高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案

高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案

五大基本句型

1.主(n./pron./todosth/doingsth/主語從句)---謂(vi.)(如：come,go,arrive,stay,work,fall,rise,

die,happen,fail,appear,lie,sit,stand,last)

(l).Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

(2).Yourbrotherhasgonehome.

3).WeworkhardatEnglish.

2.主一一謂(vt.如：visit,spend,forget,raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)---賓(n./pron./to

dosth/doingsth/賓語從句)

(1).1studychemistryandhestudiesphysics.

(2).1haveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.

(3).Hedoesn'tknowwhattoread.

3.X-------謂(vt.)-----間接賓語(sb)-------直接賓語(sth.)

(l).Givesbsth=Givesthtosb:send,pass,hand,show

(2).Buysbsth=Buysthforsb:make,get,cook,call,find

⑶.Asksbsth=Asksthofsb

(l).Willyoulendmeyourbike?

(2).PeterboughtMaryanewdress.

(3).Pleasegethimsomehotwater.

(4).Willyoutellussthaboutyourschoollife?

(5).Thislittleboyisalwaysaskingtheteacherallsortsofquestions.

(6).Passmethepaper,please.

(7)JohnisteachingMaryhowtorideabicycle.

4.主-—謂(vt.)----賓---補(bǔ)(n./adj/adv/介詞短語/todosth--如：ask,tell,order,want,wish,

encourage,allow,forbid/Dosth——如：“四看"、"二聽"一感覺"；have,let與make/Doing

sth/Donebysb.)

(1).1sawherenterthelab.

(2).NathanHalefelthisheartbeatingfast.

(3).Weelectedhimourschoolheadmaster.

(4).Thestudentsoftenkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.

(5).rilhavethebikerepaired.

(6).1heardhimsinginghappilyinthenextroom.

(7).Thatmanmadetheboyobeyhim.

(8).Hepaintedthedoorred.

(9).Shefoundherbikestolen.

(10).letmehavealook.WecallherXiaoli.

(1l).Weaskedthemtostayforlunch.

(12).1wishyoutogowithme.

(13).Don'tkeepyourmotherwaiting.

(14).suddenlyshesawawalletlyingontheground.

(15).Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselftieddown.

5.主---系

(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make)--表。

(l).Thenewswasexciting.

(2).Hewasexcitedatthenews.

(3).Theteachers'officeiscleanandtidy.

(4).ShebecameaLeaguememberin1978.

(5).TheSummerPalacelooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.

(6).Themusicsoundssweet.

(7).Youranswerdoesn'tsoundright.

(8).Thedishsmellsgood/delicious.

(9).Theliquidtastesbitter.

(10).MyjobistoteachEnglish./teachingEnglish.

(1l).Thisstoryisveryinteresting.

(12).rminterestedinthestory.

(13).Hebecameawriterin1960.比較：

Heturnedwriterin1960.

(14).Hewillmakeagoodathlete.(成為)

希望你能熟記上述經(jīng)典例句，真正掌握這五大基本句型呀。

定語從句

1.什么叫定語從句？先行詞？引導(dǎo)詞？定語從句的位置如何?

(1).Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

(2).ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredeliicious.

(3).Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere?

(4).ThegirlthatwesawyesterdaywasJim'ssister.

(5).Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.

(6).Whoisthepersonwhomyoujusttalkedto?

(6).Mrs.Readisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.

(7).1stillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

(8).Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.

(9).Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

(10).WeiFangisthestudentwhosehomecaughtfirelastnight.

2.定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為5個(gè)關(guān)系代詞：(l).who—指人，在從句中作主語。(2).whom—指人,

在從句中作賓語。(3).whose-指人或物，在從句中作定語。(4).which…指物，在從句指作主

語或賓語;which還可以作定語起到限定詞的作用(this/that/these/those),但其前面必須有介詞。

(5).that-指人或物，在從句指作主語或賓語。(5)as—指人或物，在從句中作主、賓、表，既

可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句(thesameas,such―as,as/so—as),也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

(位置靈活).

3個(gè)關(guān)系副詞:(l).when-指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。(2).where—指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)

狀語。(3).why?.指原因，在從句中作原因狀語。

注意：判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞，主要取決于什么？

取決于引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?/p>

若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語時(shí)，須用關(guān)系代詞；若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語時(shí)，

須用關(guān)系副詞。

(l).rilneverforgetthedayyousavedme.

That'sthespecialdayFilneverforget.

(2).Thisisthehousemyauntlivedlastyear.

Thisisthehousemyauntboughtlastyear.

(3).We'llvisitthevillage,wasoncethesiteofafamousbattle.

We'llvisitthevillage,afamousbattleoncetookplace.

(4).Oct.1,1949wasthedaywellneverforget.

Oct.1,1949wasthedaythePRCwasfounded.

(5)Helosthistemper,atwhichpointIdecidedtogohome.此時(shí)我決定回家

(6)ChaplinwenttotheStatesin1910,bywhichtimehehadlearnedtodanceandactincomedies.

(7)Hissoninsistedonjoiningthearmy,inwhichcasehehadtogivein.

3.一般來說，that/which都可以指物(可互用)，但在下列情況下，必須用that指物，不用

which.

(1).當(dāng)先行詞本身為不定代詞時(shí)：all,much,little,sth,anything,everything,noyhing.

(2).當(dāng)先行詞被adj最高級(jí)/序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

(3).當(dāng)先行詞被thevery(正是、就是)、theonly、thelast修飾時(shí)。

(1).A11thatglittersisnotgold.

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

Youcantakeanyroomthatyoulike.

Thereisnodifficultythatwecan'tovercome.

ThisisthelasttimethatI'llgiveyoualesson.

ThisistheverybookthatI'mafter.

Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí))

4.As引導(dǎo)的定語從句：(as在定語從句中必須充當(dāng)成分：主語、賓語、表語)

(l).Thesame-----as--------

(2).Such-------as--------

(3).As-clause,main-clause==Main-clause,as-clause.

(4).such/as----as-------

(5)as/so------as--------

(l).Asweknow,morethan70%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.

(2).Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.

(3).Thiskindofcomputer,asiswell-known,isoutofdate.

(5).ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.

(6).1havethesametroubleasyou(have).

(7).Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.

(8).Airisagas,asisknowntous.

Asweallknow,airisagas.

Air,asweknow,isagas.

(9)Hecanliftsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecan.

比較：Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystonethatnoonecanliftit.(結(jié)果狀語從句)

Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystoneasnoonecanlift(定語從句)

注意：Las引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句常有，只能指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，不能指代單個(gè)先行詞:

“如同——那樣，，：asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaid

before/above,ashasbeenpointedout,asmightbeexpected(正如所預(yù)料的那樣),asisoftenthe

case(情況常常是這樣)，

2.which在非限制性定語從句中，既可以指代整個(gè)主句，也可以指代單個(gè)先行詞。指代的是

先行詞本身而不是主句時(shí)，不可用as代替which.

3.在非限制性定語從句中作主語時(shí)，which既可作系動(dòng)詞be的主語，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語,

而as只能作系動(dòng)詞be的主語。

(1)Theappletree,whichIplantedlastyear,hasnotanyfruit.

(2)Hemarriedher,which/aswasnatural.

(3)Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.

5.特殊的句型

(l).Doallonecantodosth.

Dowhatonecantodosth.

Do/tryone'sbesttodosth.

(2).1don'tliketheway(that)youwalk

Idon'tliketheway(inwhich)youwalk.

(3).This/Itisthe1st/2ndtimethatIhavedonesth.

This/Itwasthe1st/2ndtimethatIhaddonesth.

(4).Helivesinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth.

Helivesinthehousethewindowofwhichfacessouth.

Helivesinthehouseofwhichthewindowfacessouth.

(5).Heenteredthemeetinghall,inthefrontofwhichweresittingsomeimportantmen.

⑹比較：Asisreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.

Itisreportedinthenewspaperthattalksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.

Whatisreportedinthenewspaperisthattalksbetweenthe2countriesaremaking

progress.

(7)Wewentuptotheroof,fromwherewehadagoodviewoftheprocession.

Theystoodnearthewindow,fromwherewecouldseethewholegarden.

注意：(l)No/never/not--------先行詞----But——=that------not或who------not:“沒有-----不

——的“

(2)當(dāng)先行詞是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage等名詞時(shí)，表示情況、方面、

處境時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞where.但先行詞是occasion時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞when.

(!)Therewasnomanbutadmiredhim=nomanwhodidn'tadmirehim.

(2)Thereisnodificultybutmaybesmoothedaway.=nodifficultythatmaynotbesmoothed

away.

(3)Therearesomecases,wherethisroledoesn*tholdgood.(適用)

(4)InChinathereisnoonebutknowsLeiFeng.

(5)Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.

(6)Hersisterhasbeecomealawyer,shewantedtobe.

A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which(關(guān)系代詞指代人的職業(yè)、身份)

6.相似結(jié)構(gòu)，注意辨別：

(l)*Isthismuseumtheyvisitedyesterday?

*Isthisthemuseumtheyvisitedyesterday?

*Isthismuseumtheystayedyesterday?

*Itwasthemuseumyousawmanytreasures.

*Itwasinthemuseumyousawmanytreasures.

*Itwasinthemuseumyoudroppedinthatyousawmanytreasures.

(2).Shelivedinthehousesheusedtolive.

sheusedtolivein.

sheusedtodropin.

sheusedtovisit.

windowswerebroken.

thewindowswerebroken.

andwindowswerebrokken.

thebrokenwindows.A.whereB.inwhichC.at

whichD.thatE.whichF.itsG.withH.ofwhichI.whoseJ.不填K.theone(that)

Keys:l.k;de;a;ab;d;e2.ab;dej;de;de;i;h;f;g.

(3).isknownisthathehasgonetocollege.

isknownthathehasgonetocollege.

isknown,hehasgonetocollege.

Weallknowhehasgonetocollege.

Hehasgonetocollege,madeussurprised.

Hehasgonetocollegeandmadeussurprised.

Hehasgonetocollege,surprisedus.

Hehasgonetocollege,Iamsurprisedat.

surprisedusmostwashehasgonetocollege.

A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.WhatE.that

(4).Heissuchagoodteacherwealllike.

Heissuchagoodteacherwealllikehim.

Heissuchagoodteacher,weallknow.

Heisagoodteacher,makesusrespecthim.

A.asB.thatC.which

(5).HearnvedinBeijingin1984,hebecameamanagersomeyearslater.

HearrivedinBeijingin1984,wasimportantforhim.

HearrivedinBeijingin1984,hewasalreadyinhisfifties.

HearrivedinBeijingin1984,andhebecamefamous.

Itwasin1984hearrivedinBeijing.

A.whenB.whereC.whichD.thereE.that

Keys:3.d;a;b;e;ce;c;bc;d;e4.a;b;ac;c5.b;c;a;d;e

名詞性從句

(一)、什么叫名詞性從句？名詞性從句在復(fù)句中的位置如何？

1.主語從句一-謂語一一賓語.

(1).Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.

(2).Whetherhewillgoornothasnotbeendecided.

(3).Itisn'tquiteclearwhyshedidit.

(4).Itisnotknownwhereshehasgone.

(5)Whatiscalledatomicenergyisactuallynuclearenergy.

2.主語-謂語(vt.)------賓語從句.

(1).1wonderwhetherornotMikeisathomenow.

(2).1don'tcarewhetherornothiscarbreaksdown.

(3).Hisparentsthinkitapitythattheirsondidn'tpassthe

exam.

(4)Afterwhatseemedanendlesswait,itwasatlasthisturntostepintotheconsultingroom.

(5)HewasbominwhatisnowknownasShanghai.

注意;it作形式賓語的特殊句型：

(l).oweittosb.that---“把—?dú)w功于—'

(2).Leaveittosb.that-―“把一留給某人去做“

(3).Takeitforgrantedthat---"想當(dāng)然"

(4).keepitinmindthat——"記住“

(5).1like/enjoy/hateitthat-----

(6).seetoitthat——=makesurethat——”務(wù)必、確?！?/p>

(7).dependonitthat---

(1).1enjoywhenyouhelpisintrouble.

A.it,thosewhoB.that,who

C.this,anyoneD.it,whoever

(2).1oweittoyouthatFmstillalive.

(3)1leaveittoyoutojudge.(我讓你做判斷)

(4).Youmaydependonitthattheywillhelpyou.(你可以放心他們會(huì)幫你的)

(5).Wouldyouseetoitthatthevillagershavecleandrinkingwater?(你負(fù)責(zé)保證)

(6)1takeitthatyouwon'tbecomingtoSophie*sparty.(我想你不回去參加)

(7).I'mcountingonitthatyouwillcome.(我正指望著你回來)

3.主語-系-----表語從句.

(l).Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

(2).That'swhyweloveourmotherlandsomuch.

(3).Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.

(4).Thereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterdywasthathewasill.

4.某些名詞(如：the

news/idea/fact/hope/belief/promise/suggestion/possibility/problem/conclusion/opinion/remark評(píng)

論、意見，saying格言、諺語，evidence)---引導(dǎo)詞(如：that,whether,how,when,where,why)—

同位語從句(注意：which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句)

(l).Herecomesthenewsthatsomeforeignfriendswillcometoourschool.

(2).Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.

(3).Wordcamethattheirheadmasterwouldsoonvisitourschool.

(4).1havenoideawhenshewillcomeback.

(二)、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞：

(1).連接詞：that,whether/if,asif-----在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。

(2).連接代詞：who,what,which,whose---在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語。

(3).連接副詞：when,where.why,how,howmany/much/soon/often/long--在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。

注意：(l).if不能引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句以及介詞

的賓語從句。

⑵.與ornot或不定式連用，要用whether.

(3).what本身有一定的意義，且在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，

而that本身無任何意義，且在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。

e.g.(l).Itisunknownwhether/ifsheisill.(如果用形式主語，if和whether都可以)

(2).1don'tcareifhedoesn'tshowup.他來不來我都不在乎(若賓語從句為否定結(jié)構(gòu),則多用

if,而不用whether)

(3)Afteryearsofhardwork,hewasmadewhathewas.(主語補(bǔ)足語----經(jīng)過多年的辛勞，她被

弄成這樣)

注意：inlhat(由于、因?yàn)?，exceptthat(除了——),butthat(如果沒有、要不是---),besides

that(除了——)

(1)1knownothingabouthiscareerexceptthatheisagraduateofTsinghuaUniversity.

(2)Hewouldhavehelpedusbutthathewasshortofmoneyatthattime.

(3)ButthatIsawit,Icouldn'thavebelievedit.

(三).弄清一類連詞：“無論(不管)-----”

Nomatterwho----==Whoever-------

Nomatterwhat---==Whatever-------

Nomatterwhich-----==Whichever-------

Nomatterwhen------==Whenever---------

Nomatterwhere-----==wherever----------

Nomatterhow+adj/adv------==However+adj/adv-------

左邊：只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。而右邊：既可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，又可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從

句。

(l).Fllgivethebooktowantsit.

(A).anyone(B).thosewho

(C).whoever(D).whomever

(2).Nomatterwho=Whoeverwantstoreadthebook,youmaylendittohim.

(3).Howeverlate=Nomatterhowlateheis,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.

(5).Whenever=Everytimehesawme,hegreetedme.

Whereveryougo,wellbethinkingofyou.

(四).弄清同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：

(l)that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，that充當(dāng)定語從句的成分；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，that不充當(dāng)從

句的任何成分。

(2)當(dāng)when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，其意義與先行詞有關(guān)，與先行詞的意義基本相同，

沒有疑問意義；但它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，其意義與被同位的詞毫無關(guān)系，其意義完全與疑

問詞相同，即when表示；“什么時(shí)候"，where表示：“哪兒”。它們引導(dǎo)兩種從句時(shí)都在從

句中做狀語。

(l).Heexpressedthehopethathehadformanyyears.

HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcometoChinaagain.

(2).1havethe1stimpressionthathegavemein1980.

Ihavethe1stimpressionthatheisanhonestman.

(3).Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.

Thewholenationwasplungedintodeepsorrowatthenews

thatAbrahamLincolnwasmurderedatatheatre.

(4)比較：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(定語從句)

ThisisthehousewhereIlived2yearsago.(定語從句)

Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.(同位語從句)

Thenarosethequestionwhereweweretogetthemachinesneeded.(同位語從句)

(五).特殊句型要牢記：

(l).Itissaid/believed/reported/thought/well-knownthat------

(2).Itturnedoutthat---"結(jié)果是,原來是---"

(3).Ithappenedthat---"碰巧-----”

(4).Itoccurredtomethat---=Itstruckmethat-------"突然想起----“

(5).Wordcamethat---"有消息傳來說------“

(6).Itseems/appearsthat--------”似乎是，好像是------“

(7).Itisapity/afact/nowonderthat----“真遺憾、是事實(shí)、難怪----“

(8).Itispossible/probable/likelythat----

(9).Itisimportant/necessary/strangethat-----｛從句中用虛擬語氣:(should)+動(dòng)詞原形｝

(10).Itiscertainthat----

(ll).Itfollowsthat----“于是乎，從而-----“

(12).Thereisnopointindoingsth.

Thereisnoneedtodosth.

(13).Itisuptosbtodosth.“該由某人做某事，由某人負(fù)責(zé)”

(14).Itisjustlikesbtodosth.“某人恰恰是這個(gè)樣子”

(15).Seetoitthat--=Makesurethat------"務(wù)必。確保”

(16).Howdiditcomeaboutthatyouwerelateagainyesterday?

六、弄清一組句型的區(qū)另U:

(l)Itwasnotuntil―that------(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu))

(2).Itwas+時(shí)間段+ago或+介詞短語+that--(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu))

(3).Itwas+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞+when——"當(dāng)----時(shí)已是——時(shí)間了”

(4).Itis/was/will(not)be+時(shí)間段名詞+before---(肯定句)“過多久---就/才---”；(否定句)

“不久―就/才―，

(5)Itis+時(shí)間段+since-------例如：

(l).ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIreceivedhisletter.

(2).Itwasonthecoaststhatlotsofpeopledisappeared.

(3).Itwas3yearsagothathearrivedinAustralia.

(4).Itwas10o'clockintheeveningwhenhecameback.

(5).Itwillbehoursbeforehearriveshere.

(6).Itwasnotlongbeforetheydrovetheenemyfromtheirhomeland.

(7).Itis3dayssinceweleftourschool.

(8).Itis10yearssinceIwasateacher.(我不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)10年了)

(9).Itis5yearssincehelivedinLondon.(他有5年不在倫敦住了)

狀語從句

一、什么叫狀語從句？狀語從句有哪些種類？引導(dǎo)詞是什么？

1.時(shí)間狀語從句：when,while,as,before,after,since,till(until),assoonas,hardly—when,no

sooner—than,once,each/everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,nexttime,themoment,theminute,

theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly

2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句：where,wherever

3.原因狀語從句：because,since,as,nowthat,inthat,

considering(that)

4.目的狀語從句：sothat一,inorderthat---,incase―,

forfearthat---(以防、以免、生怕)=lest

5.結(jié)果狀語從句：sothat---,so/such---that一

6.條件狀語從句：if,unless,as/solongas——,

onconditionthat―,providing(provided)that,assumingthat,suppose

that,supposingthat,giventhat,when

7.方式狀語從句：justas—,asif,theway---

8.讓步狀語從句：(al)though,everif,whether,

nomatterwho/what/where-,as(雖然),while

9.比較狀語從句：as-as,notas/so---as,more---than,

themore--一themore,less--than

伊J4口：l.Shetreatedthechildthewayhismotherdid.

2.Childasheis,heknowsalot.

3.MuchasIlikeit,Iwillnotbuyit.

4.Tryasyouwill,youwon'tmanageit.

5.LosemoneyasIdid,Igotalotofexperience.

4.Youmayborrowthisbook,onconditionthatyoudon'tlendittoanyoneelse.

5.F11comeonconditionthatJohnisinvited,too.

6.N0soonerhadIreachedthebusstopthanthebusstarted.

7.Hardlyhadheclosedthedoorwhentherecameaknockonit.

8.Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.

9.Wehadn'tmetfor20yearsbutIrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.

lO.Nowthatyouarewellagain,youcanworkwiththem.

11.Whenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.

12.Howeverlateheis,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.

13.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.

14.JackandTomhadtowait2moreweeksbeforethemanagercameback.

15.Forall（that）hehaslotsofmoney,he*sfarfrombeinghappy.（雖然、盡管）

16.Withallhisroughness,hehasaheartofgo1d.（雖然他粗俗，但他有一顆金子般的心）

17.Airistouswhatwateristofish.

18.Readingistomindwhatfoodistothebody.

19.1thoughtconditionswouldgetbetter,butasitistheyaregettingworse.（事實(shí)上，實(shí)際I青況是）

2O.Leaveitasitis.別動(dòng)它（讓它保持原來的樣子）

21.Statethefactsastheyare.按照實(shí)際情況把事實(shí)擺出來。

22.Heis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary」仿佛、好像可以說是）（=/=asitis/was）

23.Theskyiscovered,asitwere,withablackcurtain.（仿佛）

二、注意：特殊的引導(dǎo)詞（連詞）：

themoment——=assoonas--immediately——=directly-一

=hardly---when=nosoonerthan

as/solongas一,onconditionthat--,incase一,

nowthat--providedthat---=supposingthat---,

everytime——,thefirsttime???,thelasttime---,nexttime

伊J4口：（l）.Onarrivingatthestation,thethiefwasarrested.匕匕較：Onhisarrivalatclassroom,the

cameandthebellrang.

（2）.ThefirsttimeIclimbedontothewall,Ifeltnervous.

(3).ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.

三、并列連詞when=andjustthen(就在這時(shí)，突然---)的三種句型：

1.1wasdoingsth.whensth.happened.

2.1was(just)abouttodosth.whensth.happened.

3.1had(just)donesth.whensth.happened.

例如：1.1wasjustabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.

2.1hadjustfallenasleepwhenthebabystartedtocry.

3.1wasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.

四、狀語從句中的省略：

有些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中，如果從句中的主語與主句中的主語一致或

主語為it時(shí)，且從句謂語又包含Be動(dòng)詞，就可以省略從句中的“主語+Be”部分。

l.Ifasked,,youmaycomein.

2.Whenwalkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.

3.Ifpossible,sendmewordtomorrow.

4.Hewon'tattendthemeetingunlessinvited.

5.Hegotmuchtallerthanexpected.

7.Helookedthroughthenewspaperwhilehavinghissupper.

8.Oncerecovered,shethrewherselfintoherstudy.

9.Whenstillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.he

lO.Shetriedherbestthoughratherpoolinhealth.

1l.Hewasfondofswimmingwhenyetachild.

12.Theboylookedasifafraidofnothing.

五、如何區(qū)別不同的從句：(1)據(jù)連詞。(2)據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意：

l.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.

2.Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.

3.1donrtknowwherehecamefrom.

4.Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.

5.Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.

6.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestionwhenreading.

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

一、八大時(shí)態(tài)和兩大語態(tài)的基本公式是什么？不同的時(shí)態(tài)分別與什么時(shí)間狀語連用？有關(guān)時(shí)

態(tài)之間的區(qū)別是什么？

1.時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本公式(要牢記)：

時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)(BeDonebysb.)

(1)-----do/doessth.(1)-----is/aredone(bysb.)

(2)didsth.(2)------------was/weredone(bysb.)

(3)is/aredoingsth.(3)--is/arebeingdone(bysb.)

(4)—was/weredoingsth.(4)---was/werebeingdone(bysb.)

(5)—has/havedonesth.(5)---has/havebeendone(bysb.)

(6)—haddonesth.(6)—hadbeendone(bysb.)

⑺…willdosth.(7)-willbedone(bysb.)

(8)—woulddosth.(8)—wouldbedone(bysb.)

⑼…willbedoingsth.(atthistimetomoirow)(表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)

(10)一willhavedonesth.(bythistimenextyear)(表示在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)

作)

注意：vi.和linkv.均無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：

(l).happen.takeplace.breakout.belongto.last.runout.cost.spread,own,contain,

occur,spread,rise,comeabout,cometrue,comeintobeing

(2).look,smell,taste,sound,feel(感官系動(dòng)詞),appear,become,get,grow,remain,keep,prove,

seem,stay,turn

例如：(1).Inthepast5years,greatchangeshavetakeninmyhometown.

(2).Cottonfeelssoft.

(3)Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.

(4)Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.(實(shí)用的)

2.時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語的搭配：

(1).一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):often,always,now,everymorning/day/week,seldom,usually,never,sometimes,

nowandthen,fromtimetotime,occassionally,onceaweek/year.

(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：now,atpresent,atthistime.

(3)一月殳過去時(shí)：yesterday,yesterdaymorning,lastweek,atthattime,thedaybeforeyesterday,

thenightbeforelast,theotherday,justnow.

(4)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：atthattime,then,atthistimeyesterday,atfouryesterday.

(5)一月殳將來時(shí)：tomorrow,tomorrowafternoon,inanhour,nextweek/year,aweeklater,how

soon,beforelong,in(the)future.

(6)過去將來時(shí)：thenextday/week/month.

⑺完成時(shí)：just,already,yet,ever,never,bynow,bytheendofthis/lastyear,thesedays/years,in

thelast/past10years,manytimes,sofar,recently,lately,allthetime.

注意：區(qū)別語境，靈活處理時(shí)間狀語與語態(tài)的關(guān)系。

(1).HehadbeeninB.J.for10yearsbeforeheleftforWuhan.

(2).Heoftengoeshungry.

(3).Heoftenwenthungryinthepast.

(4).Hewrotealetteryeslerdayevening.

(5).Hewaswritingaletteryesterdayeveningwhenhisfriendcamein

請(qǐng)記住下面這些經(jīng)典的例句吧：

(1).Whatwillyoubedoingatthistimetomorrow?

(2).Youwillhavegraduatedbythistimenextyear.

(3).Hepromisedtocome,buthehasn'tturnedupyet.

(4).Thepartyistobnheldat6:00onSaturdaymorning.

(5).Thisisaterriblyheavybox.Filhelpyoucarryit.(will表示臨時(shí)性的決定，而begoingto表

示事先經(jīng)過考慮或做好安排的將來).

再如:---You'veleftthelighton.

-----Oh,soIhave.Ellgoandturnitoff.

(6).Thefilmhadbeenonfor20minuteswhenwegottothecinema.

(7).Hewasjustabouttodivewhenhesawashark.

(8)Hewillbe30yearsoldnextyear./Tomorrowwillbethe20thofAugust.(will表示按自然規(guī)律

將必然會(huì))

(9)Fishwilldiewithoutwater./Oilandwaterwillnotmix./We'lldiewithoutairorwater.(will表

示事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢、傾向)

(10)比較：

*It'sweekssinceIfellill.(fallill“患病”，終止性動(dòng)詞,表示這一行為的開始)一我病了幾周了。

*It'sweekssinceIwasill.(beill"病了"，表示狀態(tài)，是持續(xù)性的，表示這一行為的終止)——我病

好了好幾周了。

Bealwaysdoingsth-----------表示說話者的感情色彩.例如：

(8).Heisalwayshelpingothers.

(9).Sheisalwayscominghomelate.

下列這些特定的時(shí)態(tài)是表示虛擬語氣的:

(1).Ihadhopedtocatchthe7:30train,butfoundit(was)gone.

(2).Ihadintendedtomakeacake,butIranoutoftime.

(3).I'dliketohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.

(4).Iwasgoingtofinishmyarticlebutmyfriendarrived,soIdidn'thavetime.

(5).was/weretohavedonesth.(原本打算做某事，但未做成.)

試著做一做吧：

(1).Whenwereachedtheairpport,it.

A.isprobablyrainingB.probablyrains

C.willprobablyberainingD.hasprobablyrained

(2).Alicehasjustarrived,butIuntil4.

A.haven'tknownshiwillcome

B.hadn'tknownshewascoming

C.don'tknowshewillcome

D.didn'tknowshewascoming

(3).UnluckilywhenIarrive,she,soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.

A.justleftB.wasleaving

C.hadjustleftD.hasjustleft

(4).——Whothatviolin?

-Mysister,whenshetime.

A.plays,hasB.isplaying,willhave

C.plays,ishavingD.isplaying,hashad

(5).--I'vebeentoldthatJohnfromhisjourneytoAmerica.Whataboutvisitinghim

tonight?

-----Allright.I'llpickyouupat6:00pm.

A.hadcomebackB.isback

C.camebackD.comingback

(6).ShirleyabookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.

A.haswrittenB.wrote

C.hadwrittenD.waswriting

(7).Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.Iforsometimethatthefactorywasgoingto

shutdown.

A.hadknownB.knew

C.haveknownD.know

(8)----Don'tyoufeelsurprisedtoseeBruceatthemeeting?

——Yes.Ireallydidn'tthinkshehere.

A.hasbeenB.hadbeen

C.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen

(9)——Willyourepeatyouridea?

-----Certainly.ButIthinkitcertainyouyourattention.

A.don'tpayB.didn'tpay

C.weren*tpayingD.aren'tpaying

(10)--一Howcanyouborrowmycomputerwithoutmypermission?

——Oh,Itotellyou.Ihopeyoudon'tmind.

A.forgetB.forgotC.hadforgottenD.amforgetting

(11)Mr.Smiththisweek?

------No.Heisonholiday.

A.Has,workedB.Does,workC.Did,workD.Is,working

二、不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞有：

(1)表示感官的動(dòng)詞:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等

(2)表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：be,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto,dependon,stay,continue

等

(3)表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等

(4)表示感情和思維的動(dòng)詞：fear,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive,like,love,hate,care,believe,want,

mind,wish,agree,mean,need等

(5)表示思考、理解的動(dòng)詞:understand,know,believe,think,