選修八第五單元 Grammar 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

GrammarUnit5Meetingyourancestors現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)★現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：have/hasbeendoing?！铿F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作有可能剛剛結(jié)束，也可能還要進(jìn)行下去。如：Wherehaveyoubeen?Wehavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.你到哪里去了？我們一直在到處找你。Tomhasbeendigginginthegarden.Ihavebeenhelpinghim.Tom一直在花園里挖土。我一直在幫他。★現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作的重復(fù)。如：Hehasbeencoughingalotlately.Heoughttogiveupsmoking.最近他一直咳嗽。他應(yīng)當(dāng)戒煙。Youhavebeensayingthatforfiveyears.這話你已經(jīng)說(shuō)了有5年了。★現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常與howlong,long,allthistime,thisweek/month,allnight,allthemorning,recently等狀語(yǔ)以及since和for所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)或從句連用。如：Howlonghaveyoubeenwearingglasses?你戴眼鏡有多少年頭了？Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?你等了很久嗎？Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?你一直都在干什么來(lái)著？Hehasbeenwritinglettersallthemorning.他寫了一上午信。RecentlyJohnhasbeendoinghisworkquiteregularly.近來(lái)John工作一直很有規(guī)律。Heisill.Hehasbeenlyinginthebedforthreeweeks.他生病了，已臥床三周了。Ihaven’tbeensleepingwellatallsincethatunfortunateaccidentlastweek.自從上周發(fā)生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好?！巨q一辯】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要區(qū)別：★現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)卻不一定如此。如：Theceilingwaswhite.Nowitisblue.Shehaspaintedtheceiling.天棚原來(lái)是白色的，現(xiàn)在是藍(lán)色的。她油漆了天棚。（動(dòng)作已完成）Herclothesarecoveredwithpaint.Shehasbeenpaintingtheceiling.她的衣服上盡是油漆。她一直在油漆天棚。（動(dòng)作可能剛結(jié)束，也可能還在繼續(xù)）★許多靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)而不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Ihaveknownhimforyears.我已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)他好幾年了。Thestrikehaslastedsixmonths.這次罷工已持續(xù)了六個(gè)月。高考鏈接1.—I’msorry,butIdon’tquitefollowyou. Didyousayyouwantedtoreturnon September20? —Sorry,I________myselfclear.We wanttoreturnonOctober20.A.hadn’tmade

B.wouldn’tmake

C.don’tmake

D.haven’tmade【解析】D。對(duì)方?jīng)]聽(tīng)清楚說(shuō)話者說(shuō)的話，是由于說(shuō)話者沒(méi)有說(shuō)清楚所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，所以空格處應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作所造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou________safely.A.arearriving

B.havearrived

C.hadarrived

D.willarrive【解析】B。根據(jù)句子本身已有的時(shí)態(tài)可知，過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadarrived不能選；再根據(jù)常識(shí)，說(shuō)話人應(yīng)該是叫對(duì)方“已經(jīng)”到家后才打電話報(bào)平安，故選現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。3.Uptonow,theprogram________thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.A.wouldsave

B.saves

C.hadsaved

D.hassaved【解析】D。短語(yǔ)uptonow的意思是“到現(xiàn)在為止”，指從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。如：Herlifehasrunsmoothlyuptonow.她的生活到目前仍一帆風(fēng)順。Uptonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.到現(xiàn)在為止這工作還算容易。4.Formanyyears,people________electriccars.however,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.A.haddreamedofB.havedreamedof

C.dreamedof

D.dreamof【解析】B。根據(jù)句意和句中的時(shí)態(tài)hasbeen可知，空格處不可能填過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故可排除A和C；比較B和D，B為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，與句中的formanyyears（多年來(lái)）相吻合，故選B。5.—Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?—Notuntilwe________ourplan. A.willfinish

B.arefinishing

C.aretofinish

D.havefinished【解析】D。由于until引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，所以不能直接使用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，由此可排除A；再根據(jù)句意和常識(shí)可知，人們通常是先制定計(jì)劃，然后付諸實(shí)施，故空格處填現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)比較符合句子語(yǔ)境。6.—We’vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.—Well,itisn’tsurprising.Ourfriends andrelatives________aroundallthe time. A.arecoming

B.hadcome

C.werecoming

D.havebeencoming【解析】D?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法是從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，正是因?yàn)樽罱恢庇信笥押陀H戚來(lái)訪，所以導(dǎo)致花錢較多。7.I’mtiredout.I________allafternoon andIdon’tseemtohavefinished anything.A.shopped

B.haveshopped

C.hadshopped

D.havebeenshopping【解析】D。根據(jù)句中的am和don’tseem可知，句子談的是現(xiàn)在的情況，故可排除過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)A和C；又因?yàn)椤昂芾邸笔且驗(yàn)椤罢麄€(gè)下午一直在購(gòu)物”導(dǎo)致的，故用選D在意思上更與語(yǔ)境吻合。8.—Why,Jack,youlooksotired!—Well,I________thehouseandI mustfinishtheworktomorrow. A.waspainting

B.willbepainting

C.havepainted

D.havebeenpainting【解析】D?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。在此題中，由于“一直在刷油漆”，所以才導(dǎo)致“看上去非常疲憊”，故選D最符合句意。9.Motherwantedtobeagoodprovider,a roleshe________sincehermarriageto father.A.shoulders

B.shouldered

C.isshouldering

D.hasbeenshouldering【解析】D。根據(jù)空格后的since可知，此處談?wù)摰氖菑倪^(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)最合適。10.Joseph________toeveningclasses sincelastmonth,buthestillcan’tsay “What’syourname?”inRussian. A.hasbeengoing

B.went

C.goes

D.hasgone【解析】A。根據(jù)句中的since可知，空格處應(yīng)填完成時(shí)態(tài)，故可排除B和C；根據(jù)句意，空格處填現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比填現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)更合適，因?yàn)樗鼜?qiáng)調(diào)“一直在做某事”。

ThePresentPerfectTense

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):基本用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表結(jié)果,他的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但是對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響,而這種影響卻往往是說(shuō)話人的興趣所在?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)跨越兩個(gè)時(shí)間,一個(gè)是過(guò)去,另一個(gè)是現(xiàn)在。e.g.我從1975年起就學(xué)英語(yǔ)。IhavestudiedEnglishsince1975.自12世紀(jì)以來(lái),中國(guó)就使用彩色印刷了。TheyhavedonecolorprintinginChinasincethe12thcentury.PresentPerfectContinuousTense現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):基本用法1)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的持續(xù)性。如：電話響了差不多一分鐘,為什么沒(méi)人接?Thetelephonehasbeenringingforalmostaminute.Whydoesn’tsomeoneanswerit?2)表重復(fù)。敘述從過(guò)去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在或最近已在重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。如：

最近天氣變化無(wú)常,我時(shí)常感冒。Theweatherhasbeenchangeablelately;I’vebeenhavingalotofcolds.3)有感情色彩。如：今天真是一個(gè)多事之日。Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較:A.未完結(jié)性

I’vecleanedthewindows.我把窗戶擦干凈了。

I’vebeencleaningthewindows.我擦窗戶來(lái)著。(可能窗戶尚未擦完)B.短暫性現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以表示延續(xù)至今的狀態(tài),但完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常表示短暫性。A.TheyhavelivedinNewYork.B.TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.

句A具有長(zhǎng)期性,而句B具有短暫性。C.剛完結(jié)性與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可以表示剛剛完結(jié)的動(dòng)作。有時(shí)它是現(xiàn)在事件的直接原因,或者是得出結(jié)論的證據(jù)。如:我的手很臟,我在油汽車來(lái)著。Myhandsaredirty.I’vebeenpaintingthecar.你的眼睛又紅又腫,你是不是哭來(lái)著？Youreyesareredandpuffy.Haveyoubeencrying?D.連續(xù)性或重復(fù)性現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常常用于表示延續(xù)至今的連續(xù)性或重復(fù)性動(dòng)作。如：JimhavebeenphoningJennyeverynightfortheseveralmonth.Allthesedayshehasbeenwritingarticlestoourmagazine.結(jié)論:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于表示A.過(guò)去開(kāi)始而且現(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。B.過(guò)去開(kāi)始,現(xiàn)在剛剛停止的動(dòng)作。C.現(xiàn)在看到其直接結(jié)果的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要用于表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作及其與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。

Inpairs,taketurnstoreadthestatementandturnitintoaquestionusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.Thewordsinbracketsmayhelpyou.(P41)e.g.S1:Mrs.Smithlearnedtodrive

threeyearsago.(howlong)S2:Howlonghaveyoubeendriving,Mrs.Smith?1.Samhasjustfinishedlearningtoflyanairplaneonasix-monthcourse.(howlong)

Howlong

have

you

beenlearning

toflyanairplane,Sam?2.Heswamtillhefeltverytired.Hehasjuststeppedoutofthesw