上海市高一上學(xué)期寒假第七講-語法填空翻譯講義

Lesson7Gapfilling(Grammar)&Translation(1)QuestionTypeQuestionTypeCloze【語篇類型】說明文【主題】社會服務(wù)與人際溝通TheBest(andWorst)WaytoSpotaLiarThomasOrmerod'steamofsecurityofficersfacedaseeminglyimpossibletask.AtairportsacrossEurope,theywereaskedtointerviewpassengersontheirbackgroundsandtravelplans.Ormerodhadplantedahandfulofpeoplearrivingatsecuritywitha_____1_____historyandamadeupfuture—andhisteamhadtoguesswhotheywere.Infact,justonein1,000ofthepeopletheyinterviewedwould_____2_____them.Identifyingtheliarshouldhavebeenaboutaseasyasfindinganeedleinahaystack(干草堆).So,whatdidtheydo?Oneoptionwouldbetofocusonbodylanguage,right?Itwouldhavebeenabadidea.Studyafterstudyhasfoundthat_____3_____—evenbytrainedpoliceofficers—toreadliesfrombodylanguageandfacialexpressionsarenotmuchbetterthan_____4_____.Formostpeople,theymightaswelljustflipacoin.Ormerod'steamtriedsomething_____5_____—andmanagedtoidentifythefakepassengersinthevastmajorityofcases.Theirsecret?Tothrowawaymanyoftheacceptedcuestodeception(騙術(shù))andstartafreshwithsome_____6_____techniques.Mostpreviousstudieshadfocusedonreadingaliar'sintentionsviatheirbodylanguageorfromtheir_____7_____—blushing(漲紅的)cheeks,anervouslaugh,darting(飄忽的)eyes.Theidea,saysTimothyLevineattheUniversityofAlabamainBirmingham,wasthattheactoflyingcausessome_____8_____emotionsnerves,guilt,perhapsevenexcitementthataredifficulttocontain.Evenifwethinkwehaveapokerface,wemightstill_____9_____tinyflickersofmovementknownas“microexpressions.”Yetthemorepsychologistslooked,theharderitappearedtounderstandany_____10_____clues.Theproblemisthehuge_____11_____ofhumanbehavior.With_____12_____,youmightbeabletospotafriend'stics(面部肌肉的抽搐)whenevertheyaretellingthetruth,butotherswillprobablyactverydifferently.Thereisno_____13_____dictionaryofbodylanguage.Clearly,anewmethodisneeded.Butgivensomeofthe_____14_____resultsfromthelab,whatshoulditbe?Ormerod'sanswerwasprettysimple:shiftthefocusawayfromthesubtleparticular_____15_____tothewordspeopleareactuallysaying,andgentlyfindtherightpressurepointstomaketheliarfeelashamed.1.A.false B.new C.brilliant D.tragic2.A.forgive B.cheat C.tell D.replace3.A.suggestions B.attempts C.tricks D.introductions4.A.risk B.joke C.chance D.logic5.A.difficult B.similar C.interesting D.different6.A.advanced B.traditional C.straightforward D.mon7.A.face B.gesture C.appearance D.weakness8.A.real B.strong C.positive D.painful9.A.giveup B.giveout C.giveaway D.giveover10.A.important B.reliable C.meaningless D.valuable11.A.amount B.success C.problem D.variety12.A.familiarity B.investigation C.curiosity D.hint13.A.particular B.detailed C.free D.universal14.A.accurate B.disappointing C.available D.excellent15.A.opportunities B.notices C.interests D.habitsKey:15ABBCD610CABCB1115DADBDQuestionQuestionTypeGapfilling(Grammar)&Translation非謂語非謂語復(fù)習(xí)語法填空語法填空考點(diǎn)分布語法填空中非謂語考點(diǎn)的解題步驟語法填空中非謂語考點(diǎn)的解題步驟難度難度：★★★★☆Gapfilling:Grammar1.Itisgreatfun__________(take)photosofbeautifulscenerywhenyouaretraveling.Key:totake2.__________(inform)ofthecurrentnews,whetheritisdomesticoroverseas,ishisdailyroutine.Key:Beinginformed3.—IsBobsillperforming?—I'mafraidnot.Heissaid__________(leave)thestagealreadyashehasbeeanofficial.Key:tohaveleft4.__________(bee)asuccessfulinvestor,afreshbusinessmanshouldconducthimselfinanappropriatebusinesslikemanner.Key:Tobee5.Therewereonlytenminutes__________(remain)whentheyhurriedtothedeparturegateattheairport.Key:remaining6.Mr.Wangmadeuphismindtodevoteallhecouldto__________(improve)hisoralEnglishbeforegoingabroad.Key:toimprove7.Manychildrenhaveformedthehabitofreadingbut__________(nottake)efficientnotesmeanwhile.Key:nottaking8.__________（surround）byalotofnewsmen,thenewlyelectedmayorofthecityfelthehadtosaysomething.Key:Surrounded9.Beerbottlecanberecycled,buttheyneed__________(clean).Key:cleaning/tobecleaned10.__________(expose)totheEnglishbroadcastcandoalotofgoodtoyourEnglishstudy.Key:Beingexposed11.Withsomeurgentbusiness__________(attend)to,Mr.SmithhasdecidedtoputoffhisjourneytoParis.Key:toattend12.Quantitiesofpreciousjewelry,__________(find)burieddeepintheearth,amazedallthepeoplepresent.Key:found13.Icanseenopointin__________(alter)yourappearancebecauseit’syourinnerselfthatreallycounts.Key:altering14.MichaelputupapictureofJeremyLinbesidethebedtokeephimself__________(remind)ofhisowndreams.Key:reminded15.Pottsneverdenied__________(trick)intodoingsomethingsillyonlastAprilFool’sDay.Key:beingtricked翻譯翻譯中的非謂語考點(diǎn)難度難度：★★★★☆Translation1.看孩子們在沙灘上打排球很有趣。(play)It’sfuntolookatthechildren____________________.Key:playingvolleyballonthebeach2.禿頂是由不平衡的飲食習(xí)慣和過重的精神壓力造成的。(result)____________________theunbalancedeatinghabitsandtoomuchstress.Key:Beingbaldresultsfrom3.他排了好幾個小時才買到這個新出的iPhone。(wait)____________________,hefinallyboughtthenewlyreleasediPhone.Key:Havingwaitedforhoursinline4.對于各國政府來說，如何能有效合作并盡快擺脫世界金融危機(jī)至今還是個難題。(how)Forthegovernmentofdifferentcountries,____________________andgetridoftheworldfinancialcrisisassoonaspossibleisstilladifficultproblemuptonow.Key:howtocooperateefficiently5.這個專家所推薦的方法被證明是十分有效的。(remend)Themethod____________________provedtobeveryeffective.Key:remendedbytheexpert6.據(jù)報道數(shù)以百計(jì)的消防員正在參加營救行動。(report)Hundredsoffiremen____________________therescueoperationKey:arereportedtobetakingpartin7.盡管在發(fā)掘?qū)W生潛能方面我們做了很多努力,但仍留下許多領(lǐng)域亟待進(jìn)一步的探索。（remain)Althoughwehavemadegreateffortsinrealizingstudents’potential,manyareasstill____________________.Key:remaintobefurtherexplored8.你是否曾經(jīng)做過危險或可怕的事情，卻不考慮接下來會發(fā)生什么?（without）Haveyoueverdonesomethingdangerousorfrightening____________________?Key:withoutthinkingaboutwhathappensnext難度難度：★★★★★BonusQuestion1.【交大附中高一試題】Asweareatthestartofthecourse,thisseemsaperfectmomenttooffersomepracticaladviceto__________(facilitate)thetaskoflearningEnglish.Key:tofacilitate【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：由于我們正處于課程的開始階段，這似乎是一個提供一些實(shí)用建議來促進(jìn)英語學(xué)習(xí)的最佳時機(jī)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達(dá)的是“來促進(jìn)英語學(xué)習(xí)的建議”，所以此處用不定式作后置定語來表目的。邏輯主語advice和非謂語動詞facilitate是主動關(guān)系。故填tofacilitate。2.【延安中學(xué)高一試題】__________forawholenight,westillcouldn’tagreeonwhentostartandwheretogofortheholiday.(discuss)Key:Havingdiscussed【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：經(jīng)過一整晚的討論，我們?nèi)匀徊荒芫褪裁磿r候出發(fā)和去哪里度假達(dá)成一致。此處句子主語we和discuss之間是一種主動關(guān)系，且discuss發(fā)生在謂語動詞couldn’tagree的前面，是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時間狀語，故填Havingdiscussed。3.【交大附中高一試題】Thedepartmentmanagerwasunemployedafter__________(accuse)oftakingthepanybelongingsforhimself.Key:beingaccused【詳解】考查動名詞。句意：在被指控把公司財(cái)產(chǎn)據(jù)為己有后部門經(jīng)理失業(yè)了。此處應(yīng)用動名詞作為介詞after的賓語，又accuse和manager之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用動名詞的被動式beingdone作賓語，故填beingaccused。4.【復(fù)興中學(xué)高一試題】__________tothesunlightfortoomuchtime,you’llgetsunburnt.(expose)Key:Exposed【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：長時間暴露在陽光下，你會被曬傷的。固定搭配：beexposedto“曝光，暴露”。此處是過去分詞作條件狀語，故填Exposed。5.【格致中學(xué)高一試題】Thestudentsseemed__________(expect)theprofessortotalkjustlikeothers,butthediscoverythathisspeechwasveryinterestingdelightedthem.Key:tohaveexpected考查固定句型。句意：學(xué)生們似乎期望教授像其他人一樣說話。但他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他的演講很有趣，這一點(diǎn)讓他們很高興。seemtodosth似乎在做某事，這里表示已經(jīng)期望，應(yīng)用不定式的完成時形式。故填tohaveexpected。6.【格致中學(xué)高一試題】TheGuinnessWorldRecordsrecognized30yearoldJessicaCoxthefirstpersonwithoutarms__________(fly)anairplane.Key:tofly考查非謂語動詞。句意：30歲的杰西卡·考克斯被吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄認(rèn)定為第一個無臂駕駛飛機(jī)的人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此空為非謂語動詞，作thefirstperson的后置定語，thefirstpersontodosth意為“第一個做某事的人”，故填tofly。7.【七寶中學(xué)高一試題】Thebossiswiseenoughtokeepthosewhoareable________(motivate)throughalltheserewardsandpunishments.Key:motivated【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：老板很聰明，通過所有這些獎懲來激勵那些有能力的人的積極性。分析句子，空格處作賓語補(bǔ)足語，keepsth/sbdone使某人(某事)被…，those與motivate是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞，故填motivated。8.【七寶中學(xué)高一試題】Thesearethedoctors________(send)tothewartornareaforthereliefeffortnextweek.Key:tobesent考查非謂語動詞。句意：這些是下周要被派到戰(zhàn)爭破壞地區(qū)去做救濟(jì)工作的醫(yī)生。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作后置定語，由nextweek判斷用不定式todo表將來，又send和doctors之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動形式tobedone，故填tobesent。9.【交大附中高一試題】昨天我本應(yīng)該給他鋼琴伴奏的，但是有消息說他取消了這次音樂會，因?yàn)樗粻砍兜揭黄饑?yán)重的交通事故中。(suppose)YesterdayIwassupposedtohaveacpaniedhimonthepiano,butwordcamethathehadcancelledthisconcertbecausehewasinvolvedinaserioustrafficaccident.【詳解】考查同位語從句和固定短語。固定短語besupposedtodosth.“本應(yīng)該做某事”，本題是一個同位語的固定句式Wordcamethat…消息傳來；that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句解釋名詞word的內(nèi)容。固定短語beinvolvedin“牽涉進(jìn)”。且結(jié)合句意前半句應(yīng)用一般過去時，后半句應(yīng)用過去完成，且原因狀語從句應(yīng)用一般過去時。故譯為Yesterdayiwassupposedtohaveacpaniedhimonthepiano,butwordcamethathehadcancelledthisconcertbecausehewasinvolvedinaserioustrafficaccident。10.【復(fù)旦附中高一試題】在炎熱的夏日，將食物放在冰箱被認(rèn)為是保藏食物最行之有效的方法。(consider)Inhotsummer,puttingthefoodintherefrigeratorisconsideredtobethemosteffectivewaytopreservefood.【詳解】考查固定短語和主謂一致。固定短語beconsideredto“被認(rèn)為…”，短語themosteffectivewaytodosth.“做某事最有效的方法”；本句為動名詞短語puttingthefoodintherefrigerator做主語，且陳述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時，故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故譯為：Inhotsummer,puttingthefoodintherefrigeratorisconsideredtobethemosteffectivewaytopreservefood.11.【華師大二附中高一試題】和別的假期活動相比，這次考試旨在敦促學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)，讓其意識到“學(xué)習(xí)如逆水行舟”。(mean)paredwithotherholidayactivities,thisassignmentismeanttourgestudentstostudyhardsoastoletthemrealizethatlearningislikesailingagainstthecurrent.【詳解】考查固定短語。固定短語bemeantto“有意要；旨在”；固定短語urgesb.todosth“敦促某人做某事”。且paredwith做伴隨狀語。故譯為paredwithotherholidayactivities,thisassignmentismeanttourgestudentstostudyhardsoastoletthemrealizethatlearningislikesailingagainstthecurrent。12.【華師大二附中高一試題】該車成功地將藝術(shù)與技術(shù)融為一體，自投放市場以來，需求量一直很大。(Having...)Havingsuccessfullyintegrated/bined/mixedartwithtechnology,thecarhasbeeningreatdemandsinceitwasfirstintroduced/launchedintothemarket.【詳解】考查時間狀語從句和非謂語動詞。結(jié)合原文，分析句子可知，“該車成功地將藝術(shù)與技術(shù)融為一體”是原因狀語，因?yàn)檐嚨脑O(shè)計(jì)是先于投放市場，已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式來表示已完成，其中“成功地”可用副詞successfully表示，“融為一體”可用動詞短語integrate/bine/mix...with...表示，可譯為：Havingsucce