微生物案例單選附有答案

微生物案例單選1-30[復(fù)制]Patient,female,45yearsold,experienceddiarrheaduetoingestionofriverfishandwenttothehospitalfortreatment.Thecourseofthediseasebeginswithacutediarrheaandvomiting,whichispainlessandaccompaniedbyabdominalpaincausedbyspasmoftherectusabdominismuscle;Thestoolstartsasamudlikesubstanceandquicklybecomesa"riceswill"likesubstance,containingalargeamountofsheet-likemucus;Largebowelmovements,exceeding1000mleachtime,morethan10timesaday;Vomitingisoftenjetandcontinuous,withthevomitinitiallyconsistingofgastriccontentsandthenresemblingwater.SmearstainingwasperformedonfecesandvomitforGramstainingmicroscopy,revealingGramnegativeVibriobacteria.Suspectwhatdiseasethepatientissufferingfrom（）.[單選題]*A.GastroenteritisB.Cholera(正確答案)C.TyphoidfeverD.BacterialdysenteryE.EscherichiacoliinfectionThepatienthadacontinuousfeverfor12daysandwenttothehospitalfortreatment.Hewasmentallylethargic,hadaindifferentreaction,andhadapersistenthighfever.Bodytemperature39.5℃,heartrate80beatsperminute,1.5cmbelowtheliverrib,and2cmbelowthespleenrib.Whitebloodcells3.4×109/L,theresultsoftheFeidareactionshowedO1:80andH1:160,andHBsAgwasnegative.Todeterminethediagnosis,theitemsthatshouldbecheckedare（）.[單選題]*A.HepatitisBvirusantibodyB.HepatitisAvirusantibodyC.TakeperipheralbloodforisolationandcultureD.HepatitisCvirusantibodyE.Takebonemarrowfluidfromthespecimen,isolateandcultureit(正確答案)Patient,male,24yearsold,withahistoryofuncleansexualcontact,cametothehospitalfortreatmentduetourgency,frequency,andpainfulurinationinthepast2days.Physicalexaminationrevealedwhitepurulentdischargefromtheurethralopening.SecretionsmearstainingrevealsG-pairedcocciunderthemicroscope.Whatkindofbacteriamaybecausingtheinfection（）.[單選題]*A.StreptococcuspneumoniaeB.Neisseriagonorrhoeae(正確答案)C.StaphylococcusaureusD.StreptococcusE.NeisseriameningitidisPatient,male,3yearsold.Feverandshock.Headachestarted3daysagoandwasadmittedtothehospital.Onthatday,thepatientwasunconscious,hadabodytemperatureof41℃,bloodpressureof70/30mmHg,andredspotsappearedontheskinofthetrunk.Aftermedication,bloodpressurecontinuedtodecreaseanddiedonthethirdday.BloodculturerevealedthegrowthofGNephrococci.MayIaskwhichpathogenitisinfectedwith（）.[單選題]*A.HemolyticStreptococcusB.Neisseriameningitidis(正確答案)C.IntestinalinvasiveEscherichiacoliD.StreptococcuspneumoniaeE.StaphylococcusaureusPatient,male,40yearsold,developedhighfeveraweekago,maintainedat39.5-40℃,withoverallfatigueandincreasedfrequencyofbowelmovements,5-6timesaday.Feidareaction:TO1:160,TH1:320,PA1:40,PB1:40.Thepathogenthatcausesthisdiseasemaybe（）.[單選題]*A.VibriocholeraeB.Salmonellatyphi(正確答案)C.KlebsiellapneumoniaeD.ShigellaflexneriE.ProteusIntheautumnofacertainyear,therewasanoutbreakofrotavirusdiarrheainakindergarten,andthepreventionandcontrolmeasuresforthisvirusinfectiondonotinclude（）.[單選題]*A.AvoiddrinkingunboiledwaterB.StrengthenhandwashingC.PollutantdisinfectionD.Injectingimmunoglobulin(正確答案)E.OralattenuatedlivevaccinePatient,male,21yearsold.Fearofcold,highfever,coughaccompaniedbyleftchestpainfor5days.Physicalexamination:BP80/50mmHg,heartrate120beatsperminute.ChestX-rayshowsalargedenseshadowinthelowerlobeoftheleftlung.Laboratoryexamination:BloodWBC12.2×109/L.Themostlikelypathogenthatthepatientisinfectedwithis（）.[單選題]*A.MycoplasmapneumoniaeB.Streptococcuspneumoniae(正確答案)C.LegionellaD.StaphylococcusaureusE.MycobacteriumtuberculosisLi,male,60yearsold.Iwenttothehospitalfortreatmentat6amandcomplainedofeatinglambhotpotaround18pmthepreviousday.After4hours,Idevelopedabdominalpainanddiarrheasymptoms.Atthetimeoftreatment,therewere4-5episodesofdiarrhea,darkredurine,renalpercussionpain,andabodytemperatureof38℃;Providefluidreplacementandantibiotictreatment.Ataround8o'clock,thepatient'sabdominalpainworsened,theirhandsandfeetbecamenumb,andtheirneckbecamestiff;At9:30,rescueeffortswereunsuccessfulandthepatientdied.Intheafternoonofthatday,thebodyrapidlyswelledandthefaceturnedpurplebrown.At5pm,thedissectionpresentedagiantview.Whatkindofdiseasemayhavecausedthepatient'sdeath（）.[單選題]*A.StaphylococcusaureusinfectionB.TypeAhemolyticstreptococcalinfectionC.MycobacteriumtuberculosisinfectionD.ClostridiumbotulinuminfectionE.InfectionofClostridiumperfringens(正確答案)Patient,female,55yearsold.Fatigue,lossofappetiteforhalfamonth,fever,cough,andbloodinsputumfor6days.Thepatientwasadmittedtothehospitalfortreatmentwithsecondarypulmonarytuberculosisintheupperrightlungandsputumtuberculosissmeartest(+).Thebiologicalcharacteristicsofpathogenicbacteriaare（）.[單選題]*A.SpecializedanaerobicbacteriaB.Slowreproductionspeed(正確答案)C.GramstainingpositiveD.SynthesizealargeamountofureaseE.Canproducehydrogensulfide.Patient,male,23yearsold.Fatigue,lackofappetite,andyellowurinefor4days.Bilateralcervicallymphnodeenlargement,slightlyenlargedliver,6cmbelowthesplenicrib.Bonemarrowpunctureindicatesatypicallymphocytes>50%,VCAIgG(+).Themostlikelydiagnosisis（）.[單選題]*A.LymphatictissueproliferativediseaseB.AcuteinfectiouslymphocytosisC.AcutelymphocyticleukemiaD.ViralhepatitisE.Infectiousmononucleosis(正確答案)Patient,male,5yearsold,coughingforover3months.Atfirst,therearesymptomssuchasfever,sneezing,andmildcough.Thefeverhasnowsubsided,butthecoughisgraduallyworsening,especiallyatnight,withparoxysmalspasmodiccoughaccompaniedbyaroosterlikeroar.Physicalexamination:Thepatientismentallylethargic,withfacialedema,conjunctivalbleeding,tonguefrenulumulcer,andnoralesinthelungs.Laboratoryexamination:Thetotalnumberofwhitebloodcellsreachesupto30×109/L.After3daysoftreatmentwitherythromycin,thesymptomsimproved.Themostlikelypathogentobeinfectedis（）.[單選題]*A.RickettsiaB.SpirocheteC.FungiD.VirusesE.Bacteria(正確答案)Patient,female,6yearsold.Protrudinghighfever,headache,vomitingaccompaniedbyconsciousnessdisorders,diagnosedas"Japaneseencephalitis"throughserologicalexaminationandcerebrospinalfluidRT-PCRexamination.Themaintransmissionrouteofthepathogenthatcausesthisdiseaseis（）.[單選題]*A.DigestivetracttransmissionB.TransfusiontransmissionC.Insectbornetransmission(正確答案)D.RespiratorytransmissionE.Directcontacttransmission.AAIDSpatienthasrecentlydevelopedsymptomsoflunginfectionsuchasfever,coughandchesttightness.Themostcommonpathogensthatshouldbeprioritizedforsecondaryinfectionsare（）.[單選題]*A.ListeriamonocytogenesB.CytomegalovirusC.Pneumocystis(正確答案)D.CandidaalbicansE.MycobacteriumtuberculosisSomechildrenwereadmittedwith"bloodystoolsandthrombocytopenia",andone4-year-oldgirldiedofkidneyfailure.Epidemiologicalinvestigationsshowthatallpatientshaveeatenbeefburgersatthesamefastfoodrestaurant.Thepathogenthatmayhavecausedthisoutbreakofthediseaseis（）.[單選題]*A.CampylobacterjejuniB.NonO1serumgroupVibriocholeraeC.EscherichiacoliO157:H7(正確答案)D.ShigelladysenteryE.SalmonellatyphiPatient,male,withfeverandshock.Headachestarted3daysagoandwasadmittedtothehospital.Onthatday,thepatientwasunconscious,hadabodytemperatureof41℃,bloodpressureof70/30mmHg,andredspotsappearedontheskinofthetrunk.Aftermedication,bloodpressurecontinuedtodecreaseanddiedonthethirdday.BloodculturerevealedthegrowthofGNephrococci.MayIaskwhichpathogenitisinfectedwith（）.[單選題]*A.HemolyticStreptococcusB.Neisseriameningitidis(正確答案)C.IntestinalinvasiveEscherichiacoliD.StreptococcuspneumoniaeE.StaphylococcusaureusPatient,male,27yearsold,teacher.Threeyearsago,Iquitdrugabuse.Inthepastyear,mylowerlimbshavebecomenumbandweak,andIhavegraduallyworsened.Ihavebeenunabletowalk,constipated,andhavedifficultyurinatingforthepastmonth.LocalcranialandthoracolumbarCT(-).Examination:Musclestrengthofbothlowerlimbsis4°,painsensationisreducedbelowchest10,jointpositionandtuningforksensationarenormal,lowerlimbtendonreflexishyperactive,Babinski(+).CSFpressureatwaistpuncture160mmH2O,cells35×106/L,protein1275mg/L,ineffectivetreatmentformyelitis.BloodtestRPR1:32,TPHA1:2560;LumbarpunctureCSFcell25×106/L,protein1344mg/L,RPR1:2,TPHA1:1280.Whatisthemostlikelydiseaseforthispatient（）.[單選題]*A.PurulentmyelitisB.SpinalcordleptospirosisC.Spinalvascularsyphilis(正確答案)D.ViralmyelitisE.TuberculousmyelitisAnadultmale,25yearsold,unmarried,testedpositiveforHIVantibodiesduringaphysicalexaminationabroad.Afterinquiry,IbelievethatIhavenophysicalabnormalitiesanddenyanyhistoryofdruguseorhomosexuality.However,Ihadseveralunprotectedsexualactivitieswithseveralfemalenetizenstwoyearsago.Whatistheincorrectstatementaboutthiscase（）.[單選題]*A.ThepatientmaybeinanasymptomaticincubationperiodB.Ifleftuntreated,itmaydevelopintotheAIDSphaseC.Theviruslevelinthepatient'sbloodmaynotbehighD.ThepatientiscurrentlydifficulttodetectHIVp24antigenpositivityE.ThepatientmayhavebeeninfectedwithHIV,buthasnowrecovered(正確答案).Patient,male,10yearsold.Therightfootwasstabbedbyarustnailfor10days.Suddendifficultyinopeningthemouth,followedbyabittersmileontheface,turningbackandforth,andthesoundandtouchofthechildcantriggertheabovesymptoms.Thechildhasclearconsciousnessanddoesnothaveafever.Thepatient'sillnessis（）.[單選題]*A.Toxemia(正確答案)B.SepticemiaC.BacteremiaD.PyohemosisE.SepsisAyoungwomanhasexperienceddifficultyurinatingandincreasedfrequencyofurinationinthepastthreedays.Nofeverorrash.Urinarytestsrevealed10-15whitebloodcellsandalargenumberofbacteriaunderhighmagnification,whichwerestainedasGramnegativebacteria.Possiblebacterialinfection（）.[單選題]*A.Escherichiacoli(正確答案)B.ShigellaC.SalmonellatyphiD.UreaplasmaurealyticumE.NeisseriagonorrhoeaePatient,male,35yearsold,infectedwithHBVduetobloodtransfusion.Thecomponentsthatareusuallyundetectableduringserologicaltestingare（）.[單選題]*A.HBsAgB.AntiHBsC.HBeAgD.AntiHBeE.HBcAg(正確答案)Patient,male,28yearsold.Sixdaysafterdebridementandsuturingoftherightthigh,therewasafever,localwoundrednessandswelling,withalargeareaandsignificantpain.Thinpuscanbeseeninthelocalareaofthewound,withalightredcolor,alargeamount,andnoodor.Themostlikelypathogenicbacteriatobeinfectedare（）.[單選題]*A.EscherichiacoliB.PseudomonasaeruginosaC.HemolyticStreptococcus(正確答案)D.StaphylococcusaureusE.AnaerobicbacteriawithoutsporesPatient,male,38yearsold,presentedwithintermittentcoughandasthmafor2months,whichworsenedfor1week.Afterexamination,thepreliminarydiagnosiswasMycoplasmapneumonia.Whichofthefollowingdrugscannotbeusedforthetreatmentofthispatient（）.[單選題]*A.Penicillin(正確答案)B.ErythromycinC.ClarithromycinD.AzithromycinE.NorfloxacinPatient,female,20yearsold,self-employed.Recurrentheadacheshavebeenpresentforsixmonths,withmultipletreatments.Takingmedicationfor5-10dayscanalleviatethesymptoms.Inthepastmonth,theheadachehasworsened,withseverepainaccompaniedbynauseaandvomiting.ExceptforslightresistanceintheneckandKernig(+),therewerenopositivesignsintheexamination.CSFpressureatwaistpuncture250mmH2O,cell50×106/L,protein0.86g/L,ineffectiveafter2weeksoftreatmentforviralmeningitis.BloodtestRPR1:32,TPHA1:2560.CSF230mmH2Owaistpiercing,70cells×106/L,protein1.02g/L,RPR1:2,TPHA1:1280.Afteronecourseoftreatmentwithpenicillin,theheadachegraduallysubsidedandeventuallydisappearedbeforebeingdischargedfromthehospital.Thediseasethatthispatientismostlikelytosufferfromis（）.[單選題]*A.Syphiliticmeningitis(正確答案)B.PurulentmeningitisC.TuberculousmeningitisD.CryptococcalmeningitisE.EncephalitisThepatientexperiencedfatigue,decreasedappetite,weightloss,fever,cough,andbloodysputumamonthago.Thepreferredstainingmethodforsputumspecimensmearstainingandmicroscopicexaminationshouldbethestainingmethodusedforthisbacterium（）.[單選題]*A.GramstainingB.Acidfaststaining(正確答案)C.CottonbluedyeingD.FuchsinstainingE.InkstainingThepatientis5yearsoldandhasrecentlyexperiencedreducedactivity,fatigue,decreasedappetite,and