高三英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)不定式講義

2024屆二輪語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)——不定式2023真題及模擬題探究1.【2023高考】Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattentiontoglobalwaterissues.NinarecentlyfinishedheryearlongseriesofrunsinChicago,wheretoaddressfacing(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobalcampaigncalled“RunBlue”.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，toaddress充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2.【2023東城一模】Onaparticularsunnyday,littleMykelwasdeterminedtolearntoridehisbikewithoutthehelpoftrainingwheels.Whentheneighborhoodkids_spotted__(spot)Mykelshakilycontrollinghisbike,theyracedovertohelp(help).Someheldthebikesteadywhileothersofferedencouragement.Mykelwasnotaloneashetriedtoreachhisgoaloflearningtoridehisbike!Somethingsareeasily(easy)saidthandone.However,withalittlehelpfromfriends,thingsgobetter!解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，tohelp充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)3.【2023西城一?！縄t’ssaidthattheEnglishiman,hishouseishiscastle.however,thisdoesnotmeanthathishouseisabeautifulpalacethatothers_areinvited_____(invite)tosee.FortheBritish,thehomeisaplacetoprotectoneselffromtheoutsideworld.It’saprivateplaceinwhichhegoestohideawayfromthetroublesoflife.ToAmerican,thehomeisanexpressionof_himself___(he).Muchmoneyisofoftenspentoneachandeveryroomtocreate(create)theright“feel”accordingtotheperson’slifestyle.Therefore,hisishappytoshowhishousetoothers.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表示“來(lái)...”為目的，應(yīng)為不定式tocreate.4.【2023海淀一模】“Conventionalwisdomtellsusthatwecanfeelhappierifwesmileorthatwecangetourselvesin/intoamoreseriousmoodifwescowl(怒視),”saidNicholasColes,aPhDatUtahUniversity.Histeambineddatafrom138studiestestingmorethan11,000participantsandfoundfacialexpressions(express)dohaveimpactonfeelings.Forexample,smilingmakespeoplehappier,scowlingmakesthemfeelangrier,andfrowningmakesthemsadder(sad).Thesefindingsareexcitingbecausetheyprovideaclueabouthowthemindandbodyinteracttoinfluence(influence)ourconsciousexperienceofemotion.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷toinfluence充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。5.【2023東城二?！縍eadingisauniquehumanexperience.Justbyskimmingoureyesoversomewords,wecanmentally(mental)travelacrosstimeandspace.Butreadingcanalsobehard,especiallywhenwe'refacedwithadifficulttext.Tomake(make)itaneasier,morerewardingexperience,you'dbetterreadinprintwheneverpossible.Onereasonfordoingsoisthatoureyesarelesslikelytoskimpastprintedwordsthanthoseonscreen.Plus,consumingcontentonaphysicalpagehelpsthebrainmakeamentalmapoftheinformation,whichinturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetailsinfuture.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷tomake充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。6.【2023朝陽(yáng)二?！縒angDakang,aged88,isamodeloflifelonglearning.Inthe1980s,hewasthefirstpersontoacplish(acplish)aroundtripofChinausingonlyabicycle.Toeditthisexperienceintohisbook,Wangdecidedtogotocollege.Attheageof61,hewasadmitted(admit)intocollege,majoringinjournalism.By2012,hehadpletedthreemajorsincollege.Atpresent,WanglivesinLeshan,wherehespendshisdaysfollowingcarefullyplanned(plan)routines.Hisstudystartsat6ameverymorning,duringwhichhereadsandtakesnotesfromnewspapers.Wangsaid,“ThereissomuchtolearnandIwillcontinuelearninguntiltheveryend.”解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式用在thefirst后面做定語(yǔ)。7.【2023朝陽(yáng)期末】OnOctober12th,Shenzhou14crewmembersgivealiveclasstothestudentsonEarth.Duringtheclass,thecrewshowedthestudentsascienceglovebox,wheretheplantsexperimentsareperformed.Then,theastronautshadrealtimeinteractionswithstudentsthroughvideocallsandtheyansweredstudents’questionslike“Whatkindsofplantswillbebrought(bring)tospaceinfuturespaceflights?”Attheendoftheclass,thecrewsaid,“Weexpectyouguystobuild(build)ourspacehomebetterinthefuture.”解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式tobuild充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。8.【2023豐臺(tái)期末】Garyisachildren’sbookauthor.Hefirstbecameinterested(interest)incartoonartwhenhewasachild.Heenjoyedwritingstoriesabouthischaractersandsharingthem(they)withothers.However,hewasquitedisappointedwhentheadultspraisedhiscartoonworksjustoutofpoliteness.__Toimprove___(improve)thisawkwardsituation,Garystartedwritingfunnystories.Heknew(know)evenpoliteadultscouldnotpretendalaugh解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式Toimprove充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。9.【2023東城期末】LanguageDaysattheUnitedNationsseektocelebrate(celebrate)culturaldiversityandpromoteequalusageoftheofficiallanguages.Therearesixdaysforeachofthesixofficiallanguages.TheChineselanguageisoneofthesixofficiallanguageschosenbytheUnitedNations,theUNChineseLanguageDayisheld(hold)onApril20everyyear.ThedatewasselectedfromGuyu,whichisthe6thof24solartermsinthetraditionalChinesecalendar.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式toseek充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。10.【2023海淀期末】Governmentsatalllevelshavemadecontinuouseffortstoreducethefinancialburdenonhouserenters,especiallythose_who___arenewcollegegraduates.AreportbytheMeadinAcademysaysthatcollegegraduates__surveyed_(survey)prefertoliveinapartmentsnearpaniesorrailwaystationstofacilitetheirmute.Astohouserents,mostcollegegraduatsstillneedassistance(assistant)fromtheirparentsandonlyabout20percentofthempaytherentthemselves.Tohelp(help)lowerthefinancialburdensofyoungpeople,manygovernmentsandpanieshavegiventheirsupportinhouserentals.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式tohelp充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。11.【2023西城期末】Gratituleismorethatjustsaying“thankyou”.Gratitudeisadeeperappreciationforsomeonworsomething.Expressinggratidudemakesusfeelapositiveemotion.Overthepastthirtyyears,there_havebeen___(be)manystudiesshowingthatwritingagratitudelettertoanotherpersonoffersanopportunity___toescape(escape)fromnegativeemotions.Evenifwedon’tshareourwritingwithanyone,theactofpletingtheexercisealonemakesushappierandmoresatisfied(satisfied)withlife.Themoreweexpressgratitude,themorepositivewefeel.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式toescape充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)12.【2022年高考真題】Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlateintheevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.Focusedonbalancingthebags,shedidn’tnoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.AsHelenwalkedon,sheheardamanchargingtowardsher.Fearfulthathemighthaveanintentiontoharm(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.Eventually,themancaught(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式toharm充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。13.【2021年高考真題】Therehasbeen(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,caused(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewereresultingineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneedtoinvest(invest)indisasterprevention.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷這是個(gè)表未來(lái)的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用不定時(shí)做后置定語(yǔ)。14.【2022年高考真題】解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷考察ittakessometimetodosth,因此填tobreak.15.【2023朝陽(yáng)期中】Extremeheatisbeingincreasinglymonacrosstheglobe.Itisanextremely(extreme)dangerousweatherconditionwherethetemperaturesaremuchhotterthanaverage.It’sclearthathowhotfuturesummerswillgetdependsonhowhumansdotostopclimatechange.Governmentsappealtopeopletoreducegreenhousegases(gas)—likemethane(甲烷)andcarbondioxide(CO2)—intheatmosphere.Also,theywillsetuppubliccoolingstationstoprotect(protect)peopleatrisk.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式toprotect充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。16.【2022朝陽(yáng)期末】WangYaping,theChinesefemaleastronautonboardShenzhou13,enteredtheTiangongspacestation,whosenamemeansHeavenlyPalace,onOctober16.Sheisthefirstfemaleastronauttovisit(visit)China’sspacestationandcarryoutextravehicularactivities.BorninYantai,Wangbecamethesecondfemaleastronautinspaceflight.Duringthismission,Wang,asoneofthecrewmembers(member),willstayinorbitforsixmonths,settinganewrecordforChina’smannedspacemissionduration.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式用在thefirst后面做定語(yǔ)。17.【2022朝陽(yáng)二模】Weknowthatgetting(get)somefreshaircanbeamoodlifter,butnowaGermanstudygivesusinsightintowhy.Whenresearchersexaminedparticipants’brains,theydiscoveredthatthosewhospentmoretimeoutsidehadalargervolumeofgraymatterintherightprefrontalcortex—theareainvolvedinplanningthoughtsandactions.Ofcourse,gettingoutsidecoulddomoregoodthanamoodshiftbecauseearlierstudieshavefoundthatlessprefrontalgraymatterislinkedtodepression.Therefore,makeitagoaltospend(spend)atleastonehouroutsideeveryday.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷這是個(gè)表未來(lái)的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)填tospend.18.【2022東城一?！縊n15May,2021,Chinabecamethesecondcountrytoland(land)aspacecraftonMars.Therover,Zhurong,wascarried(carry)toMarsonboardtheTianwen1spacecraft,whichwaslaunchedinJuly2020.Equippedwithcamerasandaradar,Zhurong’staskwastosearchforsignsoflife.Ithasworked(work)onMarssurfaceforovertenmonthsandisingoodshape.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式用在thesecond后面做定語(yǔ)。19.【2022西城一?！緼whitetelephonebooth(亭),knownasthePhoneoftheWind,sits(sit)inagardenontopofahill.Thoughdisconneced(disconnect),thephoneservesasurprisingpurpose:helpingpeoplespeakoutwhattheyfeelembarrassedtosayinfrontofothers.Havingthought(think)abouttheideaforalongtime,Sasakifinallybuiltthebooth.“Mythoughtscan’tberelayedoveraregularphoneline,soIwantthemtobecarried(carry)onthewind.Ihopeotherscanalsoexpresstheirfeelingsinthesameway.”解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)20.【2022西城二?！縎incelastmonth,morethanhalfofAmerica’sschooldistrictshavereported/havebeenreporting(report)“severe”or“desperate”schoolbusdrivershortages.SufferinglikethismakesthemthankfulforpeoplelikeMichaelMason.Drivingaschoolbusisn’tMichaelMason’sfirstjob;heusedtoworkforthegovernment.Butunlikemanyretirees,Masonisnotsittinghomeandrelaxing.Tolend(lend)ahelpinghand,hestartedanewjob—abusdriver.Masonhopestoinspireothersinthemunity.Hesays,“Ibelieveifallofusgivealittlesomething,wewillmake(make)adifferenceintheworld.”解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷tolend充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)成分。21.【2021東城一模】Emmawasonherwayhomewhensheheardasuddenscream.Lookingaround,shesawalittleboyonthesidewalkgasping(急喘)forair,hisfrightened(frighten)motherbeggingforhelp.Emmarushedtotheboy,whosefacehadturnedpurple.“What’swrong?”“Acandy!Inhisthroat!”ItwasluckythatEmmahadlearnedhowtoperform(perform)theHeimlichmaneuver(海姆利克急救法)atschool.Sheactedquickly.Soon,theboycoughedupapieceofcandyandbeganbreathingagain.Hewassaved(save)intime.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷疑問(wèn)詞how接動(dòng)詞不定式。22.【2021西城二?！縎martphoneshavebeeanessentialpartofourdailylives.However,toprotect(protect)youngerstudents’eyesightandmakesuretheyfocusontheirstudies,primaryandmiddleschoolswillhavemorespecificrulestolimitstudents’mobilephoneuseoncampus.TheMinistryofEducationhavereleased(release)anoticeinJanuarythatrestrictsprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsfromcarryingmobilephonestoschool.Thosewhostillrequiretheirphonesforsomereasonmustgettheirparents’andteachers’approvalandmusthandtheirphonesoverduringclasstime.Thepolicyaimstoimprovestudents’focusonstudyandfightforaddiction(addict)totheinternetandgames.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式toprotect作目的狀語(yǔ)。23.【2021豐臺(tái)二?！緼nemailinvitationisanelectronicmeansofsendinganinvitetoapersonoragroupofpeopletoe(e)toaparticularevent.Itisthetechnologicalversionofsendinganinvitationbymail.Mostpeopleturntothismethodbecauseofvariousreasons.Oneofthemiscosteffectiveness.Unlikethetraditional(tradition)invitation,youhavetospendaconsiderableamountofmoneytoprintinvitationsplusanadditionalcosttosendthem.Byusingformal

emailinPDF,allyouneedisadigitalgraphicprint,typewrittenwords,andinternettosendtoeveryone.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式toe作后置定語(yǔ)。24.【2021西城期末】TheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund,alsoknownasUNICEF,isaUnitedNationsorganizationbasedinNewYork.Itoffershelpneededbychildrenallovertheworld.UNICEFwasfounded(found)on11December,1946toprovidefoodandhealthcaretochildrenincountriesdamagedinWorldWarII.Since1953,UNICEFhastaken(take)upanextendedmissiontohelpchildreninthedevelopingworld,includingthoselivingwithdiseaseordisabilities,andthoseaffectedbyrapidmodernizationandenvironmentalproblems(problem).Now,UNICEFhasbeenworkingtoimprove(improve)thelivesofchildrenandtheirfamiliesacross190countriesandterritories.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式toimprove作賓語(yǔ)。25.【2021東城期末】About5,000yearsago,astrangecircleofbluestonesweresetupinBritain.Thestructurehas80stonesinallandeachstoneweighs(weigh)aboutthreetons.Nooneissurewhobuiltthestructure.OneofthemostpopularbeliefsisthattheCeltsbuiltit.SomeeventhinkcreaturesfromanotherplanetwhovisitedEarthleftitbehindjusttolet(let)usknowtheywerehere.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷應(yīng)填寫(xiě)不定式tolet,作狀語(yǔ)。【2021豐臺(tái)期末】TheInternationalDayofFamilies,whichwasnamed(name)bytheUnitedNationsin1993,isheldonMay15theveryyear.Thedaycelebratestheimportance(important)offamilies.Itaimstodevelop(develop)people’sunderstandingofissuesthatarerelatedtofamilies.Withadifferentthemeeachyear,thedayisobservedwithawiderangeofeventsthatareorganizedatlocal,nationalandinternationallevels.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷固定搭配aimtodosth,應(yīng)填不定式todevelop.27.【2020朝陽(yáng)期末】Whilebottledwaterisconvenient,itisalsoreallybadfortheenvironment.Notonlydoesitcreaterubbish,butitalsousesmoreresourcesbecauseitisshipped(ship)tothestore.Tobemoreecofriendly,makeitahabittocarry(carry)areusablewaterbottlewithyoueverywheresothatyoucandrinkwateronthego.Plasticbottlesareusuallythelightest(light)andmostconvenient.Youcanalsofindglasswaterbottlesthatareagreatchoiceifyoudon’tlikeusingplastic.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式tocarry作定語(yǔ)。28.【2020朝陽(yáng)一?！縒ithourgraduationdayaroundthecorner,Iwasbusypreparingpresentsformyfriends.Asusual,Iwalkedintotheclassroom,onlytofind(find)abigboxstandingthere.Approaching,Isawmynamewritten/waswritten(write)onit.Iwasquiteshockedwhentheboxwasopened/opened(open)andIsaw“myself”,avividstatue,sittinginsidesmilingupatme.Iwasatapletelossforwords.Itwasthemostunique,unconventionalpresentinmylife.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷不定式tofind作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，onlytodosth固定搭配。29.【2020朝陽(yáng)二模】AUSastronaut,ChristinaKoch,spent328daysinspace,whichisarecordforafemaleastronaut.Shepletedhermission,landinginaremoteareaofKazakhstan.Kochconcludedsixspacewalksandshedidsomeexperimentsthatstudiedif/whetherpeopleareabletoliveoutsideEarth.Hertimeinspaceallowsresearcherstostudy(study)theeffectsofalongtermspaceflightonthefemalebody.NASAsaysthefindingswillhelp(help)theagencyduringitsfuturemissionstothemoonandMars.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷此處考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)填不定式tostudy，allowsbtodosth為固定搭配。30.【2020朝陽(yáng)二模】TheDunhuangMogaoGrottoesisaworldheritage（遺產(chǎn))sitelocated(locate)inGansuProvince,NorthwestChina.In2016,thefirstphaseoftheDigitalDunhuangresourcedatabasewentonline.Nowpeoplefromallovertheworldcanenjoyhighdefinitionimagesandpanoramic（全景的)toursof30cavesontheDigitalDunhuangwebsite.DigitalDunhuangintegrates(integrate)allkindsofdata,includingvideos,3Ddata,picturesandothers,intodigitalimagesthatcanbesharedgloballyovertheInternet.AlthoughtheDigitalDunhuangprojecthasalongwaytogo(go),ithassignificantmeaningtocultural(culture)heritageprotection.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷此處考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不定式togo作定語(yǔ)，同時(shí)表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生?！?020東城一?！縊nemorning,Itoldmyhusbandjokinglythathe’ddroppedtheballbecausehehadn’tmademecoffeeandIwashavingtroublegettingmotivatedtostart(start)theday.Myfiveyearoldsonoverheardmeandaskedwhat“droptheball”meant.Itoldhimitwasjustsomethinglikemakingamistake.Afewminuteslater,hecameintoourbedroomholding(hold)anoverflowingcoffeecupwithadishclothunderneathittocatchthedrops.Hesaidtomyhusband,“Youdroppedtheball,butIpickedtheballup,”andhehandedmetheworsttasting,mostwatereddownbutsweetest(sweet)cupofcoffeeever.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷此處考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不定式tostart,作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)?！?020豐臺(tái)一?！緼t9feettallandweighingabout250pounds,theostrich(鴕鳥(niǎo))istheworld’slargestbird.Asthemythgoes,afrightenedostrichwillburyitsheadinthesandtomake(make)itselfinvisibletoitshunters.Ifthatsoundslikea“birdbrained”waytoescapedanger,you’reright!Actually,theostrichplaysdeadinthisway.Whenthisbehaviorisseen(see)fromadistance,theostrich’sheadmightnotbevisible,giving(give)thefalseimpressionthatitsheadisburied.解題策略：首先理解語(yǔ)篇和所給詞所在的句子大意，其次判斷此處考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不定式tomake,作狀語(yǔ)。用法總結(jié)：定義：動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，它沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，但它仍保持動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，既可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。（一）基本形式1.不定式的構(gòu)成（以動(dòng)詞do為例）主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing無(wú)完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing無(wú)（二）不定式的用法：動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。因此在句中可以做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。1.不定式做主語(yǔ)：不定式做主語(yǔ)一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。動(dòng)名詞doing表示習(xí)慣的，經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作。注意：1)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)2)it形式主語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí)，常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將不定式放到謂語(yǔ)的后面。3）主系表結(jié)構(gòu)Toseeistobelieve.不定式做表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)多用aimdutyhopeideaintentionplanjobsuggestionwishpurposetask等抽象名詞或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說(shuō)明其內(nèi)容,不定式作表語(yǔ)常表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。3.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)ask,agree,care,choose,demand,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等只能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)*注意:1某些及物動(dòng)詞可用ing也可用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)但意義不同，比如：stopgoonrememberforgetregrettrymeancan’thelpbeusedto2某些及物動(dòng)詞think,believe,consider,feel,find,make等后常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)e.gTechnologymakesitpossibletorealizeourdream.4．動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)1）不定式作定語(yǔ)需要后置2）作定語(yǔ)的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞存在著三種主要的邏輯關(guān)系，即被修飾的名詞和代詞是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)（邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）或邏輯賓語(yǔ)（邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）或同位關(guān)系5．賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1）有些動(dòng)詞后常接不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如:advisemandforceallowexpectintendbegpreferremindorderpermitpel有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)votefor,callon,counton,relyon,dependon,longfor,waitfor等后面，也可以跟to不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。不定式做狀語(yǔ)不定式做狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、條件等。1、表目的e.g.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewell,youmusttryyourbest(主語(yǔ)一致)Hecameheretoattendanimportantmeeting.2、表結(jié)果不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果常見(jiàn)于下列句型so…asto…Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?such(…)asto…I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.adj./adv.+enoughto…Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.too…to…Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.onlytofind,onlytobetold出乎意料之外的結(jié)果3．表原因不定式可以用于情感形容詞或ed分詞后表示原因。Hewastooexcitedtogethighmarks.（三）常見(jiàn)的含有動(dòng)詞不定式的句式：1.Ittakessb.sometime（money）todosth.2.It’stimetodosth.3.主語(yǔ)＋be（not）+adj.+enoughtodosth.4.sb.+beready+todosth.5.It’s+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.6.主+wouldlike/lovetodosth.…喜歡（想做某事）7.hadbetterdosth.（…最好做…）8.It’sone’sturntodosth.請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)俅位氐秸Z(yǔ)篇中，閱讀文段并理解句意，體會(huì)副詞的用法。1.【2023高考】Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattentionglobalwaterissues.NinarecentlyfinishedheryearlongseriesofrunsinChicago,thousandswereattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobalcampaigncalled“RunBlue”.2.【2023東城一?！縊naparticularsunnyday,littleMykelwasdeterminedtolearntoridehisbikewithoutthehelpoftrainingwheels.Whentheneighborhoodkids___(spot)Mykelshakilycontrollinghisbike,theyracedoverto(help).Someheldthebikesteadywhileothersofferedencouragement.Mykelwasnotaloneashetriedtoreachhisgoaloflearningtoridehisbike!Somethingsare(easy)saidthandone.However,withalittlehelpfromfriends,thingsgobetter!3.【2023西城一模】It’ssaidthattheEnglishiman,hishouseishiscastle.however,thisdoesnotmeanthathishouseisabeautifulpalacethatothers______(invite)tosee.FortheBritish,thehomeisaplacetoprotectoneselffromtheoutsideworld.It’saprivateplaceinwhichhegoestohideawayfromthetroublesoflife.ToAmerican,thehomeisanexpressionof____(he).Muchmoneyisofoftenspentoneachandeveryroom________(create)theright“feel”accordingtotheperson’slifestyle.Therefore,hisishappytoshowhishousetoothers.4.【2023海淀一?！俊癈onventionalwisdomtellsusthatwecanfeelhappierifwesmileorthatwecangetourselves________amoreseriousmoodifwescowl(怒視),”saidNicholasColes,aPhDatUtahUniversity.Histeambineddatafrom138studiestestingmorethan11,000participantsandfoundfacial___________(express)dohaveimpactonfeelings.Forexample,smilingmakespeoplehappier,scowlingmakesthemfeelangrier,andfrowningmakesthem________(sad).Thesefindingsareexcitingbecausetheyprovideaclueabouthowthemindandbodyinteracttoinfluence(influence)ourconsciousexperienceofemotion.5.【2023東城二?！縍eadingisauniquehumanexperience.Justbyskimmingoureyesoversomewords,wecan________(mental)travelacrosstimeandspace.Butreadingcanalsobehard,especiallywhenwe'refacedwithadifficulttext._________(make)itaneasier,morerewardingexperience,you'dbetterreadinprintwheneverpossible.Onereasonfordoingsoisthatoureyesarelesslikelytoskimpastprintedwordsthanthoseonscreen.Plus,consumingcontentonaphysicalpagehelpsthebrainmakeamentalmapoftheinformation,________inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetailsinfuture.6.【2023朝陽(yáng)二?！縒angDakang,aged88,isamodeloflifelonglearning.Inthe1980s,hewasthefirstperson___________(acplish)aroundtripofChinausingonlyabicycle.Toeditthisexperienceintohisbook,Wangdecidedtogotocollege.Attheageof61,he_____________(admit)intocollege,majoringinjournalism.By2012,hehadpletedthreemajorsincollege.Atpresent,WanglivesinLeshan,wherehespendshisdaysfollowingcarefully__________(plan)routines.Hisstudystartsat6ameverymorning,duringwhichhereadsandtakesnotesfromnewspapers.Wangsaid,“ThereissomuchtolearnandIwillcontinuelearninguntiltheveryend.”7.【2023朝陽(yáng)期末】OnOctober12th,Shenzhou14crewmembersgivealiveclasstothestudentsonEarth.Duringtheclass,thecrewshowedthestudentsascienceglovebox,wheretheplantsexperimentsareperformed.Then,theastronautshadrealtimeinteractionswithstudents__________videocallsandtheyansweredstudents’questionslike“Whatkindsofplants__________(bring)tospaceinfuturespaceflights?”Attheendoftheclass,thecrewsaid,“Weexpectyouguys_______(build)ourspacehomebetterinthefuture.”8.【2023豐臺(tái)期末】Garyisachildren’sbookauthor.Hefirstbecame________(interest)incartoonartwhenhewasachild.Heenjoyedwritingstoriesabouthischaractersandsharing_______(they)withothers.However,hewasquitedisappointedwhentheadultspraisedhiscartoonworksjustoutofpoliteness._____(improve)thisawkwardsituation,Garystartedwritingfunnystories.Heknew(know)evenpoliteadultscouldnotpretendalaugh9.【2023東城期末】LanguageDaysattheUnitedNationsseek__________(celebrate)culturaldiversityandpromoteequalusageoftheofficiallanguages.Therearesixdaysforeachofthesixofficiallanguages.TheChineselanguageisoneofthesixofficiallanguageschosenbytheUnitedNations,theUNChineseLanguageDay__________(hold)onApril20everyyear.ThedatewasselectedfromGuyu,_______isthe6thof24solartermsinthetraditionalChinesecalendar.10.【2023海淀期末】Governmentsatalllevelshavemadecontinuouseffortstoreducethefinancialburdenonhouserenters,especiallythose____arenewcollegegraduates.AreportbytheMeadinAcademysaysthatcollegegraduates______(survey)prefertoliveinapartmentsnearpaniesorrailwaystationstofacilitetheirmute.Astohouserents,mostcollegegraduatsstillneed_________(assistant)fromtheirparentsandonlyabout20percentofthempaytherentthemselves.Tohelp(help)lowerthefinancialburdensofyoungpeople,manygovernmentsandpanieshavegiventheirsupportinhouserentals.11.【2023西城期末】Gratituleismorethatjustsaying“thankyou”.Gratitudeisadeeperappreciationforsomeonworsomething.Expressinggratidudemakesusfeelapositiveemotion.Overthepastthirtyyears,there____(be)manystudiesshowingthatwritingagratitudelettertoanotherpersonoffersanopportunity_______(escape)fromnegativeemotions.Evenifwedon’tshareourwritingwithanyone,theactofpletingtheexercisealonemakesushappierand___________(satisfied)withlife.Themoreweexpressgratitude,themorepositivewefeel.12.【2022年高考真題】Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlatetheevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.Focusedonbalancingthebags,shedidn’tnoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.AsHelenwalkedon,sheheardamanchargingtowardsher.Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.Eventually,theman_________(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!13.【2021年高考真題】There_______(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,__________(cause)largelybyrisingglobalt