2023年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷英語(yǔ)真題（試卷）（附答案解析）

2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科本試卷共12頁(yè)?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚,將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫,字體工整、筆跡清楚。3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5.保持卡面清潔,不要折疊,不要弄破、弄皺,不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力（1-20小題）在筆試結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。第二部分閱讀共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ARental&GuidedAmsterdam,welcomeMacBike.seemuchfromtheseatofabike!Cyclingthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwayexplorethebeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.canalsoalonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyAmsterdam.over2,500bikesstoredourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wesuretherealwaysaavailableforyou.thenewestbicyclesawideincludingbasicbikesfootbrake(剎車),bikeshandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeschildseats,andbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.00€7.503hours第1共頁(yè)1day(24hours)€14.75€8.00€9.75€6.00EachadditionaldayGuidedThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyertheSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthestartingat1:00pmeverycanbuyyourticketaMacBikeshoporbookonline.1.WhatanadvantageofMacBike?A.giveschildrenadiscount.Itfreecycletours.Itofofferstypesofbikes.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.2.Howmuchdopayforrentingahandbrakeandthreegearsfordays?A.€15.75.€19.50.€22.75.D.€29.50.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheTheSkinnyBridge.D.DamSquare.HeinekenBWhenJohnwasachild,helovedexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.WhenheJohnstartedwonderthisprocesscouldbeusedcleanupthemessespeoplewereAfterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriescollege,Johnwentbackobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?thecombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedbuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwasremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofcleartanksconnectedeachThenhewentaroundlocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbackplantsandanimals.Heplacedthemthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsofusedoneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalstheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbeganeatweeks,hadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspure第2共頁(yè)theyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinecleancanalwaterFuzhou,acitysoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”theJohngiveswhathedoes.“LifeonEarthofaboxofsparepartsforthehesays.putnewrelationshipsandobservehappening.Thenletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirown4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirstparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling.Heenjoyedbeingalone.D.HelongedbeaHehadaninquiringmind.5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.feedtheanimals.buildanecosystem.D.testtheeco-machine.protecttheplants.6.WhatthepurposementioningFuzhou?A.reviewresearchplans.comparedifferentjobs.7.WhatthebasisforA.Naturecanrepairitself.showanapplicationofidea.D.erasedoubtsaboutinvention.needwatersurvive.D.Mosttinycreaturesgroups.onEarthdiverse.CThegoalofthisbookthecasefordigitalminimalismincludingadetailedexplorationofwhatandwhyworks,andthenteachhowadoptthisphilosophydecideforyou.doso,Idividedthebookintoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startinganexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsodigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingonadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutteThisprocessrequiresstepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtyAttheendofthethirtydays,thenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatbelieveprovidemassivebenefitsthethingsvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguidethroughcarryingoutyourowndigitalIndoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIran2018whichover1,600peopleagreedperformadigitalhear第3共頁(yè)theseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforandwhattrapstheyencounteredthatshouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatideasthathelpcultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.thesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨(dú)處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisurereplacethemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludesacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedhelpactonthebigideasofthecanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeantaidyourbuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.8.Whatthebookaimedat?A.criticalthinkingskills.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”paragraph3mean?A.Add-on.Check-in.D.10.Whatpresentedthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels.Statisticalmethods.D.Historicalanalyses.Practicalexamples.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdothepracticesofferedparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded.Evaluatetheireffects.Recommendthemfriends.D.IdentifytheideasbehindDOnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathasbeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatcases,theaverageofanumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeopleerrors,thoseerrorsalwaysthesame.Somepeopletendoverestimate,andunderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtheycanceleachotherout,resultingaaccurateestimate.peoplearesimilarandtendtheerrors,thentheirerrorscanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,errorscorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatedown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninteresting(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thefindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedhavea第4共頁(yè)discussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.instance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudy100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidtheirdiscussion.theytendthosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?theyfollowthoseleastwillingchangetheirminds?Thishappenedofthetime,butwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostthegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedandreasonedtheseandreasoningresultedaglobalreductionAlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.12.Whatparagraph2ofthemainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.Thecausesoferrors.Theunderlyingoftheeffect.D.Thedesignofexperiment.13.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseeven________.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallindividualsdidnotcommunicate14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesD.estimateswerenotfullyindependentThedominantmembers.D.Theindividualestimates.CThediscussionprocess.15.WhattheattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Dismissive.Doubtful.D.Approving.第二節(jié)共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。PersonalForgivenessresponsibilityformistakesapositivestep,butbeatyourselfupabouterr(犯錯(cuò))human.____16____canusethefollowingwritingexercisehelpdothis.Inajournaloronapieceofputtheheading“Personalstrengths.”____17____Arecaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?bearound?Theyhavebeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondputtheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,allthepositivethingsyou’ve第5共頁(yè)doneforothers.Itbethewhenhelpedafriendtheirhomework,whendidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenbakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiring____18____couldaskafriendorfamilymemberhelpaddyour____19____Thatcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,waituntilaagreatwayboostself-confidenceatanytime.somethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,true.____20____reallchangingandlearningalltheandmistakesareapositivewaydevelopandA.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongNowallthecharacteristicslikeaboutyourself.CTheyevenlikehaveaatdoingtheexercise.D.justasimportantshowyourselfforgiveness.ItmeanhaveignorehappenedorWhateveris,nomatterhowsmallseem,down.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberafixedaspectofyour第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)ABD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OnOct.hundredsofrunnerscompetedacross-countryraceMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave____21____thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her____22____becauseshewascarryinga____23____acrossthefinishline.AsreportedbyalocalBaileywasthantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher____24____whenarunnerfrontofherbegancryingpain.____25____helpherfellowDanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmseeshecouldwalkforward____26____.couldn’t.Baileythen____27____letLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaythefinishline,thenanother300feetwhereLenouecould____28____attention.Oncethere,Lenouewas____29____andlatertakenahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesoneofherknees.wouldhavestruggledextreme____30____thataidcheckpointwithouthelp.Asforshemore____31____aboutwhyheractconsideredabig____32____.“Shewasjust第6共頁(yè)crying.Icouldn’t____33____Baileytoldthe“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingthething.”Althoughtheyoungwerestrangersbeforethe____34____,sincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe____35____ofhumankindnesswonthe21.A.designed22.A.delay23.A.judge24A.racefollowedchancechangedtroubleclassmatetownD.finishedD.excusevolunteerschoolD.competitorD.training25.A.agreed26.A.courage27.A.wentaway28.A.medical29.A.interrupted30.A.hunger31.A.worried32.A.returnedaidstoppedpatiencesteppedasideconstantidentifiedcoldD.promisedD.advicestooduppublicassessedpainD.bentdownD.equalD.appreciatedD.tirednessD.discouragedD.dealashamedproblemcureconfusedlesson33.A.leavebotherD.understandD.show34.A.ridetestmeet35.A.secretdisplaybenefitD.exchange第二節(jié)共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,____36____(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawayfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.eatone,havedecidewhether____37____(bite)asmallholefirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),____38____putthewholedumplingyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaibethe____39____(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistoriansactuallypointtheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolongbirthplace.Therefindthemprepareddumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed____40____handratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem____41____outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof____42____(they)contents.Theshouldbefresh____43____touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.第7共頁(yè)NomatterwhereIbuyonesteamer____44____(rare)enough,seemssoIamalwaysleft_____45_____(want)morenexttime.第三部分寫作共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)滿分15分)46.假定你是李華，外教準(zhǔn)備將學(xué)生隨機(jī)分為兩人一組，讓大家課后練習(xí)口語(yǔ)，你認(rèn)為這樣分組存在問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)你給外教寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括；1.說(shuō)明問(wèn)題；2.提出建議。注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右：2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearI’mHuafromClass3.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________sincerelyHua第二節(jié)滿分25分)47.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwasschool,socialstudiesteacheraskedenterawritingcontest.Isaidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotwriting.familyfromBrazil,soEnglishwasonlysecondlanguage.wassodifficultandpainfulformethatmyteacherhadallowedmepresentpaperonthesinkingofthebyactingoutawhereIplayedalltheparts.Noonelaughedharderthanhedid.whydidhesuddenlyforcemedosomethingatwhichIwassurefail?reply:“BecauseIyourstories.Ifyou’rewillingapplyyourself,Ithinkhaveagoodshotatthis.”Encouragedbyhiswords,IagreedaIchosePaulhorseasmysubject.PaulReverewasasilversmith(銀匠)Bostonwhorodeahorseat第8共頁(yè)nightonApril18,1775LexingtonwarnpeoplethatBritishsoldierswerestorywouldstraightfromthemouth.Notabrilliantidea,butfunny;andunlikelybeanyonechoice.Whatdidthehorsethink,ashespedthroughthenight?hetired?doubts?hewantquit?IsympathizedItired.Ihaddoubts.Iwantedquit.But,likehorse,IkeptIworkedhard.Icheckedspelling.IaskedoldersistercorrectIcheckedoutahalfdozenbooksonPaulReverefromtheIevenreadafewofWhenIhandedtheessaymyhereadlaughedoutloud,andsaid,“Great.again.”Iwroteagain,andagainandagain.WhenIfinallyfinishedthethoughtofwinninghadgivenwaytheenjoymentofwriting.IfIdidn’twin,Icare.注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。AfewweekswhenIalmostthecontest,therethenews.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Iwentmyteacher’saftertheawardpresentation.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第9共頁(yè)第頁(yè)共頁(yè)2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科（答案）本試卷共12頁(yè)?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚,將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫,字體工整、筆跡清楚。3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5.保持卡面清潔,不要折疊,不要弄破、弄皺,不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力（1-20小題）在筆試結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。第二部分閱讀共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ARental&GuidedAmsterdam,welcomeMacBike.seemuchfromtheseatofabike!Cyclingthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwayexplorethebeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.canalsoalonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyAmsterdam.over2,500bikesstoredourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wesuretherealwaysaavailableforyou.thenewestbicyclesawideincludingbasicbikesfootbrake(剎車),bikeshandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeschildseats,andbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.00€7.503hours第1共頁(yè)1day(24hours)€14.75€8.00€9.75€6.00EachadditionaldayGuidedThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyertheSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthestartingat1:00pmeverycanbuyyourticketaMacBikeshoporbookonline.1.WhatanadvantageofMacBike?A.giveschildrenadiscount.Itfreecycletours.Itofofferstypesofbikes.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.2.Howmuchdopayforrentingahandbrakeandthreegearsfordays?A.€15.75.€19.50.€22.75.D.€29.50.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheTheSkinnyBridge.D.DamSquare.Heineken【答案】1B2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在阿姆斯特丹進(jìn)行自行車租賃和雇傭?qū)в蔚牟僮鞣绞?，價(jià)格等細(xì)節(jié)。1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“thenewestbicyclesawideincludingbasicbikesfootbrake(剎車),bikeshandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeschildseats,andbikes.(我們提供種類繁多的最新自行車，包括有腳剎的基本自行車、有手剎和帶排擋的自行車、帶兒童座椅的自行車和兒童自行車)”可推知，MacBike的優(yōu)勢(shì)是它提供許多類型的自行車。故選。2題詳解】14.758歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選。3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthestartingat1:00pmevery(旅游團(tuán)每小時(shí)從大壩廣場(chǎng)出發(fā)，每天下午1點(diǎn)開始)”可知，導(dǎo)游城市之旅從大壩廣場(chǎng)開始。故選D。第2共頁(yè)BWhenJohnwasachild,helovedexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.WhenheJohnstartedwonderthisprocesscouldbeusedcleanupthemessespeoplewereAfterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriescollege,Johnwentbackobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?thecombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedbuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwasremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofcleartanksconnectedeachThenhewentaroundlocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbackplantsandanimals.Heplacedthemthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsofusedoneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalstheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbeganeatweeks,hadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspuretheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinecleancanalwaterFuzhou,acitysoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”theJohngiveswhathedoes.“LifeonEarthofaboxofsparepartsforthehesays.putnewrelationshipsandobservehappening.Thenletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirown4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirstparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling.Heenjoyedbeingalone.D.HelongedbeaHehadaninquiringmind.5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.feedtheanimals.buildanecosystem.D.testtheeco-machine.protecttheplants.6.WhatthepurposementioningFuzhou?A.reviewresearchplans.showanapplicationofidea.第3共頁(yè)comparedifferentjobs.7.WhatthebasisforA.Naturecanrepairitself.D.erasedoubtsaboutinvention.needwatersurvive.D.Mosttinycreaturesgroups.onEarthdiverse.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】John然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來(lái)凈化污水。4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnwasachild,helovedexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.WhenheJohnstartedwonderthisprocesscouldbeusedcleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問(wèn)題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往變得清澈。長(zhǎng)大后，約翰開始思考這個(gè)過(guò)程是否可以用來(lái)清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriescollege,Johnwentbackobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問(wèn)題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。5題詳解】Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.()及倒數(shù)第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalstheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbeganeatweeks,hadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspure他對(duì)結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開始吃起來(lái)！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子里為了測(cè)試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。6題詳解】theyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinecleancanalwaterFuzhou,acitysoutheastChina.(這些年來(lái)，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個(gè)類1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來(lái)清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選。第4共頁(yè)7題詳解】putnewrelationshipsandobservehappening.Thenletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirown你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。CThegoalofthisbookthecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatandwhyworks,andthenteachhowadoptthisphilosophydecideforyou.doso,Idividedthebookintoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startinganexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsodigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingonadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutteThisprocessrequiresstepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtyAttheendofthethirtydays,thenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatbelieveprovidemassivebenefitsthethingsvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguidethroughcarryingoutyourowndigitalIndoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIran2018whichover1,600peopleagreedperformadigitalheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforandwhattrapstheyencounteredthatshouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatideasthathelpcultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.thesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨(dú)處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisurereplacethemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludesacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedhelpactonthebigideasofthecanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeantaidyourbuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.8.Whatthebookaimedat?A.criticalthinkingskills.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”paragraph3mean?A.Add-on.Check-in.D.10.Whatpresentedthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels.Statisticalmethods.第5共頁(yè)P(yáng)racticalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdothepracticesofferedparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded.Evaluatetheireffects.Recommendthemfriends.D.Identifytheideasbehind【答案】8.B9.A10.CA【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字生活方式。8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookthecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatandwhyworks,andthenteachhowadoptthisphilosophydecideforyou.(這本書的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義辯護(hù)，包括詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后)B。9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“Thisprocessrequiresstepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,thenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatbelieveprovidemassivebenefitsthethingsvalue.(這個(gè)過(guò)程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動(dòng)30)”可推知，畫線詞“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對(duì)在線活動(dòng)進(jìn)行清理和挑選。故選A。10題詳解】推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguidethroughcarryingoutyourowndigitalIndoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIran2018whichover1,600peopleagreedperformadigital(鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，1600多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)字清理的實(shí)際例子。故選。題詳解】推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章最后一段“canthesepracticesasatoolboxmeantaidyourbuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.(你建立一種適合自己特定情況的極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式)”可推知，作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要與實(shí)際情況使用第二部分中提及的實(shí)踐。故選A。DOnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathas第6共頁(yè)beknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatcases,theaverageofanumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeopleerrors,thoseerrorsalwaysthesame.Somepeopletendoverestimate,andunderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtheycanceleachotherout,resultingaaccurateestimate.peoplearesimilarandtendtheerrors,thentheirerrorscanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,errorscorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatedown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninteresting(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thefindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedhaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.instance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudy100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidtheirdiscussion.theytendthosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?theyfollowthoseleastwillingchangetheirminds?Thishappenedofthetime,butwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostthegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedandreasonedtheseandreasoningresultedaglobalreductionAlthoughthestudie