高考英語講座-閱讀理解

專題講座閱讀理解

不少同學(xué)反映:“老師，做閱讀理解題時，我對文章的語句完全能看懂，可是選答案時卻總出錯，您講

一講閱讀技巧吧!”有些老師在讀過一篇文章后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的判斷與答案有出入時，也深感技巧方面出了故障,

經(jīng)過歸納，大體有如下說法：要學(xué)會抓主旨大意：能夠略去不必要的信息；會掠讀、跳讀、不必回讀；能

夠根據(jù)題干及作者的意圖在文章中快速搜尋有關(guān)信息……

上述表述，應(yīng)當(dāng)說沒有錯誤，但學(xué)生們實踐后往往收效甚微。為什么？因為這些方法沒有抓住中學(xué)生

英語學(xué)習(xí)的現(xiàn)實和實質(zhì)。目前中學(xué)生的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)量不足2000詞（初中1200、高中750）,學(xué)生真正掌握并

能運用的詞匯量則更少。教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定閱讀量至多20萬詞，然而目前高考英語試卷的詞匯要求為3000?

3500詞左右（含派生、轉(zhuǎn)化及合成）。以不足2000詞的詞匯量去讀3500詞為底線的文章，肯定讀不深吃

不透，在此基礎(chǔ)上用什么技巧和思路也只能是一個字--“猜”。自然無準(zhǔn)確性可言了。

作為一名英語學(xué)習(xí)者，要想突破閱讀關(guān)，在高考中拿高分，要解決“三量”，即詞匯量--3500詞；閱

讀量--35萬詞，也即1000篇300余詞的短文；閱讀質(zhì)量--能本著信達雅的原則用中文說出文意。

1.詞匯量

詞匯量的3500詞包括常見詞及詞組和日常會話中的單詞、詞組，最常見的涉及文化、科普、政治、

經(jīng)濟，甚至軍事的詞。同時還要會認、會用派生，包括前綴和后綴。比如近年高考中就出現(xiàn)過的inexpensive,

unthinkable,computerize?要真正做到會認、會用，就必須多讀文章，細讀文章，在大量認讀中逐步加深

前后綴的印象，逐步積累生詞。平日學(xué)習(xí)新詞時，要善于運用不同方法加強記憶，擴大詞匯量。比如可以

采用摘葡萄法、歸納法、聯(lián)想法等。摘葡萄法就是把相互聯(lián)系的詞串到一起，比如當(dāng)我們學(xué)習(xí)shoulder時，

應(yīng)聯(lián)想至I]arm,elbow,wrist,fist,hand,palm,finger,thumb,index,finger,middle,finger,

ring,finger,little,finger,至foe。歸納法則可把那些形相近意相遠的詞聯(lián)系到一起，如medal,model,

metal,mental；violet紫羅蘭，violent,violate兇暴。聯(lián)想法是指在學(xué)習(xí)過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)一個詞聯(lián)想到與它

相關(guān)的詞，比如當(dāng)我們見到physicallabor時，可聯(lián)想到“腦力勞動”，從而查找到mentallabor。具體可參見

以前發(fā)過的詞匯擴展

2.閱讀量

閱讀量是指300余詞的短文，至少要讀1000篇。考慮到高三現(xiàn)狀，讀小說有一定困難，讀短文是個

好辦法。一方面可選取閱讀理解書目上的文章，另一方面可讀21世紀(jì)報及21世紀(jì)報中學(xué)生版上的文章。

因為這些文章篇幅不長，緊密聯(lián)系生活實際，涵蓋社會現(xiàn)實和天下大事，可讀性很強。到高三的第二學(xué)期

才動手，也不算晚，那必須把閱讀量加大到每天五篇，這樣才能見成效。

3.閱讀質(zhì)量

閱讀質(zhì)量含五步。第一步讀文章做理解題。第二步是出聲朗讀其中的一段，而且必須注意語音、語調(diào)、

重讀、弱讀、連讀、失去爆破和清輔音濁化。目前中學(xué)生上高中后發(fā)聲朗讀訓(xùn)練的機會越來越少，從上邊

七項要求自己的機會則幾乎沒有，高考中的聽力自然得分不高。因為聽力中的對話與朗讀是依照前邊提到

的七大要點錄制的。第三步是用筆劃一劃你認為應(yīng)當(dāng)記住的詞、詞組、短語，較好的句子。認真劃，劃得

越多則說明讀者的心越細，隨著時間的推移，若劃的越來越少了，說明水平也提高了。第四步是注意一下

邊邊角角的知識，因為它有助于你對文章的理解，有助于短文寫作中的應(yīng)用。比如2001年高考E篇文章

的第七段中有Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermost

feelings.Whereasawoman'sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage.根

據(jù)句意我們知道，whereas=however,或but,這種關(guān)聯(lián)詞在文章中常常起到承上啟下的作用。高中畢業(yè)生

在高考的短文寫作中常出現(xiàn)這樣一種情況，單看每個句子不存在問題，但就是上下連貫不到一起。這其中

的重要毛病是不會使用像whereas這樣的詞及相關(guān)短語。而這些技能的養(yǎng)成不是靠教師課堂上講的，也不

是靠日?？陬^說才會的，主要依靠平日閱讀中細心理解，出聲朗讀，寫作中使用。第五步在前面己談到，

讀過一篇文章后若能用中文講明白，說明你懂了，若講不明白，則說明質(zhì)量沒過關(guān)。以2000年E篇的第

一段為例，Excusedfromrecycling(回收利用)becauseyouliveinahighrisewitharubbishchute(垃圾

道)？Youwon"beforlong!兩句中注出兩處中文，有一處課本中學(xué)過。由于考生不知句意，結(jié)果在這兩句

基礎(chǔ)上的第68題的正答率出奇得低，高分段同學(xué)的錯誤率比低分段的同學(xué)還高。這說明了認識的詞并不

意味著懂句意，更說明了“掠讀”、“跳讀”、“猜”的偏頗。如能按第三步的方式劃一劃，查一查，平日有積

累，還愁不能正確理解該句：“難道因為你住高層建筑，又有垃圾道就可以不進行分揀和回收了嗎?不用多

久就應(yīng)這樣做”。再比如高三課本(上)的第128頁中有這樣一段:Onhearingthis,Marlingotangryand

shouted,11Youwantmetotaketheplaceofamonkey?Takeitsplaceyourself!Youlookmorelikeamonkeythan

Ido.”原意是：“馬林剛一聽到這里，就氣憤地吼道，你想讓我扮猴子嗎?你去扮好了，你長得才像猴呢!”

然而不少學(xué)生，甚至一部分教師都錯解為“你長得比我更像猴!”這樣一來就鬧出定位錯誤的笑話了。從這

個例子中我們也能看出這樣一個現(xiàn)實，讀懂了句子，未必理解準(zhǔn)確到位，換言之，表層意思與深層含義是

不一樣的。要想達到翻譯上的信達雅，不加大量閱讀，不按照上述五步的方法加強訓(xùn)練，解閱讀理解題的

水平很難提高。

綜上所述，提高解閱讀理解題的水平?jīng)Q非一蹴而就，而應(yīng)經(jīng)過長時間的大量閱讀。由于不少英語單詞

和詞組是一詞多意，因此要在閱讀中逐步加深印象，拓寬詞匯量，這樣才能突破閱讀關(guān)。

同學(xué)們可能會問讀什么樣的文章好，應(yīng)該是兩類文章并進。一種是21世紀(jì)報和21世紀(jì)報中學(xué)生版，

同學(xué)們可依上述五步每周閱讀一份報紙，一定能開闊視野，擴大詞匯量，增加知識；另一種是有閱讀理解

題的文章，他們能檢測你理解的程度，提高你高考時做閱讀理解題的分值。簡而言之，要瘋狂，要持久。

瘋狂閱讀指量，持久閱讀指質(zhì)。那么突破閱讀關(guān)的時間離你就越來越近了。

第一章主旨概括

第一課

一、試卷分析與展望

閱讀理解中非常重要的一個技巧就是在閱讀中迅速地抓住文章或段落的主旨大意，也就是中心思想。

文章或段落的中心思想猶如一支蠟燭的芯。這根芯看似無關(guān)緊要，但是如果沒有它，那么這支蠟燭就不能

再稱為蠟燭，而是一堆蠟。所以，一篇文章通常是圍繞一個中心思想展開的。要領(lǐng)悟文章的主旨大意，這

就需要考生具備歸納和概括等方面的能力。而這種歸納和概括能力又常常是考試中被考查的重點。

下面，我們一起來回顧一下1996-2002年十年的全真試題，就可知道此項技能的重要性了。

1.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?[NMET96(61)]

9.Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsistogiveinformationabout___[NMET96(66)]

10.Thisnewsstoryismainlyabout.|NMET97(51)]

11.Thetextismainlyabout.[NMET97(55)]

12.Thetextismainlyabout.[NMET98(51)J

13.Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?[NMET98(54)]

14.Thetextismainlyabout.[NMET98(57)]

15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[NMET98(70)]

16.Thisarticlemainlytellsaboutthestoryof.[NMET99(51)]

17.Thewriterspurposeinwritingthisstoryis.[NMET2000(54)J

18.Accordingtothewriterofthetext,imaginingthefuturewill.[NMET2000(66)]

19.Thepurposeinwritingthistextis.[NMET2000(67)]

從上述全真試題中，我們可以總結(jié)出，對于文章或段落的主旨大意設(shè)問的形式一般是：

1.Themainideaofthepassage(text)is.

2.Thetext(passage)ismainlyabout.

3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss(dealwith)?

4.Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestexpressesthemainidea?

5.Themainpointofthepassageis?

6.Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticlewouldbe.

7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitletobegiventothearticle?

8.Whatisthetopicofthetext?

9.Themainpurposeofthestoryistotellus.

10.Theconclusionwecangetfromthestoryis.

大家只要記住，看到問題中使用mainly,main,title,headline,topic,conclusion等詞時，就得仔細領(lǐng)

會文章的主旨大意了。

當(dāng)然，除了上述通用的句型，還可用其它的形式設(shè)問，這就要求我們認真理會題干的意思了。

例如92年的75題“Thewritertellsthisstoryto?”

以及93年的66題“Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto.”

也是考查考生對主旨大意的理解

二、基本訓(xùn)練

M汰eisafreshman(新生)incollege.Heisalsotryingtoearnthemoneyheneedstoliveon.Asaresult,

heworksfortyhoursaweekatagasolinestation.ButthisworkmustbedoneatnightbecauseMikeisa

full-timecollegestudent.Mikealsotriestomaketimeforthingsheenjoysdoingthatarenotrelatedtocollege

andwork.Helikestoskiinwinterandplayinsummer.However,heisfindinglessandlesstimeforthese

pleasures.

Question:Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainidea?

A.MikeisverybusyB.Afreshmanhastoworkmanyhoursallweek

C.MikehaspleasuresinhissparetimeD.Mikehasalotofhomework

Telephone,television,radio,andthetelegraphallhelppeoplecommunicatewitheachother.Becauseof

thesedevices,ideasandnewsofeventsspreadquicklyallovertheworld.Forexample,withinseconds,people

canknowtheresultsofanelectioninJapanorArgentina(阿根廷).Aninternationalsoccermatchcomesintothe

homeofeveryonewithatelevisionset.Newsofdisastersuchasanearthquakeorafloodcanbringhelpfrom

distantcountries.Withinhours,helpisontheway.Becauseofmodemtechnologylikethefourthousand

satellitesthattravelaroundtheworld,informationtravelsfast.

Question:Themainideaofthepassageisthat.

A.Newsofadisastertravelsquicklyandhelpcancomequicklyfromdistantcountries.

B.Electionresultscanbeknownalmostimmediately.

C.Communicationisgood.

D.Informationtravelsveryfastbecauseoftechnology.

三、高考實戰(zhàn)（90年高考閱讀題）

Awell-knownoldmanwasbeinginterviewed（采訪）andwasaskedifitwascorrectthathehadjust

celebratedhisninety-ninthbirthday.

"That'sright,'*saidtheoldman."Ninety-nineyearsold,andIhaven'tanenemyintheworld.TheyYeall

dead.'*"Well,sir,"saidtheinterviewer,"Ihopeverymuchtohavethehonourofinterviewingyouonyour

hundredthbirthday.”

Theoldmanlookedattheyoungmanclosely,andsaid,"Ican'tseewhyyoushouldn't.Youlookfitand

healthytome!”

1.Theoldmansaidhehadnotanenemyintheworld,whichshowsthathewasavery.

A.friendlyman—henevermadeanyenemies.

B.healthyman-helivedlongerthanallhisenemies.

C.luckyman—hisenemieshadalldied.

D.terribleman—hehadgotridofallhisenemies.

2.Whentheinterviewersaidthathehopedverymuchtohavethehonourofinterviewingtheoldman

againthefollowingyear,

A.hewastryingtomaketheoldmanhappy.

B.hewishedhehimselfwouldliveanotheryear.

C.hedidnotbelievetheoldmanwouldlivetobeonehundred.

D.hedidnotbelievehewouldinterviewtheoldmanagain.

3.Whentheoldmansaid"Ican'tseewhyyoushouldn't"，whathemeantwas

A."Youmusttrytoliveanotheryeartointerviewmeagainnextyear.”

B.”O(jiān)fcourseyoucanseemeagainsinceyou'resofitandhealthy.”

C.”IfIlivetoahundredyears,youshouldinterviewmeagain.”

D."Unlessyouliveanotheryear,youwouldn'tbeabletointerviewmeagain.”

4.Whatkindofmanwouldyousaytheoldmanwas?

A.Hewassilly.B.Hewasunpleasant.

C.Hewasveryproudandsureofhishealth.D.Hewasveryimpolitetoyoungpeople.

Annealing

Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.Ifmetalis

heatedandthencooledveryquickly,forexamplebydipping（浸）itinwater,itwillbeveryhardbutalsovery

brittle（脆）——thatis,Itwillbreakeasily.Metalthathasbeenannealedissoftbutdoesnotbreakaseasily.It

ispossibletomakemetalashardorassoftasiswished,byannealingit.Themetalisheated,andallowedtocool

slowly,foracertainlengthoftime.Thelongertheheatedmetaltakestocoolslowly,thesofterit

becomes.Annealingcanalsobeusedonothermaterials,suchasglass.

5.Annealingcanmakemetal

A.hardandtough（韌）.B.hardbutbrittle.

C-softbuttough.D.softandbrittle.

6.Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater?

A.Tomakeithard.B.TDmakeitsoft.

C.Tomakeitcool.D.Tomakeitbrittle.

7.Inannealing,therequiredhardnessofametaldependson

A.thequantityofwaterused.B.thetemperatureofthemetal.

C.thesoftnessofthemetal.D.thetimingoftheoperation.

8.Assuggestedbythetext,howcanglassbemadelessbrittle?

A.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledquickly.B.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedslowly.

C.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledslowly.D.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedquickly.

HIwouldalmostratherseeyoudead,'*RobertS.Cassatt,aleadingbanker（銀行家）ofPhiladelphia,

shoutedwhenhistwenty-year-oldeldestdaughterannouncedthatshewantedtobecomeanartist.Inthe19th

century,playingatdrawingorpaintingondisheswasallrightforayounglady,butseriousworkinartwas

not.Andwhentheyounglady'sfamilyrankedamong（躋身于）thebestofPhiladelphia'ssocial（社交界的）

families,suchanideacouldnotevenbeconsidered.ThatwashowMaryCassatt,born1844,beganherstruggle

asanartist.Shedidnottremblebeforeherfather'sanger.Instead,sheopposed（抗拒）himwithcourageand

atlastmadehimchangehismind.

MaryCassattgaveuphersocialposition（社會上也位）andallthoughtofahusbandandafamily,whichin

thosetimeswasunthinkableforayounglady.Intheend,afterlongyearsofhardworkandperseverance（堅持）,

shebecameAmerica'smostimportantwomanartistandtheinternationallyrecognizedleadingwomanpainter

ofthetime.

9.HowdidMr.Cassattreact（反應(yīng)）whenhisdaughtermadeherannouncement?

A.Hefearedforherlife?B.Hewasveryangry.

C.Henearlykilledher.D.Hewarnedher.

10.WhatinfactwasMr.Cassatt'smainreasoninopposinghisdaughter'swish?

A.Drawingandpaintingwassimplyunthinkableamongladiesinthosedays.

B.Hedidnotbelievehisdaughterwantedtoworkseriouslyinart.

C.Hebelievedanartist'slifewouldbetoohardforhisdaughter.

D.Ladiesofgoodfamiliessimplydidnotbecomeartistsinthosetimes.

11.WhatmadeMaryCassatt's"struggle"tobecomearecognizedartistespeciallyhard?

A.Shewasawoman.B.Herfatheropposedher.

C.Shehadnosocialposition.D.Shedidnotcomefromanartist'sfamily.

12.WhatdoweknowaboutMaryCassatt'smarriage（婚姻）?

A.Hermarriagefailedbecauseshenevergaveathoughttoherhusbandandfamily.

B.Shenevermarriedbecauseshedidnotwanttobejustawifeandmother.

C.Aftermarriageshedecidedtogiveupherhusbandratherthanhercareer（事業(yè)）.

D.Shedidnotmarrybecauseforaladyofhersocialpositiontomarrybelowherwasunthinkable.

13.WhatdoweknowaboutRobertCassatfscharacterfromthetext?

A.Hewasacruelman.B.Hewasastubborn（固執(zhí)的）man.

C.Heknewnothingaboutart.D.Heknewlittleabouthisdaughter.

14.WhatdoweknowaboutMaryCassatt'scharacter?

A.Shewasbraveingoingagainstoldideas.B.Shegottiredofalwaysobeyingherfather.

C.Shehatedplayingatdrawingandpainting.D.Shedidnotmindbeingpooratall.

15.Aswecanlearnfromthetext,whichofthefollowingwasgenerallyconsideredthemost

importantinthelifeofawomanintheU.S.inMaryCassatt*stimes?

A.Money.B.Career.

C.Marriage.D.Courage.

Benin

BeninisoneofthesmallestAfricanstates.ItliesinWestAfricaontheGulf（海灣）ofGuinea,tothe

southofBurkinaFasoandNiger,betweenTogoonthewestandNigeriaontheeast.Beninusedtobecalled

DahomeyandwascontrolledandruledbyFrancefrom1893to1960,whenitbecameindependent（獨立）.In

1963thearmygeneralSoglooverthrew（推翻）thefirstpresidentMaga.Soglosetupanarmygovernmentand

calledhimselfheadofstatein1965,butwasoverthrownandreplaced（取代）byacivilian（非軍人）government

in1967.InDecember1969Beninhadanotherchangeofpowerwiththearmyagaintakingover（接管）.InMay

1970,Magaandtwoothermensetupanewgovernment,witheachofthemactingaspresidentinturnfortwo

years.However,halfayearafterMagaturnedoverpowertothesecondmanAhomadegbe,thethree-man

governmentwasoverthrownbythearmyoncemoreandGeneralKerekoubecamepresident.InNovember1975

KerekouchangedthenameofthenationfromDahomeytoBenin,Beninbeingthenameofa17thcentury

kingdomcoveringthesameplace.KerekoualsoannouncedthatBeninwouldbeaPeople'sRepublicbasedon

Marxism-Leninism.

16.WhichofthefollowingmapsshowsrightlythepositionsofBeninanditsneighbouringcountries?

（Bn=Benin;Tg=Togo;Nr=Niger;BF=BurkinaFaso;Na=Nigeria;GG=GulfofGuinea）

17.ForhowlongwasBeninunderFrance?

A.Foroveracentury.B.Forroughlyacentury.

C.Foroverhalfacentury.D.Underhalfacentury.

18.ForhowlongwasBeninanindependentstatebeforeitbecameaPeople'sRepublic?

A.15years.B.25years.C.20years.D.30years.

19.ChoosetherightorderinwhichthefollowingpeopleruledinBenin.

(Ah=Ahomadegbe;Ke=Kerekou;Ma=Maga;So=Soglo)

A.So,Ma,Ah,Ma,KeB.Ma,So,Ma,Ke,Ah

C.So,Ma,Ke,Ma,AhD.Ma,So,Ma,Ah,Ke

20.WhenandhowdidBeningetitstwonames—BeninandDahomey?

A.Dahomeywasitsoldestname,butithasbeenreplacedbyBenin.

B.Beninwasitsoldestname.ThenameDahomeywasusedlater,buthasbeenreplacedbyBenin

again.

C.Dahomeywasitsoldestname.ThenameBeninwasusedlater,buthasbeenreplaced

byDahomeyagain.

D.Beninwasitsoldestname,butithasbeenreplacedbyDahomey.

四、能力測試

Itdoesn'tmatterwhenorhowmuchapersonsleeps,buteveryoneneedssomeresttostayalive.That'swhat

alldoctorsthought,untiltheyheardaboutAlHerpin.AlHerpin,itwassaid,neverslept.Couldthisbetrue?

Thedoctorsdecidedtoseethisstrangemanthemselves.

AlHerpinwas90yearsoldwhenthedoctorscametohishomeinNewJersey.Theythoughtforsurethat

hegotsomesleepofsomekind.Sotheystayedwithhimandwatchedeverymovementhemade.Buttheywere

surprised.Thoughtheywatchedhimhourafterhouranddayafterday,theyneversawHerpinsleeping.Infact,

hedidnotevenownabed.Heneverneededone.

TheonlyrestthatHerpinsometimesgotwassittinginacomfortablechairandreadingnewspapers.

Thedoctorswerepuzzledbythisstrangecontinuoussleeplessness.Theyaskedhimmanyquestions,

hopingtofindananswer.Theyfoundonlyoneanswerthatmightexplainhiscondition.Herpinremembered

sometalkabouthismotherhavingbeeninjuredseveraldaysbeforehewasborn.Butthatwasall.Wasthisthe

realreason?Noonecouldbesure.

Herpindiedattheageof94.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat.

A.largenumbersofpeopledonotneedsleep

B.apersonwhoactuallydidn'tneedanysleepwasfound

C.everyoneneedssomesleeptostayalive

D.peoplecanlivelongerbytryingnottosleep

2.ThedoctorscametovisitHerpin,expecting.

A.tocurehimofhissleeplessness

B.tofindthathissleeplessnesswasnotreallytrue

C.tofindoutwhysomeoldpeopledidn'tneedanysleep

D.tofindawaytofreepeoplefromtheneedofsleeping

3.Afterwatchinghimclosely,thedoctorscametobelievethatAlHerpin.

A.neededsomekindofsleepB.wastoooldtoneedanysleep

C.needednosleepatallD.oftensleptinachair

4.OnereasonthatmightexplainHerpin^sleeplessnesswas,

A.hismother'sinjurybeforehewasbomB.thathehadgraduallygotridofthesleepinghabit

C.hismagnificentphysicalconditionD.thathehadn'tgotabed

5.AlHerpin'sconditioncouldberegardedas.

A?acommononeB.onethatcouldbecured

C.veryhealthyD.arareone

第二課

一、技巧解疑

文章（或段落）的構(gòu)成有其內(nèi)在的規(guī)律性，其中心思想往往是通過主題句來體現(xiàn)的。因此考生對以下

四種結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)首先有所了解，然后通過一系列有意識的訓(xùn)練進而掌握它們。

1.主題句在篇（段）首的結(jié)構(gòu)

這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常用演繹法撰寫，遵循從一般到個別（特殊）的步驟，即先概述，然后用細節(jié)加以說明。

請看91年的PassageC:

JaneClark,fair-haired,blue-eyedandtoughassteel,hasjustwonthemostdifficultraceintheworld.In

seventeendaysshedroveadogteamandsledge（雪橇）across1,050milesoftheArcticCircleand

throughsomeofthemostdifficultlandintheworld.Inbitter（刺骨的）windsandsnow-stormsshedroveher

dogsalongtheArctictrack,intemperaturesthatreached-38℃.WhenJanewasaskedhowshefelt

aboutbeingthefirstwomanevertowintheraceshesaid,"Istillcan'tbelieveit."Shethenwentovertoinspect

herthirteenwild-eyeddogs.DavidWilson,whocamesecond,said,"Itsurehurtswhenayoungwomanisahead

ofyou.Butitdoesn'thurtforlong.Shewasagoodwinner.”

76.Whichofthefollowingbestgivesthemainideaofthisnewspaperarticle?

A.Womanwinstheworld'stoughestrace!

B.Womanfightsbitterwindsandsnow-storms!

C.Womanwinsasledgeraceintheworld!

D.WomandrivesadogteamacrosstheArctic!

這篇文章的首句就是主題句，其后的句子或是具體說明“世界上最困難的比賽”，或是從側(cè)面說明贏

得這場比賽的不易。本篇的終結(jié)句進一步呼應(yīng)了主題句。所以答案是A。

2.主題句在末尾的結(jié)構(gòu)

尾句是主題句的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是用歸納法撰寫的，其步驟是先表述細節(jié)或交代論據(jù)，最后做出概括性的結(jié)

論，以總結(jié)性的句子收尾。這種寫作方法的特點是從個別到一般，由特殊性到共性。請看98年P(guān)assageA

的最后一段：

OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtosee

him.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskates.Herolledonand

on.Suddenly,heranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,

breakingtopieces.NobodyforgotMerlin'sgrandentranceforalongtime!

54.Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?

A.Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.

B.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool.

C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation.

D.Merlingothimselfintotrouble.

這段文字從Merlin入場的細節(jié)敘述，最后一句做了歸納總結(jié)：“很長一段時間大家都沒有忘記Merlin

不同凡響的入場?！笨梢奙erlin取得了意想不到的成功。答案當(dāng)然是C了。

二、基本訓(xùn)練

Americansusemorewaterthananyotherpeopleintheworld.Ifwecontinuetousewaterattheratewe

donow,wewillsoonnothaveenoughtomeetourneeds.In1900,40billiongallons（力口侖）wereusedeachday

intheUnitedStates.In1980,700billiongallonswereused.TheaverageAmericanusesalmost90gallonsof

wateradayforpersonaluse.AndmuchmorewaterisneededtomakethethingsAmericanpeopleliketo

have.Forexample,ittakesthousandsofgallonsofwatertomakeonepoundofbeefforthedinnertable.It

takesmorethan100,000gallonsofwatertomakeacar.Ifweincludetheseusesofwater,theaverageAmerican

usesabout2000gallonsofwateraday.

QuestionThebesttitleforthepassageis.

A.WaterUseintheUnitedStatesB.TheProblemofWaterUse

C.WaterUseintheWorldD.WaterUseintheTwentiethCentury

HalloweenisanautumnholidaythatAmericanscelebrateeveryyear.Itmeans"holyevening",andit

comeseveryOctober31,theeveningbeforeAll-SaintsDay.However,it'snotreallyachurchholiday;ifsa

holidayforchildren.

Everyautumn,whenthevegetablesarereadytoeat,childrenpicklargeorangepumpkins.Thentheycut

facesinthepumpkinsandputlightsinside.Itlookslikethereisapersonlookingoutofthepumpkin!

Thechildrenalsoputonstrangemasks（面具）andfrighteningclotheseveryHalloween.Somechildren

painttheirfacestolooklikemonsters（怪物）.Thentheycarryboxesorbagsfromhousetohouse.Everytime

theycometoanewhouse,theysay,

"Trickortreat!Moneyoreat!"Theadults（成年人）putatreat--moneyorcandy-一intheirbags.

SomechildrenthinkofotherpeopleonHalloween.TheycarryboxesforUNICEF（TheUnitedNations

InternationalChildren'sEmergencyFund）.Theyaskformoneytohelppoorchildrenallaroundtheworld.Of

course,everytimetheyhelpUNICEF,theyusuallyreceiveatreatforthemselves,too.

Thebesttitleforthepassageprobablyis?

A.AnAutumnHolidayB.AChurchHolidayC.AHolidayforChildrenD.All-Saints

三、高考實戰(zhàn)（1991年高考試題）

O.HenrywasapennameusedbyanAmericanwriterofshortstories.Hisrealnamewas

WilliamSydneyPorter.HewasbominNorthCarolinain1862.Asayoungboyhelivedanexciting

life.Hedidnotgotoschoolforverylong,buthemanagedtoteachhimselfeverythingheneededto

know.Whenhewasabout20yearsold,O.HenrywenttoTexas,wherehetrieddifferentjobs.Hefirst

workedonanewspaper,andthenhadajobinabank.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,

O.Henrywasbelievedtohavestolenit.Becauseofthat,hewassenttoprison.Duringthethreeyearsin

prison,helearnedtowriteshortstories.Afterhegotoutofprison,hewenttoNewYorkandcontinued

writing.HewrotemostlyaboutNewYorkandthelifeofthepoorthere.Peoplelikedhisstories,because

simpleasthetaleswere,theywouldfinishwithasuddenchangeattheend,tothereaders*suiprise.

66.InwhichorderdidO.Henrydothefollowingthings?

a.LivedinNewYorkb.Workedinabankc.TravelledtoTexas

d.Wasputinprisone.Hadanewspaperjobf.Learnedtowritestories

A.e,c,f,b,d,aB.c,e,b,d,f,aC.e,b,d,c,a,fD.c,b,e,d,a,f

67.PeopleenjoyedreadingO.Henry'sstoriesbecause

A.theyhadsurpriseendings.B.theywereeasytounderstand.

C.theyshowedhisloveforthepoor.D.theywereaboutNewYorkCity.

68.O.Henrywenttoprisonbecause

A.peoplethoughthehadstolenmoneyfromthenewspaper.

B.hebrokethelawbynotusinghisownname.

C.hewantedtowritestoriesaboutprisoners.

D.peoplethoughthehadtakenmoneythatwasnothis.

69.WhatdoweknowaboutO.Henrybeforehebeganwriting?

A.Hewaswell-educated.B.Hewasnotseriousabouthiswork.

C.Hewasdevotedtothepoor.D.Hewasverygoodatlearning.

70.WheredidO.Henrygetmostmaterialforhisshortstories?

A.Hislifeinsidetheprison.B.Thenewspaperarticleshewrote.

C.ThecityandpeopleofNewYork.D.Hisexcitingearlylifeasaboy.

IndianapolisisthecapitalandlargestcityofIndiana,U.S.A.Withapopulationof744,000,itis

oneofthelargestcitiesintheworldthatcannotbereachedbywater.However,Indianapolisisacitythrough

whichmanyrailways,roads,busesandplanespass.Therearemanyfactorieswhichmaketrucks,farmtools,

andelectricalthings.Thesefactoriescauselittlepollutionforthecity.ButlerUniversity,well-knownfor

engineering,andthelawandmedicalschoolsofIndianaUniversity,areinthecitycentre.Nearbyisthe

Indianapolisracecourse,wherethenation'smostfamouscarraceisheldeachyearonMay30th.

IfyouvisitedIndianapolisyouwouldbeabletofindyourwayaroundeasilybecausemostofthe

streetscrosseachotherlikeachessboard（棋盤）.Inthecentreofthecity,calledtheCircle,standstheSoldiers,

andSailors*Monument,100metreshigh.Alsointhecentretherearemanybuildingsmadeofthefamous

Indianastone,whichmakesthemwhiteincolour.

71.WhatisIndianapolisbestknownfor?

A.Itsyearlymotorrace.B.Itsschoolsandlibraries.

C.Itsuniversitiesandmedicalschools.D.ItsSoldiers1andSailors'Monument.

72.YoucanNOTtraveltoIndianapolisby

A.boat.B.train.C.car.D.bike.

73.Fromthetext,whatdowelearnaboutthesizeofIndianapolis?

A.ItisthelargestcityintheU.S.A.B.Ithasapopulationofoveramillion.

C.