英語(yǔ)考級(jí)閱讀方法指導(dǎo)

wageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabour

考級(jí)閱讀技巧willrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsof

automation.

注：union工會(huì)，和雇員有關(guān)

六級(jí)與四級(jí)的區(qū)別：2.詞匯題一找詞所在句子關(guān)系

一、詞——詞匯量5500。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。例如：六級(jí)很難，但是……，找轉(zhuǎn)折連詞But,Yet,However。

二、句一出題考長(zhǎng)句子。并列關(guān)系。例如：AandB,問(wèn)A就把B內(nèi)容填進(jìn)去。

解釋關(guān)系。用和從句等聯(lián)系。

三、段一所有句子都認(rèn)識(shí)，但不知道整段的意思。But,Yet.However轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后面是becauseinwhich

重點(diǎn)，?？键c(diǎn)。例如：

四、選項(xiàng)一有迷惑選項(xiàng)，不像四級(jí)那么清晰。30.“Anidentifyingfigure”(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson.

A)whoservesasamodelforothers

B)whoisalwayssuccessful

原文重現(xiàn)：原文告訴你選什么，你就應(yīng)該選什么，不能憑感覺(jué)和想象。

C)whocanbedependedupon

盡量少讀：六級(jí)更多的對(duì)點(diǎn)出題，而不是對(duì)面出題。D)whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess

(文章前四段省略)

六級(jí)題型：Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhe

1.主旨題(SumUp/Title)一看文章每段第一句becomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeof

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?situations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableand

A)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.rewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.

B)Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.注：把握and前后是并列關(guān)系。

C)Unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.

D)Socialbenefitsofautomation.3.細(xì)節(jié)題一直接細(xì)節(jié)、因果推理、暗示

注：文章三段第句都出現(xiàn)automation,兩段出現(xiàn)labour,因此這兩個(gè)詞是重點(diǎn)，必然例如：

在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)。31.Itisimpliedthat討tyyearsago.

A)eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories

AutomationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofB)twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployees

productivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,C)thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameas

andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.thatofindustrialworkers

ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondD)thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthat

IndustrialRevolution".ofindustrialworkers

注：refersto下定義

34.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis.

LaboursconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonA)lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployee

employment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheB)asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelations

viewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofC)moreimportantthanemployer-employeerelations

automationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastD)asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganization

industrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomation

equipment.TheinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofOurshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone

inconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.

emphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossibleTodayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfifty

byautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,yearsaqo"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylabourerorasafarmhand,

andimprovedlivingstandards.theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformal

注：labour雇員education,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualand

technicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringthese

Tbprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshavelastfiftyyears:middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthe

adoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryfastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrial

unemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumerical

aplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.

driveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobs

andjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,Yetyouwillfinelittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcan

requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.

ofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor**,whichcallsforYbucanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist*s

tradeorbookkeeping(簿i己).Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,sets

differentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.YettheyallhaveManyofthechangestoEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobthe

employeeshipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessorinplanetofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth'sozonelayer(臭氧層)，for

government,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowing

professionalknowledaeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeout

knowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelyspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingwillcome

possesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,

administrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithinthestabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth's

organizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.complexweblife.

4.作者態(tài)度題(attitude)正負(fù)態(tài)度36.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighly

凡是文章探討新事物一正態(tài)度controversial

凡是文章探討老事物一負(fù)態(tài)度issue?

例外：中立題A)Becausepeoplecan'tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.

B)Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.

C)Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.

25.Thewriter'sattitudetowardstheuseofthetelephoneis.

D)Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.

A)affectionate

注：細(xì)節(jié)題。第?段

B)disapprovingeconomicinterests

C)approving?表示絕對(duì)的詞一出現(xiàn)在文章中，是非常重要的出題點(diǎn)；如果出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，很可能是

D)neutral不對(duì)的。

?例子：例子必出題。文章有論點(diǎn)-論據(jù)-論證，例子是論證，用來(lái)支持論點(diǎn)，所以簡(jiǎn)而全無(wú)：

言之，例子本身不重要，但前后論點(diǎn)極其重要二non-nothing-never-seldom-absolutely-hardly-little-few-prevent-exclude

例子開(kāi)始的標(biāo)志：forexample,后面跟著大寫(xiě)、時(shí)間、年代，依然是舉例內(nèi)-neither...nor

容。全有：all-every-full-either...

唯一：

例子含義的標(biāo)志:show,tell,prove,demonstrate,find,clearlyonly-exactly-best-most

[Page72]37.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests.

IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlyA)mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitsfightagainstpoverty.

controversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredB)benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountries.

SpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies'livingareas,andC)shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulation.

policiesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.IntheD)willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries.

199018,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedStateswerechallenged注：細(xì)節(jié)題，對(duì)應(yīng)文章第二段。舉例前那句話更重要，只要表達(dá)出“和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益沖突”就

legallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallenge對(duì)了。

wasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl(貓頭鷹)，whoseremaining

populationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.38.Accordingtotheoassaq。，cuttingtresstogrowmorefood.

TheproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofA)willwidenthegapbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcountries.

corporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.AftermonthsofdebateandB)isbutashort-termrelieftothefoodproblem.

legalbattles,thefateofthewoodcutters-andtheowls-wasstillundecidedinmid-1992.C)canhardlyalleviatetheshortageoffood.

注：1.controversial的意思是受爭(zhēng)議的,同“sharplypoliticalissue"，contro表示“反”D)provestobeaneffectivewayoutforimpoverishednations.

注：對(duì)應(yīng)文章第二段。對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)應(yīng)。

2.forexample前句子是重點(diǎn)Short-termtemporarily,reliefavoid

3.problematic懸而未決的

39.Among“humanity'scurrentproblems*'(Line6,Para.3),thechiefconcernofthe

scientists

Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Many

is.

peopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsin

A)theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountries.

tropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.

B)theexplosionofthehumanpopulation.

(使窮困)，

ButthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverishedwithpopulationsC)thereductionofbiologicaldiversity.

growingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidD)theeffectofglobalwarming.

worseningpovertyandstarvation.

注：第三段。C選項(xiàng)中reduction對(duì)應(yīng)rob,diversity對(duì)應(yīng)richness。

注：1.tension張力，沖突

2.看到similar就說(shuō)明第二段說(shuō)的和第一段一樣。4O.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis.

3.But轉(zhuǎn)折是重點(diǎn)A)todescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanity'scurrentproblems.

B)topresentthedifferentviewsonhumanity*scurrentproblems.

C)toanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanity'scurrent22.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.

problems.(A)theteenagers*criticismoftheirparents

D)topointoutthathumanity'scurrentproblemscanonlybesolvedthroughthe(B)misunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparents

cooperationofnations.(C)thedominanceoftheparentsovertheirchildren

注：看最后——句話，cooperationofnations對(duì)應(yīng)coordinatedinternationalefforts。(D)theteenagers'abilitytodealwithcrises

注：段落主旨，B和C只說(shuō)了一部分。

[Page80]

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoItisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblame

affecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,themformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwayscomplained,

behavioralimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家)MarkLaudenslger,attheUniversityofDenver,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways;thattheyare

gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbypossessiveanddominantthattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;that

turningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldmot.Theratsinthetwotheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblemsandthattheyhavenosenseofhumour,at

groupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfleastinparent-childrelationships.Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheir

anditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.Youngpeople

responsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainers

turnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontrolandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhich

overanevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.theyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.

注：1.vulnerable易受傷看的Then,ifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesor

hairstylesirritatetheirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyare

2.immunedefense免疫系統(tǒng)

superior,atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.

3.found之后是試驗(yàn)告訴我們的觀點(diǎn)

注：1.critical吹毛求疵的，很重要的

4.depress壓抑，de往下

40.Themainideaofthispassageisthat.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolof(A)attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities

Medicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon't(B)betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityof

developsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butourlife

iftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylater(C)theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmany

behavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsyearsago

reinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessis(D)prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities

oneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

注：1.看第一句三個(gè)單詞就知道本段內(nèi)容和上一段相同。Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributin。toanimportantextenttothedualityofthe

2.passive被動(dòng)的urbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureorevery

bookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresent,itisgenerally

21.Laudenslager*sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhoaccepted,althoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofa

couldturnofftheelectricity.closely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspacesin

A)wasstrengthenedtheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,

B)wasnotaffectedthatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandabout

C)wasalteredthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.Astothisrathercomplex

D)wasweakenedsubjectIshall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelythe

注：定位文章第一段found之后recreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.

注：GF對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境有重要的貢獻(xiàn)。

22.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto.

A)trytocontrolunpleasantstimuliThetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformany

B)turnofftheelectricityyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedin

C)becomeabnormallysuspiciousdisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewas

D)behavepassivelyincontrollablesituationsrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirect

注：定位第二段But之后那句話neighbourhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,

becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,is

23.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat.usedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenair

A)theydislikeditstastehastobeginatthestreet-doorofthehouse.Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferas

B)itaffectedtheirimmunesystemsmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthat

C)itledtostomachpainsmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.

D)theyassociateditwithstomachachesTheverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasant

walkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetheunderstandanddevelopbothaspectsofwell-being,iftheyaretofeelgoodabout

risksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingthemselves.

foramomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeaftertheOurstudyshowsthat,forwomen,well-beinghastwodimensions.Oneis

street-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.mastery,whichincludesself-esteem(自尊)，asenseofcontroloveryourlife,andlow

23.Thepassagemainlydealswith.levelsofanxietyanddepression.Masteryiscloselyrelatedtothe"doing"sideoflife,to

(A)thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimpsworkandactivity.Pleasureistheotherdimensions,anditiscomposedofhappiness,

(B)thesurvivalofdesertshrimpssatisfactionandoptimism(樂(lè)觀).Itistiedmorecloselytothe"feeling"sideoflife.The

(C)theimportanceofwatertolifetwoareindependentofeachother.Awomancouldbehighinmasteryandlowin

(D)lifeintheMojaveDesertpleasure,andviceversa.Forexample,awomanwhohasagoodjob,butwhose

注：三段出現(xiàn)shrimp,說(shuō)明本文主要講shrimp,排除C和D,A選項(xiàng)出espan沒(méi)出現(xiàn)過(guò)。motherhasjustdied,mightbefeelingverygoodaboutherselfandincontrolofher

worklife,butthepleasuresidecouldbedamagedforatime.

TherearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveTheconceptsofmasteryandpleasurecanhelpusidentifythesourcesofwell-being

seeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae(幼蟲(chóng)).Inforwomen,andremedypastmistakes.Inthepast,womenwereencouragedtolook

addition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughonlyatthefeelingsideoflifeasthesourceofallwell-being.Butweknowthatboth

yearsofdrought(干旱)intheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps(小蝦)thatmasteryandpleasurearecritical.Andmasteryseemstobeachievedlargelythrough

liveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouth-westoftheUnitedStateswork.Inourstudy,allthegroupsofemployedwomenratedsignificantlyhigherin

whereshadetemperaturesofover50Careoftenrecorded.masterythandidwomenwhowerenotemployed.

TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsAwoman'swell-beingisenhanced(增進(jìn))whenshetakesonmultipleroles.At

ofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,leastbymiddleadulthood,thewomenwhowereinvolvedinacombinationof

theseeggshatch(孵化).Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsroles-marriages,motherhood,andemploymentwerethehighestinwell-being,despite

aboutamillimetrelongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowwarningsaboutstressandstrain.

inthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal130.Thebesttittleforthepassagewouldbe.

millimetretoalengthofabout1.5centimetres.A)Apple'sEffortssoStayAheadofIBM

Throughoutthetimethattheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeB)Apple'sNewComputerTechnology

equallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.BytheC)Apple'sNewpersonalComputers

twelfthday,however,whentheyareabout3centimetrelong,hundredsoftinyeggsD)Apple'sResearchActivities

formontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthe

lakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthethirteenthdayandthenext,duringtheThecompetitionamongproducersofpersonalcomputersisessentiallyaraceto

finalhoursof