航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)課件

AviationBasicEnglish航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)2353715248航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)ModuleITerminologyProjectIAviationTerms

Unit1Aircraft’sTypeUnit2Aircraft’sStructureUnit3Aircraft’sSystem

航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)1.Avehiclewhichcanflyisclassifiedasfollows:aircraft飛行器lighter-than-airaircraft

輕于空氣的飛行器balloon氣球airship飛船航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)(2)rotorcraft旋翼式飛行器helicopter直升機(jī)gyroplane旋翼機(jī)(3)glider滑翔機(jī)(4)airplane飛機(jī)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)2.Anairplanecanbedividedintothefollowinggroupsaccordingtothetypesofaircraft’sengine.(1)propeller-drivenaircraft螺旋槳式飛機(jī)pistonpropeller-drivenaircraft

活塞螺旋槳式飛機(jī)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)turbopropaircraft渦輪螺旋槳式飛機(jī)(2)jetaircraft噴氣式飛機(jī)turbojetaircraft渦輪噴氣式飛機(jī)turbofanjetaircraft渦輪風(fēng)扇噴氣式飛機(jī)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)3.Anairplanecanbedividedintothefollowinggroupsaccordingtotheaircraft’sflightvelocity.(1)supersonicaircraft超音速飛機(jī)Supersonicaircrafttravelsfasterthanthespeedofsound.(2)hypersonicaircraft高超音速飛機(jī)Hypersonicaircrafttravelsmuchfasterthanthespeedofsound.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)(3)transonicaircraft跨音速飛機(jī)Transonicaircrafttravelsapproximatelyequaltothespeedofsound.(4)subsonicaircraft亞音速飛機(jī)Subsonicaircrafttravelsslowerthanthespeedofsoundbutalsoveryfast.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)4.An

airplane

can

be

divided

into

the

following

groups

according

to

the

aircraft’s

air

range.

(1)

short-range

aircraft

/

short-haul

aircraft

近程飛機(jī)

The

air

range

is

shorter

than

2400

kilometers.(2)medium-haulaircraft中程飛機(jī)

Theairrangeislongerthan2400kilometersbutshorterthan4800kilometers.(3)long-rangeaircraft/long-haulaircraft遠(yuǎn)程飛機(jī)

Theairrangeislongerthan4800kilometers.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)5.An

airplane

can

be

divided

into

the

following

groups

according

to

the

types

of

landing

gears.

(1)

landplane

陸上飛機(jī)

A

landplane

is

an

airplane

that

can

take

off

from

or

land

on

land.

(2)

seaplane

/

hydroplane

水上飛機(jī)

A

seaplane

or

hydroplane

is

a

type

of

airplane

that

can

take

off

from

or

land

on

water.

(3)

amphibian

[?m'f?b??n]水陸兩用飛機(jī)

An

amphibian

is

an

airplane

which

can

land

on

both

land

and

water.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)6.An

airplane

can

be

divided

into

the

following

groups

according

to

the

number

of

wings.

(1)

monoplane

單翼飛機(jī)

A

monoplane

is

an

airplane

with

a

single

pair

of

wings.

(2)

biplane

雙翼飛機(jī)

A

biplane

is

anold-fashioned

type

of

airplane

with

two

pairs

of

wings,one

above

the

other.

(3)

multiplane

多翼飛機(jī)

A

multiplane

is

an

airplane

with

more

than

two

pairs

of

wings,say,three

or

four

pairs.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)7.

An

airplane

can

be

divided

into

the

following

groups

according

to

the

positions

of

the

wing

relative

to

the

fuselage.

(1)

low

wing

airplane

下單翼飛機(jī)

A

low

wing

airplane

is

an

airplane

whose

wing

is

below

the

cabin.

(2)

mid

wing

airplane

中單翼飛機(jī)

A

mid

wing

airplane

is

an

airplane

whose

wing

is

anywhere

between

the

fuselage.(3)highwingairplane上單翼飛機(jī)

Ahighwingairplaneisanairplanewhosewingisabovethecabin.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)8.

An

airplane

can

be

divided

into

the

following

groups

according

to

its

mission.

(1)

military

aircraft

軍用飛機(jī)

(2)

civil

aircraft

民用機(jī)

航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)ModuleITerminologyProjectIAviationTermsUnit1Aircraft’sType

Unit2Aircraft’sStructureUnit3Aircraft’sSystem航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)1.Airframe(1)fuselage機(jī)身Thefuselage(orbody)oftheairplaneholdsallofthepartstogetherandcarriesthepassengersorcargo.(2)wing/airfoil機(jī)翼Thewingsgeneratemostoftheliftnecessaryforflight.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)<1>aileron副翼Aileronsarepartsofthewingwhichareusedtorolltheaircraft.Atthetrailingedge,it’sanaileron.<2>leadingedgeslat前緣縫翼<3>trailingedgeflap后緣襟翼Flapsandslatsarepartsofthewingwhichareusedduringtakeoffandlandingtoincreaseliftanddrag.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)<4>spoiler擾流板Spoilersarepartsofthewingwhichareusedtorolltheaircraftandtodecreaseliftandincreasedragduringlandings.Betweentheleadingandtrailingedges,it’saspoiler.(3)empennage/thetailassembly尾翼<1>verticalstabilizer垂直安定面、垂直尾翼航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)<2>rudder方向舵Arudderisacontrolsurfaceconnectedtotheverticalstabilizerandisusedtoyawtheaircraft.<3>horizontalstabilizer水平安定面、水平尾翼<4>elevator升降舵Elevatorsarecontrolsurfacesconnectedtothehorizontalstabilizerandareusedtopitchtheaircraft.<5>stabilator全動(dòng)式水平尾翼Stabilatorsarecontrolsurfaceswhichprovidebothhorizontalstabilityandpitchcontrolfortheaircraft.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)(4)landinggear/undercarriage起落架Airplanesrequirelandinggearfortaxiing,takeoffandlanding.(5)powerplant動(dòng)力裝置Mostmodernaircraftarepoweredbygasturbine,orjetengines.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)2.FourForcesontheAircraft(1)lift升力，浮力Liftisamechanicalforcegeneratedbyasolidobjectmovingthroughafluid.(2)gravity/weight重力Weightisaforcethatisalwaysdirectedtowardthecenteroftheearth.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)(3)thrust推力，拉力Thrustisamechanicalforcegeneratedbytheenginestomovetheaircraftthroughtheair.(4)drag阻力Dragisamechanicalforcegeneratedbyasolidobjectmovingthroughafluid.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)3.FuselageConstructioncabin/passengercabin客艙cargo/cargocompartment貨艙cockpit/flightcompartment駕駛艙bulkhead隔板former隔框wingattachmentpoints機(jī)翼安裝處firewall防火墻stringer長(zhǎng)桁stressedskin耐壓蒙皮semi-monocoque半硬殼式結(jié)構(gòu)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)4.WingComponentswingtip翼梢rib翼肋spar翼梁fueltank油箱stringer長(zhǎng)桁skin蒙皮aileron副翼航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)5.EmpennageComponentsverticalstabilizer垂直安定面rudder方向舵horizontalstabilizer水平安定面elevator升降舵stabilator全動(dòng)式水平尾翼trimtab配平調(diào)整片航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)6.LandingGearComponentsnoselandinggear前起落架mainlandinggear主起落架wheel(起落架)輪conventionallandinggear傳統(tǒng)起落架tailwheel機(jī)尾(起落架)輪tricyclelandinggear三輪式起落架nosewheel機(jī)頭(起落架)輪航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)7.PowerPlantCompartmentengine發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，引擎propeller螺旋槳cowling['ka?l??]引擎罩，整流罩firewall防火墻航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)8.Fastener緊固件structuraljoint結(jié)構(gòu)縫shank軸cotter開口銷washer墊圈hinge鉸鏈wrench扳鉗bearing軸承bolt螺栓，螺釘rivet鉚釘swage接頭鎖緊螺母nut螺母，螺帽pin銷釘screw螺絲航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)9.Implement工具millingmachine銑床boringmachine鏜床punchingmachine沖床turningmachine車床sawingmachine鋸床routingmachine特形銑床航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)ModuleITerminologyProjectIAviationTermsUnit1Aircraft’sTypeUnit2Aircraft’sStructureUnit3Aircraft’sSystem航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)Aircraft’sSystem航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)1.HydraulicSystem液壓系統(tǒng)Amongtheunitscommonlyoperatedbyhydraulicsystemsarelandinggear,wingflaps,speedandwheelbrakes,fixed-wingandrotary-wingfoldingmechanismsandflightcontrolsurfaces.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)Therearethreetypesofhydraulicfluidscurrentlybeingusedincivilaircraft：

Thephosphateesterbasefluidsareusedinhighperformancepistonenginesandturbopropaircraft.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)reservoir液壓油箱filter過(guò)濾器accumulator蓄壓器checkvalve單向閥handpump手動(dòng)泵power-drivenpump動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)泵pressureregulator壓力調(diào)節(jié)器pressuregage壓力表reliefvalve減壓閥，安全閥actuatingunit動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)裝置piston活塞cylinder汽缸actuatingcylinder作動(dòng)筒Abasichydraulicsystemincludes:航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)1.reservoir2.power-drivenpump3.filter4.pressureregulator5.accumulator6.checkvalve7.handpump8.pressuregage9.reliefvalve10.actuatingunit11.cylinder航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)2.FuelSystem燃油系統(tǒng)Theaircraftfuelsystemstoresfuelanddeliverstheproperamountofcleanfuelattherightpressuretomeetthedemandsoftheengine.Awelldesignedfuelsystemensurespositiveandreliablefuelflowthroughoutallphasesofflight,whichincludechangesinattitude,violentmaneuversandsuddenaccelerationanddeceleration.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)Theindicatorssuchasfuelpressuregages,warningsignalsandtankquantitygagesareprovidedtogivecontinuousindicationsofhowthesystemisfunctioning.

Gasoline（汽油）andkerosene（煤油）

arethetwomostwidelyusedaviationfuels（航空燃料）.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)Twotypesofjetturbineengine（渦輪噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）fuelincommonusetodayare:

kerosenegradeturbinefuel煤油渦輪燃料ablendofgasolineandkerosenefractions汽煤混合餾分燃料航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)Theintegralfueltank（整體油箱）inajetairlinerhas：fueltank油箱maintank主油箱reservetank/auxiliarytank儲(chǔ)備油箱centertank中央油箱trimtank重心調(diào)整油箱ventsurgetank通風(fēng)(防震動(dòng))油箱horizontalstabilizertank(onsomeaircraft)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)Twotypesoffuelfeedsystemareusedtosupplythefueltotheengines.Theyare:gravityfeedsystem

重力式供給系統(tǒng)pressurefeedsystem壓力式供給系統(tǒng)Thegravityfeedsystemisthesimplesttypewhichisstillinuseonmanylow-poweredairplane,whilethepressurefeedsystemismuchcomplexinconstructionandoperation.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)manifoldcross-feedsystem總管交輸系統(tǒng)firewallshut-offvalve防火墻關(guān)斷活門tank油箱filter過(guò)濾器manifoldvalve總管閥auxiliarytank儲(chǔ)備油箱fuelmanifold燃油總管refuelingreceptacle燃油加注接頭booster/boostpump增壓泵tankshut-offvalve油箱關(guān)斷活門engine-drivenfuelpump發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)燃油泵航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)3.FlightControlSystem飛行操縱系統(tǒng)Flightcontrolistheactiontakentomaketheaircraftfollowanydesiredflightpath.Whenanaircraftissaidtobecontrollable,itmeansthattheaircraftrespondseasilyandpromptlytothemovementofthecontrols.Movingthecontrolsurfacesonanaircraftchangestheairflowovertheaircraft’ssurface.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)Theflightcontrolsurfacesarehingedormovableairfoilsdesignedtochangetheattitudeoftheaircraftduringflight.Thesesurfacesmaybedividedintothreegroups,usuallyreferredtoastheprimarygroupandauxiliarygroup.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)Theprimarygroupincludestheailerons,elevatorsandrudder.Theyareusedformovingtheaircraftaboutitsthreeaxes.Theaileronsandelevatorsaregenerallyoperatedfromthecockpitbyacontrolstickonsingle-engineaircraftandbyawheelandyokeassemblyonmulti-engineaircraft.Therudderisoperatedbyfootpedalsonalltypesofaircraft.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)Theauxiliarygroupincludesspoilers,speedbrakes,slatsandflaps.Theauxiliarygroupmaybedividedintotwosub-groups:theliftaugmentingdevicesandtheliftdecreasingdevices.Theliftaugmentingdevicesaretrailingedgeflapsandleadingedgeslats.Theliftdecreasingdevicesarespeedbrakesandspoilers.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)Theflightcontrolsystemsmaybedividedintotwomajorparts:theprimarycontrolsystemsandtheauxiliarycontrolsystems.Theprimarycontrolsystemsareusedtocontroltheprimarygroupofcontrolsurfaces,whiletheauxiliarycontrolsystemsareusedtocontroltheauxiliarygroupsofcontrolsurfaces.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)(1)controlsurface操縱面<1>primarycontrolsurface主操縱面aileron副翼rudder方向舵elevator升降舵<2>auxiliarycontrolsurface輔助操縱面trim調(diào)整片flap襟翼speedbrake減速板horizontalstabilizer水平安定面航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)(2)primarycontrolsystem主操縱系統(tǒng)(3)auxiliarycontrolsystem輔助操縱系統(tǒng)(4)controlstick操縱桿(5)footpedal腳蹬(6)controlcolumn駕駛桿(7)controlwheel駕駛盤(8)push-pullrod推拉桿航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)Differentcontrolsurfacesareusedtocontroltheaircraftabouteachofthethreeaxes.(1)verticalaxis/yawaxis垂直軸yaw偏航Thenoseoftheaircraftswingsfromsidetoside.(2)lateralaxis/pitchaxis橫軸pitch俯仰Thenoseoftheaircraftmovesupanddown.(3)longitudinalaxis/rollaxis縱軸roll滾轉(zhuǎn)Thewingsoftheaircraftmoveupanddown.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)4.LandingGearSystem起落架系統(tǒng)Thelandinggearofafixed-wingaircraftconsistsofmainandauxiliaryunits,eitherofwhichmayormaynotberetractable.Theauxiliarylandinggearconsistsoftailornosewheelinstallations,outboardpontoons（浮筒）,skids（剎車）,etc.,withnecessarycowlingandreinforcement.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)Themainlandinggearformstheprinciplesupportoftheaircraftonlandorwaterandmayincludeanycombinationofwheels,floats,skids,shock-absorbingequipment,brakes,retractingmechanismwithcontrolsandwarningdevices,cowling,fairing（整流罩）andstructuralmembersnecessarytoattachanyoftheforegoingtotheprimarystructure.航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)inboardretractingmaingear

向內(nèi)收起式主起落架forwardretractingnosegear

向前收起式前起落架tailwheelgear后三點(diǎn)式起落架tricyclegear前三點(diǎn)式起落架landinggearbay起落架艙landingstrut起落架支柱航空基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)gearretraction起落架收起handc