高三英語上冊unit-7虛擬語氣

Thesubjunctivemood

虛擬語氣

一、虛擬語氣在非條件句中虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設If+主語+動詞的過去式（動詞be用were)主語+should,would,might,could＋動詞原形與過去相反的假設If+主語+had+過去分詞主語＋should,would,might,could＋have+過去分詞與將來相反的假設1、If+主語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+wereto+動詞原形3、If+主語+should+動詞原形主語＋should,would,might,could＋動詞原形eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.

Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.

IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你，我就會努力學習．如果我知道他的號碼，我就給他打了．如果明天下雨的話，我們會取消比賽．IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould\weretorain,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點：１．當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為：錯綜時間條件句“，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應的調(diào)整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會痊愈了．如果你努力學習的話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學生了．２．省略句在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式．IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.注意：假設省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否認式，不能用動詞的縮略形式．如我們可以說Wereitnotforexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.不可以說Weren’titfortheexpense,…３、用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句．常用的介詞有with,without,butfor等。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars(=Ifyouhadamilliondollars)?Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp).Butfortherain(=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.４、含蓄條件句。有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不是總是出現(xiàn)if引導的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.〔副詞〕Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyoubirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.〔連詞〕Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.〔連詞〕Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.〔獨立主格〕Iwouldbuythebook,butIhavenotenoughmoney.Iwouldhaveboughtthebook,butIdidn’thaveenoughmoney.Ihaven’tenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldbuythebook.Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthebook.我會買那本書的，但我現(xiàn)在沒有錢．我會買那本書的，但我當時沒有錢．我沒有足夠的錢．否那么我會買那本書的．二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運用用于賓語從句１、wish用于后面的賓語從句中。用于后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過去時表過去過去完成時表將來would,might,could＋動詞原形Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgo.但愿我能去．2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.一堅持；二命令；三建議；四要求Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest當表示“暗示、說明“講時，insist表示〞堅持認為“之意時，應用陳述語氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他臉上的表情說明他對我們的工作很滿意．那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢．用于主語從句中

1.Itisnecessary／important／strange／natural／impossible/surprising/apity+that從句。從句中的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should可以省略。2.Itissuggested／desired/ordered/requested/demandedthat…Itisnecessarythatyou(should)cleantheroomafterwork.Itisimportantthathe(should)workharderathislessons.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itisorderedthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.３should表示驚奇、疑心、不滿等情緒，作“竟然〞解，should可省略。句型：Itissurprising/apity/strangethat….Itisapitythatheshouldbesocareless.真可惜他竟然如此粗心．Itisstrangethatheshouldhaveleftwithoutsayinggood-bye.他離開時沒有說再見是很奇怪的．注意：以上句型也可用陳述語氣．

Itisstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.Itisapitythatyoucan’tdance.Iamsurprisedthathe____tohelpmewhenIneededitmost.

A.shouldrefuseB.wouldhaverefusedC.shouldhaverefusedC在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should＋動詞原形〞should可以省略．用語表語從句和同位語從句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.

Itis(high/about)timethat…從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或should＋動詞原形，should不能省略．三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.Ifonly引導的感慨句〔要是．．．該有多好啊IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!wouldrather+從句動詞用過去式

Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.我寧愿你告訴我真相．

asif(asthough)看起來用過去式或過去完成時表虛擬evenif(eventhough)即使Hetreats/treatedtheboyasifhewerehisownson.Hespeaks/spokeasifhehadknownaboutitEvenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.注意：asif/asthough從句的虛擬語氣的動詞不受主句動詞的支配．主從句同時，用過去式；從句先，主句后用過去完成時．Ifitwerenotfor…．Ifithadnotbeenfor…要是沒有．．．Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropwoulddie.Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavemadesomuchprogress.在口語交際中．虛擬語氣省略的情況假設一般過去時只保存did,could,were等助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞。假設是過去完成時，只保存had假設是過去將來時只保存would,might--Haveyoufoundtheanswertothequestion?--IwishIhad.Ican’tgotoBeijingwithyou,butIwishIwould.在Incase和forfearthat“萬一；惟恐〞引導的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用should+動詞原形Takeanumbrellaincaseitshouldrain/rains.IncaseIshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.Idaren’ttellyouwhathedidforfearthatheshouldbeangrywith.Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.wasCAAAThankyou!；高手論壇wpd46xry了笑，以后的事情以后再說，現(xiàn)在的當務之急是找個鐵飯碗，至于將來再危險，也總比現(xiàn)在餓死強?！安贿^既然都走到這一步了，我恐怕也沒有別的路可走了。不是嗎？〞說話之余，此時他們已經(jīng)走到了這條街道的盡頭，與剛剛?cè)藖砣送鶡狒[景象不同，這里就很少有人路過了，甚至有種荒涼的感覺?！斑@……這里是城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合部嗎？〞這里的環(huán)境讓慕容凌娢感到稍許壓抑，她向劉欽詢問，并沒有得到回復。此時，劉欽謹慎的向四周望了望，確定沒有人后，才像特務接頭一樣，小心翼翼地靠近了一堵殘破不堪的墻。并用手在墻上很沒有規(guī)律的敲了幾下?！澳氵@是在干什么？不用這么鬼鬼祟……〞最后一個‘祟’字還沒有說出口，慕容凌娢就被眼前的變化驚呆了，以至于把一系列要問的問題都咽進了肚子里。面前的這堵墻居然自動別離了，還發(fā)出一陣陣機械齒輪