現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)無憂

Unit19ModernAgricultureagriculturefarmirrigationfoodcropfieldplantsplainfarminggrainfarmerfertilizerseedprairiecountrysidelandarablelandDiscussthefollowingquestionswithyoupartner.

1、Lookatthepicturesandcomparetraditionalandmodernfarming.2、Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachway?3、Whatotherchangeshavehappenedonfarmsinthelast100years?

Traditionalfarming---

AgricultureModernfarming---

Hi-techfarming---

agricultureTraditionalfarming

Modernfarming

Hi-techfarming

Advantages

Disadvantages

1、Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachway?RaisingchickensSmallscale

LargescaleThefarmercankeeponlyafewchickens.Itdoesnotcostalottokeepthechickens.Itisnotalotofworktokeepthechickens.Thechickensdon’thavemanyproblems.Thechickensarenotsofat.Theeggsandmeattasteverygood.Thechickensarefree.Thefarmercankeepthousandsofchickens.Itcostsalotofmoneytokeepthechickens.It’salotofworktokeepthechickens:feeding,cleaningetc.Ifchickensgetill,manydieormustbekilled.Thechickensarebigandfat.Themeatandeggsdonottastesogood.Thechickensarenotfree.Thefarmercansellthechickendung.FertilisersNaturalfertiliser(manure;alsodung)ChemicalfertiliserIt’sfreeorcanbeboughtatlowprices.It’salotofworktomixitwiththesoil.Ithasabadsmell.Ittakesalotofplacetostore.Itisdifficulttotransport.It’sexpensive.Itisnotalotofworktomixitwiththesoil.Ithasnosmell.Ittakeslittleplacetostore.Itiseasytotransport.HorsepowerAnimals(buffalo;alsoox)Machines(Tractor)Theyarenotsoexpensive.The“fuel”ischeap(grass,hayetc).Theydon’tpollutetheair.Theycanbeusedondifferentland;eghillslopesorwetground.Theneedtorestsometimes.Youcanusethemforabout10-20years.Iftheygetyoungones,yougetmoreforfree.Iftheytotallybreakdown,youcaneatthem.Theyareexpensive.Thefuelisexpensive(gasoline).Theypollutetheair.Theycanonlybeusedonflat(level)anddryterrain.Theydon’tneedtorest.Youcanusethemfor5-20ormoreyearsifyoucangetenoughspare(repair)parts.ClimatecontrolOpenairGreenhouseIftheweatherconditionsarebadyoucanloosethecrops.Thelandscapeismorebeautiful.Thelandmustbegoodforfarming(arableland).Weatherconditionsarecontrolled,sotheycannotdamagecrops.Itisexpensivetobuildandoperate(gas,water,electricity)agreenhouse.Ifthereisapowerfailure,youmaylosecrops.Thelandscapeisugly.Greenhousecanbebuiltwherethelandisnotsuitableforfarming.3、Whatotherchangeshavehappenedonfarmsinthelast100years?Overthelast100yearstherehavebeensomechangesonfarmsandinagriculture:Theuseofmachines,theuseofchemicalfertilizers,theuseofinsectkillers,theuseoffoodsupplementsinanimalfeed,thegrowthofthefarms(biggerfarms),doingtheworkwithworkerswhoarenotpartoffamily,growingdifferentcrops,etc.HowmanyfirstdoweChinesehaveinthehistoryofagriculture??Scanning:Q1:WhatisthebiggestproblemtoChinesefarmers?Q2:WhatdoesGMmean?Chinaisacountrywiththelargestpopulationintheworld,butonlysevenpercentofthelandcanbeusedforfarming.“G”standsfor“genetically”fromtheworld“genes”.“M”standsfor“modified”,whichmeans“changed”.Skimming

Readthewholetext.Findoutthetopicsentenceineachparagraph.Para.1:ForthousandsofyearstraditionalagricultureinChinadidnotchangeverymuch.Para.5:Anothertechniquetriestocreateplantsthatproducemoreandbiggerfruit.Para.4:Usingthelatesttechnologies,Chinesescientistsgrowvegetablesingreenhouses.Para.3:Notonlyisfoodproductionimportantbutalsotakingcareoftheenvironment.Para.2:Overtime,manyfarmingtechniqueshavebeenmodernised.Para.6:Thetomotoisoneofnearly4,500differentplantsthetaregeneticallymodified.

1.HowmuchdoesarablelandtakeupinChina?2.Howmanywaysarementionedtomakethelandproducemore?3.Whatdoesnewtechniquesmean?4.Whendidscientiststarttodevelopnewtechniques?5.Howmanyunusualwaysarementionedtodealwiththeshortageofarableland?Questions:Listentothetext,thenfilltheblanks:1.ThebiggestproblemofChinesesfarmersisthe_______of_______land.Usingthe________technologies,Chinesescientistsgrowvegetables__________.The_______ofthesevegetablesarenotplantedinearthbut_______inwaterthat________allthenutrientsthey______togrow.2.In1993,akindoftomatowas________thatwasverydifferentfromany______before.Itwasdeveloped______atechniqueknownasGM.shortagearablelatestgreenhouserootshangcontainsneeddevelopedgrownusingGreenhouseTheGreenhouseIndustryTheU.S.greenhousevegetableindustryisamixtureofsmall,family-runoperationsinthe2,500to10,000squarefootrangeandasmallnumberoflarge,multi-acrefacilities10acresormoreinsize.Thelargergreenhousesoftenusewasteheatfromapowerplantorothersourceofcogeneration.Canadiangreenhousevegetableproductiongrewatarateof20%ayear.HowhasCanadabeenabletogeneratethishugegrowth?Significantnewgreenhousevegetableproductiontechnologythatwastransferredtocommercialproducershasbeenprimarilyresponsiblefordramaticyieldincreasesoverthelast7-8years,estimatedat100-120%fortomatoesand70-80%forcucumber.Canadaisstronglysupportingitsgreenhousegrowers,bothwithresearchandwithinvestmentdollars.AlthoughmostCanadiangreenhousevegetablesarenotproducedorganically,therehasbeenanemphasisoflatetouseIPMstrategies,ratherthanpesticides,tomodatethegrowingmarketofconsumerswhowantpesticide-freeproduce.Tomatoesaretheleadinggreenhousevegetablecrop,followedbyEuropeancucumbers,lettuce,peppers.

GGGGMfoodWhataregenetically-modifiedfoods?

ThetermGMfoodsorGMOs(genetically-modifiedorganisms)ismostcommonlyusedtorefertocropplantscreatedforhumanoranimalconsumptionusingthelatestmolecularbiologytechniques.Theseplantshavebeenmodifiedinthelaboratorytoenhancedesiredtraitssuchasincreasedresistancetoherbicidesorimprovednutritionalcontentveryrapidlyandwithgreataccuracy.Forexample,plantgeneticistscanisolateageneresponsiblefordroughttoleranceandinsertthatgeneintoadifferentplant.Thenewgenetically-modifiedplantwillgaindroughttoleranceaswell.

WhataresomeoftheadvantagesofGMfoods?

Theworldpopulationhastopped6billionpeopleandispredictedtodoubleinthenext50years.Ensuringanadequatefoodsupplyforthisboomingpopulationisgoingtobeamajorchallengeintheyearstocome.GMfoodspromisetomeetthisneedinanumberofways:1).Pestresistance2).Diseaseresistance3).Coldtolerance

4).Droughttolerance/salinitytolerance5).NutritionThirteencountriesgrewgenetically-engineeredcropscommerciallyin2000,andofthese,theU.S.producedthemajority.In2000,68%ofallGMcropsweregrownbyU.S.farmers.Incomparison,Argentina,CanadaandChinaproducedonly23%,7%and1%,respectively.Soybeansandcornarethetoptwomostwidelygrowncrops(82%ofallGMcropsharvestedin2000)WhataresomeofthecriticismsagainstGMfoods?

MostconcernsaboutGMfoodsfallintothreecategories:environmentalhazards,humanhealthrisks,andeconomicconcerns.kindHowwouldyouchangeit?Whydoyouwanttochangeitinthisway?fruitvegetablesanimalswater-melononionsheepGrowthemlikeblocksinsteadofballsMakesuretheydon’thurtyoureyesanymoreTohaveredwoolEasiertostore,takeslessspaceEasiertopeelandcutLooksfunnyandweneed’tdyewooltomakeclothesThroughGMitispossibletochangefruit,vegetablesandevenanimals.Wecanchangethewaytheygrow,wheretheycangrow,howthey