高考英語閱讀-主旨大意

主旨大意

AtWarrenWilsonCollege,abiologicalscienceschoolwith

fewerthan1,000students,thesustainabilitydrivecamefrom

thestudentbody.TheEcoDormconceptwaspresentedten

yearsagobytwostudents;aplanningcommitteefirstly

suggestedusingbuildingmaterialslikecorncob.Althoughthe

architectsdisagreedwiththeidea,theycameupwithother

creativesolutions:Woodsidingwastakenfromthetrees

grownintheschoolyardthatweresufferingfromadisease,

andrainwaterwascollectedinanoldrailwaycarandpumped

backintothehousetocleanthetoilets.

Theparagraphismainlyabout.

A.wheretheEcoDormwasbuilt

B.whentheEcoDormgotitsname

C.whattheEcoDormismadeof

D.howtheconceptofEcoDormstarted

【解析】

D主旨大意題。從本段的第一、二句:?..thesustainabilitydrivecame

fromthestudentbody.TheEcoDormconceptwaspresented

tenyearsagobytwostudents…可知這段講的是EcoDorm的概

念是怎么開始的,故選

Do

Snapshots,thenewfashionforanartisticportrait（肖像）

photo:Takeitunderwater.ZhangXiaomei,a20something

Shanghainativewhoworksinthemediaindustry,trieditout

twice.

“Itwasacompletelydifferentexperience,HsaysZhangof

herfirstsuchexperiencelastMay,"Yougetthefeelingthat

you'recutofffromtherestoftheworld.Butalsoit's

romanticandlikeafairytale.”

Shethensuccessfullyconvincedherhusbandtobetohave

theirweddingphotostakenunderwateracoupleofmonths

afterherfirsttry."Canyouimaginea1.87-meter-tallman

tryingoutsomethinglikeafishtailunderthewater?”Zhang

says,laughing.

“Acommercialunderwaterphotoportraitisperfectfor

post80andpost90generationswhoadoretakingsnapshots,

butarelookingfornewwaystobeartistic/saysAiCheng,

ownerandphotographerofNo.55UnderwaterPhotography

inShanghai.

AiopenedastudioinShanghai'ssuburbofSongjiang

twoyearsago,buildinga5-meter-deep,fan-shapedpool

equippedwithheatingfacilitiestostartupthebusiness.A

30-minutetrainingonhowtosmileunderthewatersothat

youwon'tdrinktoomuchwaterandhowtoopenyoureyes

underwaterisofferedinhisstudioforthosewhodon'tknow

howtoswim.

Aisaysmostofhiscustomersarefemale—halfofthem

comingforanartisticportraitphotoandtherestforwedding

pictures."Someofthemdragtheirboyfriendsor

husband-to-be,whoareunwillingtogodowntothewater,to

shootaswell,'1hesays.

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheBestSmilesMayBeAllWet.

B.TheSweetestSmileintheWorld.

C.Smiling,aUniversalLanguage.

D.ANewChallenge,aNewTrend.

【解析】

A主旨大意題。從文章第一段的句子：Snapshots,...Takeit

underwater....trieditouttwice和后面所舉的例子，以及最后水下

照相從業(yè)者的講述，可知這篇文章講的是在水下拍照。所以A.The

是最好的標題,故選

BestSmilesMayBeAllWet.Ao

Researchshowsthathumansswitchfromselfishto

unselfishbehaviorwhentheyarewatched.Doyou?

Apictureofasetofeyesonacomputerscreencancausea

changeinthewaypeopleact.Evenimagesofeyesonacharity

donation,collectionboxencouragepeopletobeunselfish,

becausepeopleputmoremoneyinacollectionboxthathasa

pictureofeyesonitthantheydowhenaflowersymbolison

thebox.

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Itdescribeschangedbehaviorwhenobserved.

B.Itdetailswaystocontrolpeople'sbehavior.

C.Ittellshowtomakepeopleworkharder.

D.Itdiscussesdifferentadvertisingmethods.

【解析】

A主旨大意題。本文開頭起始段即提出中心Researchshowsthat

humansswitchfromselfishtounselfishbehaviorwhenthey

arewatched,然后在下文中作者舉例進行詳細講述，故答案選A。

Airpollutionisoneofthehottesttopicsatpresentbecause

poorairqualityisanimportantfactorinboththeincidence

andcauseofrespiratory（呼吸道）diseases.

ZhongNanshan,adeputytotheNPCandamemberofthe

CAE,saidrecentlywhentheconcentrationofPM2.5risesby10

microgramspercubicmeter,hospitalizationmayrisebyas

muchas3.1percent.Meanwhile,whentheconcentrationof

PM2.5risesfrom25mgspercubicmeterto200,theaverage

dailydeathratemayriseto11percent.

ZhiXiuyi,aleadingexpertinlungcancertreatmentand

alsovice-presidentoftheCATS,saidmedicalauthoritiesused

tofocusontobaccocontrolasaprimarymeansofpreventing

lungcancer."Butinfact,airpollutionisnolessharmfulthan

smokingandourresearchteamreleasedareportearlierthis

yearshowingthatthecancerrateinBeijingiscloselyrelatedto

industrialization/hesaid.

Thereport,conductedbytheBeijingInstituteofCancer

Research,showsthatthenumberofcancerpatientsinChina

hasincreasedmarkedlyduringthepasttenyears.Chaoyang

District,thecity'smainareaofindustrialization,hasthe

highestincidenceofcancer;almostdoublethatofYanqing,an

areaontheoutskirtsofthecity.Aboutfouroutof1,000

Chaoyangresidentshavesomeformofthedisease,withlung

canceratthetopofthelist.

“Theriskofhavingcancerlargelydependsonthelength

ofexposureandtheconcentrationofnoxiousgases（有毒氣體

的濃度）：saidZhi.Inresponsetothedoubtwhetherseven

years'exposuretopoorairqualitywillalmostresultincancer,

Zhisaidthetimescalewastakenfromresearchoverseasthat

suggestedtherateofincidencegenerallypeakedinthe

seventhyearofexposuretoaheavilypollutedenvironment.

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Medicalresearchesonenvironment.

B.Thedisadvantagesinbigcities.

C.Theonlyreasonforthelungcancer.

D.Poorairqualitycontributingtolungcancer.

【解析】

D主旨大意題。文章開頭第一段就點明了空氣污染對呼吸疾病的引起

及相關呼吸疾病的發(fā)病率有很大的影響。后面作者有從幾位專業(yè)人士

的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據論證了這一觀點，因此本文主要講述了空氣質量差導致了

肺癌的發(fā)病率的上升。故D正確。

ZhiXiuyi,aleadingexpertinlungcancertreatmentand

alsovice-presidentoftheCATS,saidmedicalauthoritiesused

tofocusontobaccocontrolasaprimarymeansofpreventing

lungcancer."Butinfact,airpollutionisnolessharmfulthan

smokingandourresearchteamreleasedareportearlierthis

yearshowingthatthecancerrateinBeijingiscloselyrelatedto

industrialization/hesaid.

Whatcanyouconcludefromtheparagraph?

A.Comparedwithsmoking,airpollutionismoreharmful.

B.Airpollutionisasharmfulassmoking.

C.Itisveryimportanttopreventpeoplefromsmoking.

D.Peoplerealizetheimportanceofkeepinghealthy.

【解析】

B主旨大意題。根據文章所講的"Butinfact,airpollutionisnoless

harmfulthansmoking：1可知空氣污染和吸煙一樣有害。故B正確。

BarackObama,LadyGagaandSteveJobs—whatdothey

haveincommon?Theyare,ofcourse,allAmericans.And

accordingtoasurveybysocialnetworkingsite,

theyallbestillustrate（舉例說明）theword"cool".

Butjustwhatdoesitmeantosaysomeoneis"cool"?

Mostwouldanswerthatitissomethingtodowithbeing

independent-mindedandnotfollowingthecrowd.

YaleUniversityartprofessorRobertFarrisThompsonsays

thattheterm"cool"goesbackto15thcenturyWestAfrican

philosophy（哲學）."Coed"relatestoideasofgrace（優(yōu)雅）

underpressure.

“InAfrica,"hewrites,“coolnessisapositivequality

whichcombinescalmness,silence,andlife."

Themodernideaof"cool"developedlargelyintheUSin

theperiodafterWorldWarELwPost-war'cool'wasinpart

anexpressionofwar-weariness（n.厭戰(zhàn)情緒）.Itwentagainst

thestrictsocialrulesofthetime/writesociologistsDick

PountainandDavidRobinsinCoolRules:Anatomyofan

Attitude.

ButitwastheAmericanactorJamesDeanwhobecamethe

symbolfor"cool"inthehugelysuccessful1955movieRebel

withoutacause.Deanplaysatoughguywhodisobeyshis

parentsandtheauthorities.Healwaysgetsthegirl,smokes

cigarettes,wearsaleatherjacketandbeatsupbullies（欺凌弱小

者）.Inthemovie,Deanshowedwhat"cool"wouldmeanto

Americanyoungpeopleforthenext60years.

Todaythefocusof"cool"haschangedtoathletics（體育

運動）stars.Ofteninmoviesaboutschools,studentsgain

popularityontheathleticsfieldmorethanintheclassroom.

ThiscanbeseenquiteclearlyinmovieslikeVarsityBluesand

JohnTuckerMustDie.

Butmanyteenagersalsothinkbeingsmartiscool.Chess

andotherthinkinggameshavebeenbecomingmorepopular

inschools.

“CallittheHarryPotterizationofAmerica—atimewhen

beingsmartisthenewcool/writesjournalistJoeSunnen.

Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?

A.Theoriginoftheword"cool".

B.Thekindsofpeoplewhoare"cool".

C.Thechangingmeaningoftheword"cool".

D.Howtobea"cool"person.

【解析】

C主旨大意。文章第一段提出“8。1"這一詞，后面分別說明了不

同時期對它的解釋以及它所代表的是什么樣的人，故選

co

TheRoyalCommissiononEnvironmentalPollutionhasjust

publishedareportonnewmaterialsandhaslookedatthe

caseofnanotechnology（納米技術）,whichdescribesthescience

oftheverysmall.Nanotechnologycoversthoseman-made

materialsorobjectsthatareaboutathousandtimessmaller

thanthemicrotechnology（微電子技術）weuse,suchasthe

siliconchipsofcomputers.

Nanotechnologygetsitsnamefromthenanometer,which

isabillionthofameter.Thereareabout600consumer

productsalreadyonthemarketthatusenanotechnology.

Nanomedicineisalsobeingdevelopedtofightcancerand

otherfataldiseases.

TheRoyalCommissionfoundnoevidenceofharmto

healthortheenvironmentfromnanomaterials,butthis

"absenceofevidence"isnotbeingtakenas"evidenceof

absence".Inotherwords,justbecausetherearenoapparent

problems,thisisnottosaythathereisnorisknoworinthe

future.Thecommissionisconcernedaboutthepaceatwhich

weareinventingandadoptingnewnanomaterials,which

couldresultinfutureproblemsthatweareill-equippedto

understandorevenfindwithcurrenttestingmethods.

Oneoftheproblemsaboutnanotechnologyisthatwhen

wemakesomethingverysmalloutofawell-knownmaterial,

wemayactuallychangethefunctionalityofthatmaterialeven

ifthechemicalcompositionremainsthesame.Indeed,itisnot

theparticle（顆粒）sizethatshouldconcernus,butits

functionality.Takegold,forexample,whichisafamously

inert（惰性）substance,andvaluablebecauseofit.Itdoesn't

rustorcorrodebecauseitdoesn'tinteractwithwateror

oxygen.However,aparticleofgoldthatisbetween2and5

nanometersindiameterbecomeshighlyreactive.Thisisnot

duetoachangeinchemicalcomposition,butbecauseofa

changeinthephysicalsizeofthegoldparticles.Howcana

changeinsizeresultinachangeoffunction?Onereasonisto

dowithsurfacearea.Nanoparticleshaverelativelyamuch

biggersurfacearea.Itislikecomparingthesurfaceareaofa

basketballwiththetotalsurfaceareaofmanypea-sizedballs

withthesameweightofthesinglebasketball.Thepea-sized

ballshaveasurfaceareamanyhundreds,indeedthousandsof

timesbiggerthanthebasketball,andthisallowsthemto

interactmoreeasilywiththeenvironment.Itisthisincreased

interactivitythatchangestheirfunctionality—andmakesthem

potentiallymoredangeroustohealthortheenvironment.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocuson?

A.Theintroductionofnanotechnologyanditswideuse.

B.Thepresentuseofnanotechnologyanditsfuture.

C.Thepotentialdangernanotechnologymaybringus.

D.Theproposaltostopnanotechnologyduetothepotential

danger.

【解析】

C主旨大意題。文章首段向人們介紹了納米技術，然后在第二段提出

"Nanomedicineisalsobeingdevelopedtofightcancerand

otherfataldiseases//,再從下文中通過舉例來說明納米技術可能對

人類以及環(huán)境存在的危害，故C選項內容更能反映文章中心。

WhilestudentsinHainanarequiteusedtoclearskies,

Beijingteenagersarenotsolucky.Asanotherwarmwinter

approaches,thecitycanexpectthenormalcloudsofsmoke

causedbyairpollution.

Butthingsmaystarttoimprovesoon.Thegovernmentis

co-operatingwithaUS-basedenvironmentalprotection

agencytoupdateexistingbusesandtruckswithcleanfuel

technology.Thenewtechnologycouldreduceairpollutantsin

existingdieselengines（柴油機）by40percent.Theprogramme

willbeginbytestingbusesinBeijingtoseeifthetechnology

canbeappliedtothem.

“Weencouragethedevelopmentofpublictransports.But

atthesametimeweneedtoreducepollutionfrom

them,"saidanofficial.

EffortsarebeingmadetoimprovethecapitaTs

environmentwithtightercontrolsonemissions（排放）.Some

heavilypollutingfactoriesandconstructionsites,suchasthose

ownedbythesteelgiantShougangGroup,havebeenaskedto

cutproductioninNovemberandDecemberorbeclosed.

Beijingwasthethirdpollutedcityintheworldattheendof

lastcentury,accordingtotheUN.Butthankstorecent

measures,thecapitalhasmadesomeprogress.Lastyear224

cleardayswereratedashavinggoodairquality.In1998theair

qualityindex（指數(shù)）gavejust100daysasgood.

"Iamgladtoseeanimprovement,"saidasenior1boy

livinginthenorthwestofBeijing."Comparedtootherplaces,

theairqualityofBeijingisstillworryingthough.Ihate

pollution.OnceIwasridingmybikeinthemorningwhenI

almosthadatrafficaccidentbecauseIcouldn'tseeacaronly

metresawayfrommeinfog."

InearlyOctober,theskieswerecoveredbysuchathickfog

thatadisplayshowbythevisitingFrenchAirForcewascalled

off.

Rapiddevelopment,industry,trafficfumesandsandstorms

fromthedesertallcontributetothecity'sbadair.

Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.aprogrammeaimingatimprovingBeijing'sairquality

B.progressmadeinBeijing'sairquality

C.Beijing'sairpollution

D.thedifferencesbetweenHainanandBeijing

【解析】

C主旨大意題。文章雖然說到了改善北京空氣質量的計劃、取得的進

步、開頭也說到海南的天空，但縱觀全文，講述的是北京的空氣污染

現(xiàn)狀，可知選C為正確答案。

Haveyoueverpickedajobbasedonthefactthatyouwere

goodatitbutlaterfounditmadeyoufeelveryuncomfortable

overtime?Whenyouselectyourcareer,there'sawholelot

moretoitthanassessingyourskillsandmatchingthemwitha

particularposition.Ifyouignoreyourpersonality,itwillhurt

youlong-termregardlessofyourskillsorthejobzspay.There

areseveralareasofyourpersonalitythatyouneedtoconsider

tohelpyoufindagoodjob.Hereareafewofthosemain

areas:

1)Doyoupreferworkingaloneorwithotherpeople?

2)Howdoyouhandlechange?

3)Doyouenjoyworkingwithcomputers?

4)Whattypeofworkenvironmentdoyouenjoy?

5)Howdoyouliketogetpaid?

Anyway,theseareagreatstartingpointforyou.fveseen

itoverandoveragainwithpeoplethattheymakemoremoney

overtimewhentheydosomethingtheylove.Itmaytakeyoua

littlelonger,butmakingamovetodowhatyouhaveapassion

forcanchangethecourseofyourlifeforthebetter.

Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.LifestylesandJobPay

B.JobsandEnvironment

C.JobSkillsandAbilities

D.PersonalitiesandJobs

【解析】

D主旨大意題。根據文章第一段中的中心句"Ifyouignoreyour

personality,itwillhurtyoulong-termregardlessofyourskills

orthejob'spay."可知，文章講述的是：人的個性和工作之間的

關系。故選D。

Canpeoplechangetheirskincolorwithoutsufferinglike

popkingMichaelJackson?Perhapsyes.Scientistshavefound

thegenethatdeterminesskincolor.

Thegenecomesintwoversions,oneofwhichisfoundin

99percentofEuropeans.Theotherisfoundin93to100

percentofAfricans,researchersatPennsylvaniaState

UniversityreportinthelatestissueofScience.

Thepassagemainlytellsusthat.

A.peoplecannotchangetheirskincolorwithoutanypain

B.thenewdiscoverycouldleadtoresearchintowaysto

changeskincolorsafely

C.popkingMichaelJacksonoftenchangedhisskincolorashe

liked

D.scientistshavefoundoutthatpeople'sskincoloris

determinedbythegene

【解析】

D主旨大意題。根據全文講述的主要內容以及第一段的最后主題句得

知：科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)人的膚色是由基因決定的。故選

Do

Newcrimepredictionsoftwareshouldreducenotonlythe

murderrate,buttherateofothercrimes.Developedby

RichardBerk,aprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvania,the

softwarehasalreadyusedinBaltimoreandPhiladelphiato

predictwhichindividualsonprobation（緩開U）orparole（假釋）

aremostlikelytomurderandtobemurdered.

"Whenapersongoesonprobationorparole,heis

supervised（監(jiān)督）byanofficer.Thequestionis'whatlevelof

supervisionisappropriate?'"saidBerk.Itusedtobethat

paroleofficersusedtheperson'scriminalrecord,andtheir

judgmenttomakedecisions.

“Thisresearchreplacesthoseseat-of-the-pants

calculations,"hesaid.

Technologyhelpsdeterminelevelofsupervision.On

averagethereisonemurderforevery100,000people.Even

amonghigh-riskgroupsthemurderrateisonein100.

Predictingsucharareeventisverydifficult,butadvancesin

computertechnologyworks.

Yearsago,theresearchersmadeadatasetofmorethan

60,000variouscrimes.Usingthesoftwaretheydeveloped,

theyfoundsomemuchmorelikelytocommitmurderwhen

paroledorprobated.Theycouldidentifyeightfuture

murderersoutof100.

Berk'ssoftwareexaminesroughlytwodozenvariables（可

變因素），fromcriminalrecordtogeographiclocation.Thetype

ofcrimes,andmoreimportantly,theageatwhichthatcrime

wascommitted,weretwoofthemostpredictivevariables.

"Peopleassumethatifsomeonemurderedthentheywill

murderinthefuture/saidBerk."Whatreallymattersiswhat

thatpersondidasayoungindividual.Predictingfuturecrimes

soundswell.Butwearen'tanywherenearbeingabletodo

that."

"Berk'sscientificanswerleavespolicymakerswith

difficultquestions.Bylabelingonegroupofpeopleashigh

risk,andsupervisethemclosely,thereshouldbefewer

murders,whichthepotentialvictimsshouldbehappyabout.It

alsomeansthatthosehigh-riskindividualswillbesupervised

moreaggressively.Forhumanrightsadvocates,thatmeans

punishingpeoplewho,mostlikely,willnotcommitacrimein

thefuture,"saidBushway."Itcomesdowntoaquestionof

whetheryouwouldrathermaketheseerrorsorthoseerrors?

Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.CloselySupervisePotentialMurders

B.MeasuresTakentoPreventCriminalBehavior

C.TechnologyRevolutionizesJudges'WayofWorking

D.SoftwareisDevelopedtoPredictCriminalBehavior

【解析】

D主旨大意題。閱讀全文，從第一段提出這個軟件，到后面對此技術

的應用，可知作者都是在討論預測犯罪行為軟件的開發(fā)。故選

Do

Expensiveandnewglovesallowchatterboxes（話匣子）to

taketheterm"handsfree"toanewlevel—bytalkinginto

themastheymakeacall.Theglovesareknownas"Talktothe

Hand"andcost￡1,000apair.Theyfixedaspeakerunitinto

thethumbandamicrophoneintothelittlefingerthatcanbe

connectedtoanymobilehandsetusingBluetooth.

ArtistSeanMilesdesignedthenewglovesthatdoubleasa

phoneinpartofhisprojectthatshowsthepossibilitiesof

gadget（小配件）recycling.Heusesoutdatedglovesand

combinesthemwithpartsfrommobilehandsetsrecycled

through02,whichcommissioned（承擔）theproject.Mobile

phoneuserswillbeabletokeeptheirhandswarmwhilethey

chatwithouttakingtheirphonesoutoftheirpocketsor

handbags.

Mr.Milesdesignedtwopairsofthenewgloves—onein

pinkandtheotherinbrownandyellow.Theywillappearinan

exhibitionthisJulyandvisitorswillbeabletowinthegloves.If

demandishigh,theywillthenbeproducedonalargerscale.

02Recycle,whichbackedtheproject,estimatesthatthereare

already70millionunusedmobilehandsetsintheUK.The

servicepaysupto￡260tothosewhorecyclegadgets

includingphones,handheldconsoles,MP3playersanddigital

cameras.

DesignerSeanMileshopeshisworkwillgetpeople

thinkingaboutrecycling.The41-year-oldsaid,“1hopethat

my'TalktotheHand,projectwillgetpeopletothinkagain

aboutthewastecreatedbynotrecyclinggadgets.Ifafew

morepeoplerecycletheirgadgetsratherthansendthemto

trash,Ithinkthisprojectwillhavefulfilleditsaim.'1

BillEyres,headof02Recycle,urgespeopletorecycletheir

phoneresponsibly.Hesaid,“There'sapressingneedforall

ofustolookatoutdatedhandsets,andallthegadgetsthatwe

moveonfromorupgradeeachyear.Whethertheyare

consolesorcameras,weshouldthinkofthemasaresource

thatweneedtorecycleresponsiblyratherthanthrowthem

away."

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Newmobilesthatarefashionable.

B.Outdatedhandsetsthatareupgraded.

C.Outdatedgadgetsthatcanbeusedforrecycling.

D.Newglovesthatcanbeusedformakingphonecalls.

【解析】

D主旨大意題：從第一段的句子：Expensiveandnewglovesallow

chatterboxes（話匣子）totaketheterm"handsfree"toanew

level—bytalkingintothemastheymakeacall.Theglovesare

knownas"TalktotheHand"andcost￡1,000apair.可知這篇

文章講的是一種新型手套可以當作手機使用，選

Do

Ourloveofmusicandappreciationofmusicalharmonyis

learntandnotbasedonnaturalability,anewstudyby

UniversityofMelbourneresearchershasfound.The

researcherssaidprevioustheoriesabouthowweappreciate

musicwerebasedonthephysicalfunctionsofsound,theear

itselfandabornabilitytohearharmony.

Thestudyshowsthatmusicalharmonycanbelearnt,andit

isamatteroftrainingthebraintohearthesounds.Soifyou

thoughtthatthemusicofsomeforeignculture（orJazz）

soundedlikethecryingofcats,it'ssimplybecauseyou

haven,tlearnttolistenbytheirrules.

Theresearchersused66volunteerswitharangeofmusical

trainingandtestedtheirabilitytohearcombinationsof

notes（音符）todetermineiftheyfoundthecombinations

familiarorpleasing.Theyfoundthatpeopleneededtobe

familiarwithcombinationsofnotes.Iftheyfoundthenotes

unfamiliartheyalsofoundthesoundunpleasant.Thisfinding

putanendtocenturiesoftheoriesclaimingthatphysical

functionsoftheeardeterminewhatwefindattractive.

Thestudyfoundthattrainedmusiciansweremuchmore

sensitivetounpleasantnotesthannon-musicians.Whenthey

couldn'tfindthenote,themusiciansreportedthatthe

soundswereunpleasant,whilenon-musiciansweremuchless

sensitive.Thisshowstheimportanceoftrainingor

nurturing（培養(yǎng)）thebraintolikeparticularsoundof

combinationsofnotes,likethosefoundinjazzorrock.

Dependingontheirtraining,astrangechord（和弦）sound

waspleasanttosomemusicians,butveryunpleasanttoothers.

Thisshowedusthateventheabilitytohearamusicalnoteis

learnt.

Toconfirmthisfinding,theytrained19non-musiciansto

findthenotesofarandomselectionofwesternchords.Not

onlydidtheparticipants,abilitytohearnotesimprove

rapidly,afterwardtheyreportedthatthechordstheyhad

learntsoundedmorepleasant—regardlessofhowthechords

wereplayed.

Thequestionofwhysomecombinationsofmusicalnotes

areheardaspleasantorunpleasanthaslongbeendebated.

"\Nehaveshowninthisstudythatformusic,beautyisinthe

brainofthebeholder（觀看者）”,aresearchersaid.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Loveofmusicalharmonycan'tbetaught.

B.Loveofmusicisnotnaturalbutnurtured.

C.Listeningtomusiccanimproveyourbrain.

D.Youcanbeamusicianwithoutbeingtrained.

【解析】

B主旨大意。本文開篇提到對于音樂的爰好不僅僅是天生的，還是可

能通過培養(yǎng)與訓練能得到，通過舉例及對于研究對象的分析，在本文

第四段更加提出了本文的主旨："Thestudyfoundthattrained

musiciansweremuchmoresensitivetounpleasantnotesthan

non-musicians."被訓陳的音樂人能對不是那么動聽的音樂比不被訓

練的人更為敏感，所以選B項，對于音樂的愛好不是天生的而是可以

后天培養(yǎng)出來的。

Scientistswhodiscoveredanewwayofgenerating

electricityfromwatersaytheymayhavecomeacrossan

alternativesourceofcleanenergytorivalwindandsolar

power.

Thebreakthrough,whichscientistssayisthefirstnewway

togenerateelectricityin160years,couldleadtobatteriesthat

usewaterinsteadofpoisonoussubstances.

Thescientistsmadethediscoverywhentheywere

investigatingwhathappenswhentapwaterisforcedthrough

extremelynarrowglasstubes.Watersqueezeddownthetubes,

eachofwhichwasnarrowerthanatenththethicknessofa

humanhair,generatingasmallelectriccurrentthatranthe

lengthofthetube.Toproducealargerelectriccurrent,the

teamtriedforcingwaterthroughaglasswaterfilter（濾水器）

thatcontainedthousandsofnarrowchannelslinedupsideby

side."Whenwetookasyringe（注射器）ofwaterandsqueezed

itthroughthefilter,wegotenoughpowertolightalightbulb/

saidLarryKostiukoftheUniversityofAlbertainCanada."The

harderyoupushthesyringe,themoreelectriccurrentyou

get."

Thecurrentisproducedbecauseofaneffectintheglass

tubes.Whentheyarefilledwithwater,positivelycharged

ions（陽離子）fixedinthetubesarewashedaway,leavinga

slightnegativechargeontheglasssurface.Whenwateristhen

forcedalongthetube,thesurfacerepelsnegativelycharged

ionsinthewaterwhilepositivelychargedionsareattracted

downthetube.Theresultisanetflowofpositivelycharged

ionsthatsetsupanelectriccurrent.

AccordingtoDr.Kostiuk,noonehaseverthoughttouse

watertoproduceelectricityinthisway."Thelasttime

someonecameupwithawayofgeneratingelectricitywas

MichaelFaradayin1839,"hesaid."Sothisisthefirstnew

wayofgeneratingelectricityin160years,whichiswhyweare

soexcitedaboutit."

Dr.Kostiuksayswaterbatteriesmightonedaybeusedto

powermobilephonesandcalculators,butadmittedthatthe

engineeringchallengesmightmakeotherapplicationsmore

realistic."You'dneedtobesureitwouldn'tleak,and

you'dneedtomakesureitwouldn,tfreeze/hesaid.

Morelikelywouldbetoinstalltheelectricity-generating

deviceswherewaterisalreadybeingpumped,suchasatcity

waterfiltrationsites,hesaid."Itcouldcompetewithwindand

solarpower/headded.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellusabout?

A.Akindofsolarpowerdiscoveredbyscientists.

B.Akindofnewenergysourcefoundintapwater.

C.Thebreakthroughtogenerateelectricity160yeasago.

D.Akindofnewbatteryinventedwithoutpoisonous

substances.

【解析】

B主旨大意題