kāi)我們的大象”的運(yùn)動(dòng)，并教育孩子們了解野生動(dòng)物的價(jià)值。Kahumbu的目標(biāo)崇高而緊迫:改變“整個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的意識(shí)”。）可知，Kahumbu發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)全國(guó)的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Whilemakingtheseries,thedifficultsituationofsomeelephantsshockedher.“Youlookattheirfacesandtheylooksosad,”shesays.”（在拍攝這個(gè)系列的時(shí)候，一些大象的困境震驚了她?！澳憧纯此鼈兊哪?，它們看起來(lái)很悲傷，”她說(shuō)。）和“SheparticularlynoticedthisinAsia,whereAsianelephantsandpeopleliveinincreasinglyclosedistance.”（她在亞洲特別注意到這一點(diǎn)，在那里，亞洲象和人的住的距離越來(lái)越近。）可知，大象正生活在困境當(dāng)中，生活得很艱難、痛苦，亞洲的大象和人住的越來(lái)越近，說(shuō)明大象的棲息地正逐漸被人類占領(lǐng)，它們也逐漸失去了自己的棲息地。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段““THEY’REALLINTROUBLE,”saysKenyanecologistPaulaKahumbu.“Allelephantsareinmajor,majortrouble.””（“它們都有麻煩了，”肯尼亞生態(tài)學(xué)家PaulaKahumbu說(shuō)：“所有的大象都有很大的麻煩?！保┖偷诙巍癙opulationsofthethreespecieshavedeclined:savanna(熱帶草原)elephantsforestelephantsandthesmaller-earedAsianelephants.”（這三種物種的數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降：熱帶草原象、森林象和小耳朵亞洲象。）以及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要描述了三種大象數(shù)量急劇下降、瀕臨滅絕的現(xiàn)狀和原因。故選D。CSendingachildtoaselectiveschool(精英學(xué)校)offersnobenefitiftheyarehigh-achievingatage11andmayevenputthematadisadvantage,accordingtoaresearchthatanalyzedalmosthalfamillionpupilsfromdifferenttypesofschools—selectives,non-selectives,comprehensiveschoolsandgrammarschools,includingareaswhereparentscouldchoosetheirdesiredschools.Theresearchfoundthatthehighestachieversatage11werelesslikelytoachievefivehighGCSEgradesiftheywenttoagrammarschoolthaniftheywenttoacomprehensiveschoolonceotherfactorsweretakenintoaccount.Theresearcherslookedatdataonalmost500,000pupilswhoattendedstateschoolsinEnglandandtookGCSEsin2016,beforethegradingsystemwaschangedtousenumbers.Itanalyzedtheirtestscoresatage11,aswellastheirsocialbackgrounds,ethnicities,specialeducationalneeds,genders(性別)andtheirbirthmonths.Besides,theyusedanalysismodelsthatlookedatresultsinthe36localauthoritieswithgrammarschoolsandthe116withonlycomprehensiveschools,aswellasareasthathadbothkinds.Theresearchersconcludedthat,oppositetopopularbelief,selectionisdamagingtohighperformers.Theysuggestedthatthiscouldbebecauseofthe“bigfishlittlepondeffect”andthatpupilsinselectiveschoolsmaybedemotivated(失去動(dòng)力)byseeingthemselvesaslessableincomparisontotheirclassmates.Thepaperalsowarnedthatpupilswhodonotgetintogrammarschoolsmaysufferfromalackofrolemodels,asenseoffailureandahigherconcentrationofdisadvantagedpupilsintheirschools.Thestressofacompetitivesystemmayalsohaveanegativeeffectonperformance,theresearchersadded,ortheremaybewiderissuesthattheresearchcouldnotidentify.Expansionofgrammarschoolsandtheselectivesystemwasunlikelytoraisenationalacademicstandards,theresearcherssaid,butrecommendedfurtherstudiestoassessregionalimpact.8.Whatisthepurposeofwritingparagraph1?A.Toindicatepossibleviews. B.Toshowdifferencesbetweenschools.C.Togivebackgroundinformation. D.Tointroducetheresearchconclusion.9.Howdoestheauthordescribetheresearchers’workinparagraph3?A.Bygivingdata. B.Bysummarizingresults. C.Bylistingexamples. D.Byexplainingreasons.10.Whatisthepopularbeliefaboutselection?A.Itbenefitshighperformers. B.Itisunfairformoststudents.C.Itdiscouragesaveragestudents. D.Itpromotesdisadvantagedpupils.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheselectivesystem?A.Supportive. B.Uncaring. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了研究表明，如果孩子在11歲時(shí)表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異，把他們送進(jìn)精英學(xué)校對(duì)他們沒(méi)有任何好處，甚至可能使他們處于不利地位?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Sendingachildtoaselectiveschool(精英學(xué)校)offersnobenefitiftheyarehigh-achievingatage11andmayevenputthematadisadvantage, accordingtoaresearchthatanalyzedalmosthalfamillionpupilsfromdifferenttypesofschools”（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)分析了來(lái)自不同類型學(xué)校的近50萬(wàn)名學(xué)生的研究研究表明，如果孩子在11歲時(shí)表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異，把他們送到名牌學(xué)校并沒(méi)有任何好處，甚至可能會(huì)讓他們處于劣勢(shì)）和第二段“Theresearchfoundthat...”（這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)……）可知，第一段主要是為了引出研究的結(jié)論。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearcherslookedatdataonalmost500,000pupilswhoattendedstateschoolsinEnglandandtookGCSEsin2016,beforethegradingsystemwaschangedtousenumbers.”（研究人員研究了2016年英國(guó)公立學(xué)校近50萬(wàn)名學(xué)生的數(shù)據(jù)，這些學(xué)生在評(píng)分系統(tǒng)改為使用數(shù)字之前參加了普通中等教育證書(shū)考試。）和“Besides,theyusedanalysismodelsthatlookedatresultsinthe36localauthoritieswithgrammarschoolsandthe116withonlycomprehensiveschools,aswellasareasthathadbothkinds.”（此外，他們還使用了分析模型，研究了36個(gè)有文法學(xué)校的地方政府和116個(gè)只有綜合學(xué)校的地方政府，以及兩種學(xué)校都有的地區(qū)的結(jié)果。）可知，在該段中，作者通過(guò)給出相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)描述了研究者們的研究工作。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theresearchersconcludedthat,oppositetopopularbelief,selectionisdamagingtohighperformers.”（研究人員得出結(jié)論，與普遍看法相反，擇優(yōu)選拔正對(duì)表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異者造成傷害。）中的“oppositetopopularbelief”可知，普遍看法應(yīng)該是擇優(yōu)選拔對(duì)表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異者有好處。故選A。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，作者主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究表明如果孩子在11歲時(shí)表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異，把他們送進(jìn)精英學(xué)校對(duì)他們沒(méi)有任何好處，甚至可能使他們處于不利地位。結(jié)合最后一段的“Thestressofacompetitivesystemmayalsohaveanegativeeffectonperformance,theresearchersadded,ortheremaybewiderissuesthattheresearchcouldnotidentify.”（研究人員補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)系統(tǒng)的壓力也可能對(duì)表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，或者可能存在研究未能確定的更廣泛的問(wèn)題。）推知，作者對(duì)于選拔系統(tǒng)持懷疑態(tài)度。故選C。DThereisnodoubtthatartificialintelligence—orAI—hasbecomeanimportantpartofourlives.Itisnolongerjustathingofsciencefiction:it’sanincredibletechnologicalbreakthroughthathaschangedthewaywelive.ButtherearefearsthatAIhasbecometoointelligentandcouldbeathreattohumanity.Thisclaimmightsoundextreme,butalettersignedbymorethan1,000technologyexperts,includingTeslabossElonMusk,calledontheworldtopresspause(暫停)onthedevelopmentofmoreadvancedAIbecauseoftherisks.EstonianbillionaireJaanTallinn,forexample,whohelpeddevelopcommunicationappSkype,thinksweshouldbecautious.AlsoTheFutureofLifeInstitute,anot-for-profitorganization,saysthatthereshouldbeatemporarypausetocontrolthespeedofadvancedAIdevelopmentandthat“AIsystemswithhuman-competitiveintelligencecancauseprofoundriskstosocietyandhumans.”ThisnegativeviewissupportedbyareportbyinvestmentbankGoldmanSachsthatsaysAIcouldreplacetheequivalentof300millionfull-timejobs.Butitmayalsomeannewjobsandaproductivitybonanza.WemayarguethatAIsuchaschatbotscanhelpus.State-of-the-artChatGPT,forexample,hasbeenhelpingsomestudentswriteassignments.AIisallowingcomputerstothinkoractinamorehumanway.Andmachinelearningmeanscomputerscanlearnwhattodowithoutbeinggivenevidentinstructions.Thetechnologyisimpressive,butasitstartstothinkforitself,willitoutsmartus?However,thefounderofMicrosoft,BillGates,hascalledongovernmentstoworkwithindustryto“l(fā)imittherisks”ofAI.Hesays,“Justastheworldneedsitsbrightestpeoplefocusedonitsbiggestproblems,wewillneedtofocustheworld’sbestAIsonitsbiggestproblems.”Ifthishappens,maybehumanitywillhaveafuture.12.WhatisthemajorfearthatAIcauses?A.Itwillchangeourlifecompletely. B.Itwillcausemanyjoblosses.C.Itwillbetoointelligenttocontrol. D.Itwillreplacemanyothertechnologies.13.Whatdidthetechnologyexpertsdemand?A.SlowingthedevelopmentofAI. B.StoppingtheusingofAI.C.Buildinganot-for-profitorganization. D.HelpingdevelopcommunicationappSkype.14.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“bonanza”inparagraph3?A.Increase. B.Innovation. C.Problem. D.Expense.15.WhydoestheauthorquoteBillGates’words?A.Tocallonjointeffortsofgovernmentandindustries.B.ToexpectBillGates’companytomakethebestAIs.C.ToencouragemoretalentedpeopletoworkwithBillGates.D.ToexpressanoptimisticattitudetowardstheAIdevelopment.【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。人工智能已經(jīng)成為人們生活中的重要部分，但有人擔(dān)心人工智能太過(guò)聰明并且會(huì)威脅人類。針對(duì)這個(gè)話題，本文講述了持有消極態(tài)度和積極態(tài)度的兩種不同觀點(diǎn)。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ButtherearefearsthatAIhasbecometoointelligentandcouldbeathreattohumanity.(但也有人擔(dān)心，人工智能已經(jīng)變得過(guò)于智能，可能對(duì)人類構(gòu)成威脅。)”可知，人工智能造成的主要擔(dān)憂是它會(huì)變得太過(guò)聰明以至于難以控制。故選C。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisclaimmightsoundextreme,butalettersignedbymorethan1,000technologyexperts,includingTeslabossElonMusk,calledontheworldtopresspause(暫停)onthedevelopmentofmoreadvancedAIbecauseoftherisks.(這一說(shuō)法聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能有些極端，但包括特斯拉老板埃隆·馬斯克在內(nèi)的1000多名技術(shù)專家簽署了一封信，呼吁全世界暫停開(kāi)發(fā)更先進(jìn)的人工智能，因?yàn)榇嬖陲L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知，技術(shù)專家們要求減緩人工智能的開(kāi)發(fā)進(jìn)程。故選A?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)and前的“newjobs”可知，人工智能可以帶來(lái)新的工作，再結(jié)合畫(huà)線詞前的productivity可知，這里應(yīng)是說(shuō)人工智能可以促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力提升，bonanza與increase(增長(zhǎng))意思最接近。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“However,thefounderofMicrosoft,BillGates,hascalledongovernmentstoworkwithindustryto‘limittherisks’ofAI.(然而，微軟創(chuàng)始人比爾·蓋茨呼吁各國(guó)政府與工業(yè)界合作‘限制人工智能的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)’。)”可知，比爾·蓋茨呼吁主動(dòng)限制人工智能的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而不是像第二段中提到的技術(shù)專家們呼吁暫停開(kāi)發(fā)AI，再結(jié)合他的話“Justastheworldneedsitsbrightestpeoplefocusedonitsbiggestproblems,wewillneedtofocustheworld’sbestAIsonitsbiggestproblems.(正如世界需要最聰明的人專注于最大的問(wèn)題一樣，我們也需要讓世界上最好的人工智能專注于最大問(wèn)題。)”可推測(cè)出，引述比爾·蓋茨的話是為了表達(dá)對(duì)AI發(fā)展的樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Asthesayinggoes,failureisthemotherofsuccess.Manyofusweretoldfromanearlyagethat,atschoolorinlife,“youlearnfromyourmistakes.”Isthisactuallytrue?Theshortansweris“yes”.___16___Becausewewouldnotliketofaillearningfromourmistakesis,inreality,veryhard.Itdoesn’tfeelgood.Sowereacttofailureinemotionalways,likegivinguponataskeasily,tellingourselveswedon’tcarewhetherwesucceed,orfindingfaultwiththetaskitself.Thisisself-protective,accordingtoHallgeirSjastad,apsychologyprofessor.Inhisopinion,mostofuswanttothinkofourselvesascapable.___17___Fortunatelytherearestrategiestohelpusovercometheemotionalbarriers.___18___.Insteadofasking“WhydidIfail?”,wecouldask“WhydidSamfail?”,forexample.Multiplestudiesshowthiswayhelpstosoftenournegativeemotionalreactions.Alsoitallowsustolookatfailuremoreobjectively.___19___Thisledtobetterlevelsofmotivationandacademicsuccessinthetestgroups—involvingbothadultsandchildren—thatwereaskedtogiveadvicebasedontheirownfailures.ProfessorEskreis-Winklerfoundthatthesatisfactionofhelpingothers“forcespeopletoengagewiththeirexperienceandwhattheyhavelearned”.ThewriterSamuelBeckettoncesaid“failagain,failbetter.”Butitnowseemsthatweshouldsay,“failagain,failsmarter”.___20___,butbylearningtoovercometheemotionalbarriersaroundit,wemayfindtheroadtosuccessisalittleeasiertonavigate(駕馭).A.EveryoneneedssuccessB.HardworkleadstosuccessC.FailurecanbeateachablemomentD.FailureisanunavoidablepartoflifeE.Oneofthemistoadoptathird-personviewF.Next,offeradvicetoothersinthesamepositionasusG.Sowhatfailurecausesisaseriousthreattoourself-image【答案】16.C17.G18.E19.F20.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了如何克服自己的情緒障礙，學(xué)會(huì)從失敗中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，從而獲得進(jìn)步給出了一定的建議。【16題詳解】根據(jù)第一段““youlearnfromyourmistakes.”Isthisactuallytrue?(“你從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)。”這是真的嗎？)”和第二段“Theshortansweris“yes”.(簡(jiǎn)短的回答是“是的”)”可知，人們是可以從錯(cuò)誤和失敗中學(xué)習(xí)的，選項(xiàng)C.Failurecanbeateachablemoment(失敗可能是一個(gè)受教育的時(shí)刻)表達(dá)了這層含義，對(duì)前文進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上一句“Inhisopinion,mostofuswanttothinkofourselvesascapable.(在他看來(lái)，我們大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為自己有能力)”可知，選項(xiàng)G.Sowhatfailurecausesisaseriousthreattoourself-image(所以失敗造成的是對(duì)我們自我形象的嚴(yán)重威脅)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了失敗破壞了人們有能力的形象，使自我形象受到了嚴(yán)重的威脅，同時(shí)也是對(duì)人們失敗所產(chǎn)生的情緒化反應(yīng)的解釋，銜接合理，與本段主題相符。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上一句“Fortunatelytherearestrategiestohelpusovercometheemotionalbarriers.(幸運(yùn)的是，有一些策略可以幫助我們克服情緒障礙)”可知，選項(xiàng)E.Oneofthemistoadoptathird-personview(其中之一就是采用第三人稱視角)中的“them”指代上一句中的“strategies”，指出了其中一個(gè)策略的內(nèi)容，承接上文；結(jié)合下文“Insteadofasking“WhydidIfail?”,wecouldask“WhydidSamfail?”,forexample.(不要問(wèn)“我為什么失敗了？”，我們可以問(wèn)“Sam為什么失敗了？”，例如)”可知，下一句是對(duì)選項(xiàng)E的舉例說(shuō)明，銜接下文。故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)第3小題所選的選項(xiàng)E.Oneofthemistoadoptathird-personview(其中之一就是采用第三人稱視角)可知，第三段主要介紹了幫助人們克服情緒障礙的一個(gè)策略，選項(xiàng)F.Next,offeradvicetoothersinthesamepositionasus(其次，給和我們處境相同的人提建議)在第四段給出了第二個(gè)策略，就是基于自己失敗的經(jīng)歷，給同樣失敗的人提出建議；結(jié)合下一句“Thisledtobetterlevelsofmotivationandacademicsuccessinthetestgroups—involvingbothadultsandchildren—thatwereaskedtogiveadvicebasedontheirownfailures.(這導(dǎo)致被要求根據(jù)自己的失敗給出建議的測(cè)試組(包括成人和兒童)的動(dòng)機(jī)和學(xué)業(yè)成功程度更高)”句中的“This”指代選項(xiàng)F的內(nèi)容，指出了給別人提出建議的策略所產(chǎn)生的的效果，符合語(yǔ)意和語(yǔ)境。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下一句“butbylearningtoovercometheemotionalbarriersaroundit,wemayfindtheroadtosuccessisalittleeasiertonavigate(駕馭).(但是通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)克服它周圍的情緒障礙，我們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)通往成功的道路更容易駕馭)”可知，選項(xiàng)D.Failureisanunavoidablepartoflife(失敗是生活中不可避免的一部分)指出失敗不可避免，但是如果通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)如何克服情緒障礙，學(xué)會(huì)從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)更容易獲得成功，由此可知，選項(xiàng)D與下文語(yǔ)意銜接合理，呼應(yīng)文章主題。故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。6-year-oldQixianCaosetthenewwomen’sworldrecordforsolvinga3×3×3Rubik’scube(魔方)in5.97seconds(average).___21___byacousin,aRubik’scubeplayer,theChinesegirlstarted___22___aRubik’scubeonlyat3.Thewomantaughthertheartof“speed-cubing”,solvingtheworld-famouspuzzleas___23___aspossible.However,afteraboutayear,thegirlgotso___24___itthathercousincouldn’tteachheranymoreandherparentsgotheraspeed-cubing___25___.Undertheprofessionalguidanceshekept___26___fortwotothreehourseveryday,andhertimewasgettingbetterandbetter.However,therewasapointwhereshehitawallandneededallofherfamily’shelpto___27___it.“Shewas___28___at12secondswhenshetriedtospeedto10secondsforthreemonths,”Qixian’smother___29___.“Shepracticedalotbutmadeno____30____andalmostgaveup.”Tomotivateher,theentirefamilytookupthegameandevenparticipatedinadult____31____.However,noonedaredtodreamthatthe____32____speed-cubercouldsetanewworldrecordatthetenderageofsix.Cao’saveragetimeof5.97secondsafterfive____33____ofspeed-cubingwonherthetitleofworldrecordholder.Encouragedbyherrecent____34____,Qixianhasnoplansofslowingdownandisnow____35____thewomen’ssingle-timerecord,whichcurrentlystandsat4.44seconds.21.A.Invited B.Inspired C.Praised D.Fascinated22.A.playingwith B.makingup C.participatingin D.researchingon23.A.easily B.early C.accurately D.quickly24.A.crazyabout B.tiredof C.goodat D.addictedto25.A.partner B.machine C.toy D.coach26.A.sitting B.thinking C.practicing D.sleeping27.A.overcome B.push C.remove D.break28.A.leveled B.limited C.left D.stuck29.A.reported B.recalled C.complained D.added30.A.progress B.difference C.money D.promise31.A.parties B.activities C.competitions D.clubs32.A.devoted B.gifted C.stressed D.discouraged33.A.turns B.rounds C.periods D.minutes34.A.idea B.decision C.failure D.performance35.A.challenging B.making C.keeping D.renewing【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.D26.C27.A28.D29.B30.A31.C32.B33.B34.D35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講述了中國(guó)6歲女孩曹豈嫻以5.97秒的成績(jī)打破了3×3×3魔方的女子世界紀(jì)錄?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這位中國(guó)女孩受到一位玩魔方的表姐的啟發(fā)，從3歲開(kāi)始玩魔方。A.Invited邀請(qǐng)；B.Inspired激勵(lì)，鼓舞，啟發(fā)；C.Praised表?yè)P(yáng)；D.Fascinated迷住。根據(jù)句中的“theChinesegirlstarted______aRubik’scubeonlyat3”可知，她受到表姐的啟發(fā)開(kāi)始玩魔方。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意參考上題。A.playingwith玩；B.makingup編造，構(gòu)成；C.participatingin參加；D.researchingon研究，調(diào)查。根據(jù)句中的“acousin,aRubik’scubeplayer”可知，她開(kāi)始玩魔方。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這位女性教她“速解魔方”的藝術(shù)，以最快的速度解決這個(gè)世界著名的拼圖玩具。A.easily容易地；B.early提前；C.accurately精確地；D.quickly迅速地。根據(jù)句中的“theartof‘speed-cubing’”可知，速解魔方的藝術(shù)是以最快的速度拼好魔方。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：然而，大約一年后，這個(gè)女孩變得非常擅長(zhǎng)這項(xiàng)游戲，以至于她的表姐再也不能教她了，她的父母給她找了一位速解魔方教練。A.crazyabout對(duì)……瘋狂；B.tiredof厭煩；C.goodat擅長(zhǎng)；D.addictedto對(duì)……入迷，對(duì)……上癮。根據(jù)句中的“hercousincouldn’tteachheranymore”可知，她變得非常擅長(zhǎng)解魔方，所以表姐教不了她了。故選C。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.partner同伴；B.machine機(jī)器；C.toy玩具；D.coach教練。根據(jù)下文中的“Undertheprofessionalguidance”可知，父母為她請(qǐng)了一位教練，給予她專業(yè)指導(dǎo)。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在專業(yè)指導(dǎo)下，她每天堅(jiān)持練習(xí)兩到三個(gè)小時(shí)，時(shí)間越來(lái)越好。A.sitting坐；B.thinking思考；C.practicing練習(xí)；D.sleeping睡覺(jué)。根據(jù)下文中的“Shepracticedalot”可知，她保持每天練習(xí)兩到三個(gè)小時(shí)。故選C。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，有一段時(shí)間她遇到了瓶頸，需要所有家人的幫助才能克服。A.overcome克服，戰(zhàn)勝；B.push推動(dòng)，推進(jìn)；C.remove移開(kāi)，去除；D.break（使）破。根據(jù)句中的“therewasapointwhereshehitawall”可知，她遇到了瓶頸，需要幫助克服。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：豈嫻的母親回憶說(shuō)：“三個(gè)月來(lái)，當(dāng)她試圖將速度提快到10秒時(shí)，她被困在了12秒?！盇.leveled使平坦；B.limited有限的；C.left離開(kāi)（某人或某處）；D.stuck卡住的。根據(jù)句中的“at12secondswhenshetriedtospeedto10seconds”可知，她的魔方成績(jī)卡在了12秒。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.reported匯報(bào)；B.recalled回憶起；C.complained抱怨；D.added增加，補(bǔ)充。根據(jù)“Shewas_____at12secondswhenshetriedtospeedto10secondsforthreemonths”可知，這里是她的媽媽回憶的事情。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她練習(xí)了很多，但沒(méi)有進(jìn)步，幾乎放棄了。A.progress進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展；B.difference區(qū)別；C.money錢(qián)；D.promise承諾。根據(jù)but前的“Shepracticedalot”可知，這里與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折，她練習(xí)很多但沒(méi)有任何進(jìn)步。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了激勵(lì)她，全家人都參加了這個(gè)游戲，甚至參加了成人比賽。A.parties派對(duì)；B.activities活動(dòng)；C.competitions比賽；D.clubs俱樂(lè)部。根據(jù)句中的“even”可知，全家人為了激勵(lì)她都參加了這個(gè)游戲，甚至參加成人比賽。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，沒(méi)有人敢夢(mèng)想這位天賦異稟的速解魔方手能在六歲的時(shí)候創(chuàng)造新的世界紀(jì)錄。A.devoted忠誠(chéng)的；B.gifted有天才的，有天賦的；C.stressed焦慮不安；D.discouraged灰心的，喪氣的。根據(jù)上文中的“theChinesegirlstarted______aRubik’scubeonlyat3”和“However,afteraboutayear,thegirlgotso______itthathercousincouldn’tteachheranymore”可知，曹豈嫻3歲開(kāi)始玩魔方，4歲時(shí)就非常擅長(zhǎng)了，由此可知，她是一個(gè)非常有天賦的魔方玩家。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：曹在五輪速解魔方后以5.97秒的平均成績(jī)獲得了世界紀(jì)錄保持者的稱號(hào)。A.turns轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，旋動(dòng)；B.rounds輪次，局；C.periods一段時(shí)間；D.minutes分鐘。根據(jù)句中的“Cao’saveragetimeof5.97seconds”和空前的“five”可知，曹豈嫻在5輪比賽中的平均成績(jī)是5.97秒。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在最近的表現(xiàn)鼓舞下，豈嫻沒(méi)有放松一下的計(jì)劃，現(xiàn)在正在挑戰(zhàn)女子單人紀(jì)錄，目前該紀(jì)錄為4.44秒。A.idea想法；B.decision決定；C.failure失?。籇.performance表演，表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第一段中的“6-year-oldQixianCaosetthenewwomen’sworldrecordforsolvinga3×3×3Rubik’scube(魔方)in5.97seconds(average).(6歲的曹豈嫻以平均5.97的成績(jī)打破了女子3×3×3魔方的新世界紀(jì)錄。)”可知，她最近以平均5.97秒的成績(jī)打破了世界紀(jì)錄，這是她的表現(xiàn)。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.challenging挑戰(zhàn)；B.making制作；C.keeping