




版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
考研英語(yǔ)試題語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)精析
【語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)精析之虛擬語(yǔ)氣】
虛擬語(yǔ)氣的重點(diǎn)是:
1.一些常見的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型或結(jié)構(gòu)。
2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊形式,即用來(lái)表示要求、的建議、的命令、的提議、的意愿等的主語(yǔ)從
句、的賓語(yǔ)從句、的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的胸形式。
3.主從句表示不同的時(shí)間概念、的事實(shí)或假設(shè)情況,從而交錯(cuò)成為復(fù)合虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
4.含蓄條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表示愿望的虛擬形式。
上述四個(gè)要點(diǎn)往往在完形填空或者閱讀理解里面存在,尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直
接考這方面的知識(shí)的題目,而在閱讀理解里,我們掌握上述四個(gè)重點(diǎn)對(duì)于我們理解文章的大
意和作者態(tài)度很有幫助,了解哪些觀點(diǎn)是作者假設(shè)的、的虛擬的,哪些是真實(shí)的,這樣對(duì)于
我們回答關(guān)于作者態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題很有幫助。
下面我們將主要從上述四個(gè)方面來(lái)重點(diǎn)論述在考試中應(yīng)該注意的問題。
一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見類型和句型
(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
A.用wish表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望時(shí),它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為:過去式(be
動(dòng)詞用were1
B.用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望時(shí),它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為:would,could,
might+動(dòng)詞原形。
C.wish用于對(duì)過去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為:
had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞或could,would+have+動(dòng)詞過去分詞。
Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath;IwishIhadnotgonetoit.
—“IletJoeborrowourradiofortheafternoon.”
——"That'sallright,butIwishhewouldbuyoneofhisown.”
Iwishthathewerenrtsolazy.
(2)hadhoped引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中備用語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為would+動(dòng)詞原形,表示一種過去未
實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或令人失望的事。
Hisfatherhadhopedthathissonwouldgotobusinesswithhim,buthisson
becameanartistlater.
(3)would(had)rather,wouldassoon,wouldsoonerfQwouldprefer所弓|起的從
句中要求用過去式表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)的情況,用過去完成時(shí)表示過去的情況,表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)
的責(zé)備。例如:
rdratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.我倒希望你把這封信立刻寄出去。
Iwouldpreferhedidnrtstaytheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在那兒可得太久。
Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday?我真希望你昨天把這本
書還了。
(4)Its(high,about)timethat句型中that從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,即動(dòng)詞要用
過去式。
It'stimethatsomethingwasdoneaboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.
Itishightimethatweputanendtothisdiscussion.現(xiàn)在是我們?cè)摻Y(jié)束講座的時(shí)
候了。
(5)as,或者whether…。r…謂語(yǔ)多用be的原形,引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句,這種用法通常采用
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):
Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,betheyChristian,
Islamivc,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.
Thebusinessofeachday,beitsellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquite
smoothly.
由連接詞引起的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
(6)incase,sothat,unlessflest,forfearthat
要用虛擬形式,即should(might,would)+動(dòng)詞原形,例如:
Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold.她在那個(gè)嬰兒
身上蓋上了毯子以免他著涼。
Thebadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllestheinjurehimself.
⑺ifitwerenotfor…與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,ifithadnotbeenfor與過去事實(shí)相反,兩
個(gè)都相當(dāng)于butfor:
Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp(=butforhishelp),wewouldnothavesucceeded.
(8)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于asif(though月I起的方式狀語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中,其動(dòng)詞形式與wish
賓語(yǔ)從句的形式相同。例如:Sheoftenlaughsspontaneously,andhergoodhumor
breaksoutasbrightlyasifitwereapartofthesunshineabove,她常常發(fā)出發(fā)自內(nèi)
心的微笑,而且她那美好的情緒像天上一道明亮的陽(yáng)光一樣,常常流露出來(lái)。
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.他們交談著,就文摘他們是的
老朋友一樣。
Shelooksasifshewouldcry.她看起來(lái)好像要哭了。
(9)其它各種句型,asthough,suppose,hadrather,supposing,if0nly等等
IfIwereinamovie,thenitwouldbeabouttimethatIburiedmyheadinmy
handsforacry.
二、特殊形式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊形式,即用來(lái)表示要求、的建議、的命令、的提議、的意愿等的主語(yǔ)從句、
的賓語(yǔ)從句、的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬形式,其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成往往是由
should(可省略)+動(dòng)詞原形that從句。
A、的用于表示意愿、的建議、的命令、的提議、的請(qǐng)求等動(dòng)詞后的that賓語(yǔ)從句中,這
類動(dòng)詞有:
ask要求advise建議arrange安排beg請(qǐng)求
command命令decide決定demand要求desire渴望
determine決定insist堅(jiān)持intend打算maintain堅(jiān)持主張
move建議,動(dòng)員propose提議object反對(duì)order命令
prefer建議require需要request要求resolve下決心
recommend推薦suggest建議stipulate約定,規(guī)定urge強(qiáng)調(diào),促進(jìn)
vote公認(rèn),提議decree頒布(法令)pray請(qǐng)求
注意:這類動(dòng)詞后面除了可接that虛擬句以外,也可以接doing或者todo...來(lái)表達(dá),一
般情況下,意思沒有什么差別。
Sheadvisedthatweshouldkeepthegatelocked.(書面體)
Sheadvisedustokeepthegatelocked.(口語(yǔ))
Sheadvisedkeepingthegatelocked.(較隨便)
B、的用于Itis+形容詞或過去分詞+主語(yǔ)從句中,這類形容詞或分詞有:
advisable合理的decided決定的crucial關(guān)握的appropriate恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
determined決定的commanded命令的arranged安排的essential緊要的
complied遵照anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的
desirable合意的better較好的insistent堅(jiān)持的desired想要
asked請(qǐng)求keen渴望的incredible難以置信的adamant堅(jiān)定不移的
natural自然的insisted堅(jiān)持necessary必要的suggested建議
urgent緊迫的ordered命令shocked震驚的vital極其重要的
possible可能的strange奇怪的preferable(好一點(diǎn))proposed提議
requested要求的required要求的recommended推薦resolved決定的
probable(可能的)pity可惜,憾事shame遺憾
注意:這類形容詞后面除了可接that虛擬句以外,也可以for.?.t。do...
來(lái)表達(dá),一般情況下,意思沒有什么差別。
Itisessentialthatheshouldbepreparedforthis.
Itisessentialforhimtobepreparedforthis.
C.用于由表示建議、的要求.的命令、的請(qǐng)示等含義的名詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句
中,這類名詞常見的有:
advice忠告decision決定demand要求desire要求、的愿望
insistence堅(jiān)持motion提議necessity必要性order命令
preference偏爰proposal提議pray懇求recommendation推薦
request要求requirement要求resolution決心suggestion勸告、的忠告
例如:
Thisistheirresolutionthatextra-curriculumactivitiesbemadepartoftheir
schoollife.這是他們的決議:要使得課外活動(dòng)成為他們學(xué)校生活的一部分。
Themotionthattheremarkofthelastspeakerbeexpungedfromtherecord.
該提議要求把最后一個(gè)發(fā)言的人的講話從記錄上除掉。
三、混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣
有時(shí)主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)需要用混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一般來(lái)說(shuō),在這種情
況下,主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指代的時(shí)間不同,所以我們又可以錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句,在這種虛擬情況,
動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活使用,在做這些題目時(shí)候尤其要注意每道題目的提示語(yǔ):時(shí)間
狀語(yǔ)。絕大多數(shù)情況下,從句或者主句都有相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),這是我解題的關(guān)鍵。
Ifyouthatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepy.
A.haven1twatchedB.didnrtwatch
r答案選
C.hadntwatchedD.wouldn"thavewatchedCo
Manydeadwouldnowbealiveiftheyhavenotattemptedtoreturnfor
something.
HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairman
now.
混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣還有一種情況就是事實(shí)和虛擬假設(shè)的混合句,這樣的句子不僅僅是時(shí)間的不
同,而重要是事實(shí)和假設(shè)的混合。
Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI
wasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.
該句前半部分是假設(shè)虛擬,而后半部分是事實(shí)的陳述。
Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-up
examinationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime.
該句前半句用的是假設(shè)虛擬,后半句主句也用的是假設(shè)虛擬(如果你去并且解釋的話),但
是后半句的從句用的是事實(shí)語(yǔ)氣,因?yàn)椤案改覆×恕ㄊ强陀^事實(shí),故不需要用虛擬形式had
beeno
四、含蓄虛擬條件句
含蓄條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句,而是利用其他手段來(lái)暗示存在虛擬條件。但是
這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為if引導(dǎo)的條件句。常來(lái)表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段
有:
(1)介詞或介詞短語(yǔ),如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,undermore
favorablecondition等。
theleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Ifthere
hadnftbeentheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.
答案選
A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.AsforBo
Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.
連詞,如:(倘若...
(2)sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided)fforfear
(唯恐),(要是...就好了)等。
thatinorderthat,onconditionthatfif0nly
Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathe
wanted.=ifshelistenedcarefully,shemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.
IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar.
(注:lest,forfearthat和incase引起的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should+動(dòng)詞原形,但
可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,而用動(dòng)詞的陳述語(yǔ)氣形式。)例如:
Theforeignteacherspokeslowlyincasewemisunderstoodhim.這位外籍教師說(shuō)
得很慢以免我們聽不懂。
Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflowshouldoccur?在使用此法
時(shí)要小心謹(jǐn)慎,以免會(huì)發(fā)生溢流現(xiàn)象。
(3尷過上下文及內(nèi)在含義,句中往往有but,otherwise,unfortunately等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞。
Ithoughtthechildrenwhenwereturnedhome,buttheywerestillawake.
A.weresleepingB.wouldbesleepingC.hadbeensleepingD.wouldsleep選擇
(4)形容詞及其比較級(jí)
Amorecarefulpersonwouldnothavemadesomanymistakes.
Alessconscientiousmanwouldn"thavetriedsohardtogetthisjobdone.
(5)分詞短語(yǔ)
Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.
Borntendaysearlier,theboycouldhaveseenhislatefather.
(6)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned或was/were+
不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示
虛擬。
IintendedIshouldcallonyou,butIwasbusyatthattime.
TohearhimspeakFrench,youwouldtakehimforanEnglishman.
Shewouldbestupidnottoaccepthisinvitation.
Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.
⑺名詞短語(yǔ)和名詞+and結(jié)構(gòu)
Ajudiciousmanwouldnothavecommittedsuicide.
Adiligentstudentwouldhaveworkedharder.
(8)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
Allthingsconsidered,thepricewouldbereasonable.
(9)定語(yǔ)從句
Anyonewhohadbeeninyourpositionwouldhavedonethesame.
Anation,whichstoppedworking,wouldbedeadinafortnight.
(10)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式暗示虛擬語(yǔ)氣:
Ishouldhavecalledtomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn*t.
Theporteroughttohavecalledthefire-brigadeassoonashesawthefirein
thestock,whichwentupinsmoke.
(11)動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬
動(dòng)詞原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一種虛擬,最常見于正式文體中,動(dòng)詞原形一般用在條
件從句中,有時(shí)倒裝置于句首,同時(shí)這種用法也常見于獨(dú)立句中表達(dá)愿望。
Godblessyou!
Allmagnetsbehavethesame,betheylargeorsmall.
She'IIbesixteenyearsodd,comMay.(comeMay=whenMaycome).
Ifthatbeso,weshalltakeactionatonce.
強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練:虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,weallright.
A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe
2.morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.
A.IfthecaptainwereB.Hadthecaptainbeen
C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen
3.Ifhemetomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.
A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenable
C.werenotableD.arenotable
4.Ifyouaskedyourfatheryoupermission.
A.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavecalledD.maybeget
5.today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves
6.Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.
A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were
7.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,all
practicalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.
A.couldloseB.wouldhavelostC.mightloseD.oughttohavelost
8.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow.
A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe
9.IfyouJerryBrownuntilrecently,you'dthinkthephotographontheright
wasstrange.
A.shouldn'tcontactB.didn'tcontactC.weren*ttocontactD.hadn"t
contacted
lO.heEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday
A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor
11.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyIyouradvice
A.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed
12.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow.
A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.hadnftcontacted
13.Ifthehorsewontoday,itthirtyracesinfiveyears.
A.wouldhavewonB.wonC.musthavewonD.didhavewon
14.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,a
suddenloudnoise.
A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen
15.Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefilesrightaway.
A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprinted
C.mustbeprintedD.shouldbeprinted
②在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間插入一個(gè)定語(yǔ)。
如:DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouse
andborrowedadiamondnecklace?
你還記得嗎,十年前的一天下午,我來(lái)到你家,找你借了一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈?
whenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace實(shí)際上是修飾
而不是修飾實(shí)際上是定語(yǔ)后置修飾
afternoonyearsotenyearsagoafternoono
③先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句被謂語(yǔ)分隔開來(lái)。此時(shí),先行詞通常是句子的主語(yǔ),因定語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng),
主句謂語(yǔ)較短,為使句子平衡,常將定語(yǔ)從句移至謂語(yǔ)之后
如:AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
明天,新(男)老師將來(lái)較你德語(yǔ)。
【語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)精析之besides,but,except.exeptfor,excepting,apartfrom的
區(qū)別】
(1)besides與except
前者表示“除???以外,還有??.”;后者表示"從整體中除去...
這個(gè)大家都知道,就不舉例子了.
(2)except與exceptfor
a.除去的和非除去的是同類事物,用except
eg:
AlltheessaysarewellwrittenexceptNelson's.
Nelson的文章(除去的)和Alltheessays(非除去的)是同類事物,所以用except.
b.除去的和非除去的不是同類事物,用exceptfor,并且從語(yǔ)氣上通常表示遺憾.
eg:Hisessayiswellwrittenexceptforafewspellingmistakes.
afewspellingmistakes(除去的)和Hisessay(非除去的)是不同類的事物.
(3)apartfrom具有多重意義:既可表示besides,也可以表示exept或exeptfor,
還可以表示without的意思
eg:
Apartfromthecostjtwilltakealotoftime.(=besides)
Theorphanhadnoonetotakecareofhimapartfromhisuncle.(=except)
Hehasdonegoodwork,apartfromafewslightfaults.(=exceptfor)
Therecanbenoknowledgeapartfrompractice.實(shí)踐出真知.(=without)
(4)excepting=except,但一般用于句首或用于not,without,always等詞之后
eg:
Exceptinghisbrother,theyareallright.
Everyone,notexceptingmyself,mustsharetheblame.
Allofus,withoutexceptingthosewhoknowmoreaboutthesubject,should
study.
Allmybrotherscomhereeveryday,alwaysexceptingtheyoungest.
(5)but與except同義,但but多用在every,any,no等和由這些詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞
如everything,anywhere,nobody等詞以后及all,none之后
eg:
ThechildrengotoschooleverydaybutSunday.
Theyareallgonebutme.
Youcangetthebookanywherebuthere.
Thereisnoonebutme.
WhobutGeorgewoulddosuchathing?
【語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)之too...to結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定含義的情況】
我們知道too...to結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示否定含義,意為"太…以致于不能"
eg:Heistoooldtowork.
但too...to在下列情況下卻表示肯定含義:
(1)當(dāng)too前或to前有否定詞構(gòu)成雙重否定時(shí).
eg:Englishisnottoodifficulttolearn.
英語(yǔ)并不太難學(xué).
Heistoowisenottoseethat.
他很聰明,不會(huì)不懂這一點(diǎn).
⑵當(dāng)too后是
glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready.willing,kind,apt,good,true,easy,n
ear,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容詞或副詞時(shí).
eg:Theyaretooanxioustoleave.
他們急于離開.
Heistooreadytohelpothers.
他總是樂于助人.
與這些詞連用時(shí),t。。前還常加上only,all,but,just,simply等副詞,意思不變,因?yàn)檫@些詞加
上too后與very同義.
eg:I'monlytoogladtoseeyou.
見到他E常高興.
Theyarebuttoopleasedtohearthenews.
他們聽到這個(gè)消息,非常高興.
③與cannot連用時(shí).
eg:Youcannotbetoocareful(=Youcanneverbecarefulenough)todoyour
homework.
你做作業(yè)越仔細(xì)越好仁無(wú)論怎樣仔細(xì)也不過分).
⑷當(dāng)不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)或真正的主語(yǔ)時(shí).
eg:Therearetoomanyproblemstobesolved.
有很多問題有待解決.
Itistoomuchtosaythatheisafool.
【語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)精析之every表示"每隔"的用法】
(i)"everyother+單數(shù)名詞”
意思是“每隔一……”
如:everyotherday每隔一天everyothertree每隔一^$9
⑵“every+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞"或"every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞”
意思是“每隔。。?!保ㄝ^英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞少一個(gè))
如:everythreedays=everythirdday每隔兩天(或者譯為每三天)
因此everytwodays=everyotherday每隔一天(或者譯為每?jī)商欤?/p>
⑶“everyfew+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”
意思是“每隔幾。。?!?/p>
如:everyfewdays(每隔幾天)
【語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)精析之a(chǎn)live、的live、的living和lively的用法】
(1)lively有”活潑的、的快活的、的生動(dòng)的”等意思,可以指人或物,可作定語(yǔ)或標(biāo)語(yǔ);
但它沒有“活著的"意思,而其他三個(gè)都有。
如:
Youngchildrenareusuallylively.
小孩子們通常是活潑的。
Hetoldaverylivelystory.
他講了一個(gè)生動(dòng)的故事。
⑵alive、的live.的living都有"活的、的有生命的”意思,與dead意義相反。但live
通常只作前置定語(yǔ),且一般用于動(dòng)物;alive,的living不僅可作定語(yǔ)(alive只能置于名
詞后;living一般置于名詞前,也可置于名詞后),也可以作表語(yǔ)。
如:
Thisisalive(=living)fish.(=Thisisafishalive.)
這是一條活魚。(指動(dòng)物,目作定語(yǔ)時(shí),三者均可用)
Who'sthegreatestmanalive(=livingman)?
誰(shuí)是當(dāng)今最偉大的人物?(指人,不能用live)
Thefishisstillalive(=living)
那條魚還活著。(指動(dòng)物作表語(yǔ)時(shí)不能用live)。
(giving主要指在某個(gè)時(shí)候是活著的,而alive指本來(lái)有死的可能,但仍活著的。而且,作
主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用alive;作比喻義(如"活像……"、的"活生生的”
等)解時(shí),要用living.
如:
Theenemyofficerwascaughtalive.(作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),不用living)
那位敵方軍官被活捉了。
Wefoundthesnakealive.(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),不用living)
Heisthelivingimageofhisfather」比喻義,不用alive)
他活象他父親。
⑷只有l(wèi)iving前加the方可表示“活著的人",作主語(yǔ)時(shí),視作復(fù)數(shù)。
如:
Thelivingaremoreimportanttousthanthedead.
活著的人對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)比死去的人更重要。
【語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)精析之含義因有無(wú)冠詞而迥異的短語(yǔ)】
atplay在玩
attheplay在看戲
behindtime遲到
behindthetimes落在時(shí)代后
byday在白天
bytheday按日計(jì)算
bysea痛臺(tái)
bythesea在海邊
infrontof在…(外面的)前面
inthefrontof在…(內(nèi)部的前面)
inchargeof看護(hù),負(fù)責(zé)
inthechargeof由…看護(hù),由…負(fù)責(zé)
insecret秘密地(作狀語(yǔ))
inthesecret知道內(nèi)情(作表語(yǔ))
incourseof在…過程中(作表語(yǔ)VS置定語(yǔ))
inthecourseof在…期間(作狀語(yǔ))
inred穿著紅衣服
inthered負(fù)債,赤字
ofage成年
ofanage(歲數(shù))同年
onfire著火
onthefire在考慮中
onoccasion不時(shí)地;必要時(shí)
ontheoccasion在那時(shí)
outofquestion毫無(wú)疑問
outofthequestion不可能
todeath十分
tothedeath到最后
fiveofus我們中的五人(部分)
thefiveofus我們五個(gè)人(全部)
ayellowandwhitecat一只黃白相間的貓
ayellowandawhitecat一只黃貓和一只白貓
inafamilyway象一家人一樣
inthefamilyway懷孕
dieofcold凍死
dieofacold感冒而死
havewordswith與…爭(zhēng)吵
haveawordwith與…略談
keephouse管理家務(wù)
keepthehouse守在家里
takerest就寢
takearest休息一下
takeplace發(fā)生
taketheplaceof代替
【語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)精析之與“y副詞同義的介詞短語(yǔ)】
inangry=angrily
indespair=despairingly
inadmiration=admiringly
incommon=commonly
infact=actually
infear=fearfully
infairness=fairly
infun=funnily
ingrief=grievously
injoke=jokingly
inline=lineally
inmercy=mercifully
inpublic=publicly
insilence=silently
inspite=spitefully
insorrow=sorrily/sorrowfuIly
insurprise=surprisedly
withasmile=smilingly
withsatisfaction=satisfactorily
withattention=attentively
withcare=carefully
withcourage=courageously
withdifficult=difficultly
withemphasis=emphatically
withfascination=fascinatingly
withgrace=gracefully
withjoy=joyfully
withpride=proudly
withpleasure=pleasantly
withwarmth=warmly
outofbreath=breathlessly
(i)will,willingness,suggestion,conclusion,decision,permission,agreement,
refusal,determination,proposal,resolution等,一般用不定式作后置定語(yǔ).
如:
Maryhasthewilltowinthefirstprize.(不用ofwinning)
瑪麗有獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的決心.
Hehasdrawnaconclusiontogoabroadwithhisfamily.(不用ofwinning)
他已作出了攜家去國(guó)外的決定.
⑵hope,risk,possibility,impossibility,probability,intention,prospect,
responsibility,aim等,一般只能用ofdoing作后置定語(yǔ).
如:
Infact,thereisnohopeoftheirwinningthegame.
事實(shí)上,他們沒有希望贏得這場(chǎng)比賽.(不能說(shuō)forthemtowin)
Hewillruntheriskoflosinghislifetosavethechild.
他將冒生命危險(xiǎn)去救那個(gè)孩子.
(3)way,chance,need,necessity,right,freedom,power,opportunity,ability等,
既可用不定式短語(yǔ),又可用ofdoing短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ).
如:
Theirchancetogo(ofgoing)abroadwaslost.
他們失去了出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì).
Hehastherighttodo(ofdoing)that.
他有權(quán)那樣做.
【語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)精析之用todo還是ofdoing作后置定語(yǔ)】
不同的名詞,對(duì)這兩種后置定語(yǔ)的選擇是有區(qū)別的,有的只能用tod。,有的只可用ofdoing,
有的兩種都可以.現(xiàn)分述如下:
(i)will,willingness,suggestion,conclusion,decision,permission,agreement,
refusal,determination,proposal,resolution等,一般用不定式作后置定語(yǔ).
如:
Maryhasthewilltowinthefirstprize.(不用ofwinning)
瑪麗有獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的決心.
Hehasdrawnaconclusiontogoabroadwithhisfamily.(不用ofwinning)
他已作出了攜家去國(guó)外的決定.
(2)hope,risk,possibility,impossibility,probability,intention,prospect,
responsibility,aim等,一般只能用ofdoing作后置定語(yǔ).
如:
Infact,thereisnohopeoftheirwinningthegame.
事實(shí)上,他們沒有希望贏得這場(chǎng)比賽.(不能說(shuō)forthemtowin)
Hewillruntheriskoflosinghislifetosavethechild.
他將冒生命危險(xiǎn)去救那個(gè)孩子.
(3)way,chance,need,necessity,right,freedom,power,opportunity,ability等,
既可用不定式短語(yǔ),又可用ofdoing短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ).
如:
Theirchancetogo(ofgoing)abroadwaslost.
他們失去了出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì).
Hehastherighttodo(ofdoing)that.
他有權(quán)那樣做.
強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
16.JeanWagner'smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-American
poetryishis
insistencethatitinareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.
A.istobeanalyzedB.hasbeenanalyzed
C.beanalyzedD.shouldhavebeenanalyzed
17.1wouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,but
I______
fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was
18.1apologizeifIyou,butIassureyouitwasunintentional.
A.offendB.hadoffendedC.shouldhaveoffendedD.mighthaveoffended
19.Ifyouhadnrttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we'dtherebynow.
A.beB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling
20.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun
roundtheearth.
A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling
21.1wishthatIwithyoulastnight.
A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone
22.1wishIwithher.
A.wouldbeB.amC.wasD.were
23.1wishthatItheconcertlastnight.
A.couldB.haveattendedC.couldhaveattendedD.attended
24.Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishItoit.
A.hadnotgoneB.havenotgoneC.didnotgoD.cannothavegone
25.“Iwishyoumetoputthesethingsaway,“hesaid.
A.willhelpB.helpC.arehelpingD.wouldhelp
26.IftheWatergateIncidentNixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthe
presidency.
A.didnotoccurB.hadnotoccurredC.wasnotoccurringD.becircling
27.1hadn*texpectedJamestoapologizebutIhadhoped.
A.himcallingmeB.thathewouldcallmeC.himtocallmeD.thathecallme
28.Georgewouldcertainlyhaveattendedtheproceedings.
A.ifhedidn'tgetaflattireB.iftheflattirehadn7thappened
C.hadhenothadaflattireD.hadthetirenotflatteneditself
29.TheteachersuggestedthatherstudentsexperienceswithESR
A.writeacompositionontheirB.towritecompositionaboutthe
C.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorherD.hadwrittenanycompositionsfor
his
30.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifheaChinese.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen
31.Asusual,heputonashowasthoughhistripagreatsuccess.
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wereD.was
32.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages.
A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen
33.Johnissostronglybuiltthathelooksasifheaselephant.
A.liftsB.isliftingC.liftedD.couldlift
34.Hedescribedthetownasifheithimself.
A.hadseenB.hasseenC.sawD.sees
35.Atthatthoughtheshookhimselfasthoughhefromanevildream.
A.wokeB.wakesC.wouldwakeD.hadwoke
36.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryouanythingaboutcollectingclaims
until
theyinvestigatethesituation.
A.doB.don'tC.didn'tD.didn,tdo
37.Althoughmostadoptedpersonswanttherighttoknowwhotheirnatural
parentsare,somewhohavefoundthemwishthattheytheexperienceof
meeting.
A.hadnrtB.didn'thavehadC.hadn"thadD.hadn'thave
38.ItisimportantthattheTOEFLofficeyourregistration.
A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm
39.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday'sadvancedtechnology.
A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachieved
C.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved
40.Hetoldhertoreturnthebookintimesothatothersachancetoreadit.
A.mayhaveB.willhaveC.wouldhaveD.mighthave
41.Itistimethatthegovernmentmeasurestoprotecttherarebirdsand
animals.
A.takesB.tookC.hastakenD.taking
42.Somepeoplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthatevery
applicantalldiplomasfromelementaryschooltouniversity.
A.hasB.willhaveC.shouldhaveD.musthave
43.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehetothemeeting.
A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome
44.1mustsayhereadsverywellfandIshouldn*tbesurprisedifheactingfora
livingoneday.
A.hadtakenupB.takesupC.havetakenupD.wouldhavetakenup
45.IfIhadseenthemovie,Iyouallaboutitnow.
A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold
46.1hadnrtexpectedHenrytoapologizebutIhadhoped.
A.himtcallmeupB.himcallingmeup
C.thathewouldcallmeupD.thathewillcallme
47.IhadhopedthatJohnayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyfor
threemonths.
A.spendsB.spentC.wouldspendD.willspend
48.1hadhopedthatJenniferadoctor,butshewasnrtgoodenoughatscience.
A.willbecomeB.becameC.wouldbecomeD.becomes
49.Tdratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.
A.doB.didn'tdoC.don'tD.didn*t
50.Tdjustassoonrudelytoher.
A.thatyouwon'tspeakB.younotspeaking
C.younotspeakD.youdidn'tspeak
51.Ifshightimetheythisroad.
A.mendB.mendedC.musthavemendedD.willmend
52.It*sabouttimepeoplenoticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.
A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake
53.Everybodyhasarrived.Itstimewetheclass.
A.shallstartB.wouldstartC.hadstartedD.start
54.theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.
A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor
55.Marymyletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.
A.hasreceivedB.oughttohavereceived
C.couldn'thavereceivedD.shouldn'thavereceived
56.Johndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwisehetoseehisclassmates
off.
A.cameB.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldbecoming
57.He'sworkinghardforfearthathe.
A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallbehind
58.Withoutthedreamsoftheyouth,thisinventionmightforacentury.
A.havebeenpostponedB.hasbeenpostponed
C.postponeD.bepostponed
59.Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesinthehome.
A.workedB.wouldworkC.workD.wereworking
60.Forachildtogiveuphislessmatureideaforamorematureone,itrequires
thatthechild
psychologicallyreadyforthenewidea.
A.isB.wereC.beD.wouldbe
61.Tom,sfather,aswellashismother,inNewYorkforafewdaysmore.
A.askhimtostayB.askhetostayC.askshestaysD.askshestay
62.Youradvicethattillnextweekisreasonable.
A.shewaitsB.shewaitC.waitsheD.shewaited
63.Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefilesrightaway.
A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprinted
C.mustbeprintedD.shouldbeprinted
64.Itwasessentialthatweleasebeforetheendofthemonth.
A.singB.singedC.hadsignedD.weresigning
65.Itisappropriatethatsometimethoroughstudyoftheresultsofthe
Apollomission.
A.devotestoB.devotedtoC.isdevotedtoD.bedevotedto
答案與詳解
l.A.條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬。
2.B.條件句表示與過去事實(shí)的虛擬。
3.A.條件句表示與未來(lái)事實(shí)的虛擬。
4.B.條件句表示與未來(lái)事實(shí)的相反。
5.C.條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬.
6.D.條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。
7.B.這個(gè)句子中含有一個(gè)省略if,把肋動(dòng)詞提前到主語(yǔ)they之前的虛擬條件句,該條件
句表示對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè),而主句中bythetimetheywerefinished表明主句也應(yīng)該
是對(duì)過去發(fā)生的情況的假設(shè),因而應(yīng)該選(B)wouldhavelost為正確答案。
8.(D)這道題目是一個(gè)混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。條件句省略了if,把助詞had提前到主語(yǔ)
前面,表示對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè),而主句中now表明了對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè),所以應(yīng)選
would(should,could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形這種表達(dá)形式。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有(D)是正確表
達(dá)形式,故為正確答案。
9.(D)untilrecently,因此(D)是正確答案,而主句是隱含的對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè),該
句是一個(gè)混合虛擬條件句。
10.(B)假設(shè)的情況有時(shí)不是用一個(gè)條件句表示,而是隱含在一個(gè)由介詞如butfor.的
butthat、的without,由連詞but、的副詞otherwise、的比較級(jí)、的形容詞、的獨(dú)立
主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè),但事實(shí)上由于英語(yǔ)考試而沒有去
成,即若不是因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)考試,我本可以去聽音樂會(huì),所以應(yīng)選Butfor為正確答案。
11.(C)題目中
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 2024年電磁功能材料精密加工輔助材料項(xiàng)目資金申請(qǐng)報(bào)告代可行性研究報(bào)告
- 2025年廣東省潮州市單招職業(yè)傾向性測(cè)試題庫(kù)及參考答案
- 地理-云南省師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2025屆高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)考試試題和答案
- 2025年河南省焦作市單招職業(yè)傾向性測(cè)試題庫(kù)附答案
- 2025年度司機(jī)職業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃與薪酬激勵(lì)合同
- 2025年度農(nóng)村魚塘租賃與生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖項(xiàng)目合作合同
- 2025年度建筑工地食堂食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估協(xié)議
- 2025年度合伙人分伙協(xié)議書:清潔能源項(xiàng)目投資合作分?jǐn)偧巴顺鰠f(xié)議
- 2025年甘肅省蘭州市單招職業(yè)傾向性測(cè)試題庫(kù)必考題
- 2025年度體育賽事組織管理委托書合同范文
- 工程公司“十四五”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃(專業(yè)完整模板)
- 美育(高中職通用)PPT全套完整教學(xué)課件
- 部編版三年級(jí)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)文全冊(cè)教案表格版
- 2017版銀皮書(中英文完整版)FIDIC設(shè)計(jì)采購(gòu)施工交鑰匙項(xiàng)目合同條件
- 部編版五年級(jí)下冊(cè)第四單元9 古詩(shī)三首《秋夜將曉出籬門迎涼有感》一等獎(jiǎng)創(chuàng)新教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
- 人教版二年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)啟迪全優(yōu)卷第八、九單元測(cè)試卷(有答案)
- 地下車位租售方案實(shí)施辦法
- 11ZJ401樓梯欄桿安裝圖集
- 天然藥物化學(xué)第一章總論
- 廣東縣級(jí)農(nóng)商銀行聯(lián)社高管候選人公開競(jìng)聘筆試有關(guān)事項(xiàng)上岸提分題庫(kù)3套【500題帶答案含詳解】
- 2023年版《電力安全工作規(guī)程》(線路部分)
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論