2023-2024學(xué)年北師大版（2019）必修第三冊(cè)Unit 7 Art Lesson 1 Masterpieces教案

Unit7ArtLesson1Masterpieces教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)科目：英語(yǔ)課題：Lesson1Masterpieces課時(shí)：1課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)：知識(shí)目標(biāo)：StudentscanlearnsomenewwordsandNounClauses.能力目標(biāo)：Studentscanhaveafurtherunderstandingofthepassage.情感目標(biāo)：Studentscanthinkindividuallyandlearncooperatively.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：HowtolearnthenewwordsandNounClauses.教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：Howtomakestudentshaveabetterunderstandingofthepassage.課前準(zhǔn)備：多媒體，黑板，粉筆教學(xué)過(guò)程：一、Pre-reading1.Greeting2.Leading-inACTIVATEANDSHARE教師活動(dòng)：(1)教師活動(dòng)：教師提問(wèn)。Whatdoyouseeinthefollowingpaintings?Usethephrasesbelowtohelpyou.Doyoulikethem?Whatarethenamesofthethreepaintings?whiteandyellowcirclesanamazingskyathinfigurealonelytreeasleepingvillageadarkstormyseaahouselitbylightsfrominsideAskstudentstothinkandsharetheiranswers.While-readingREADANDEXPLORE1.學(xué)生活動(dòng)：閱讀文章，完成練習(xí)。Readthedescriptionsofthethreepaintings.Underlinethenameofeachpaintinganditsartist.Findoutwhateachpaintingisabout.2.學(xué)生活動(dòng)：閱讀文章，完成練習(xí)。Readthethreedescriptionsagain.Usethediagrambelowtohelpyoutakenotes.Thentalkabouteachpainting.(Suggestedanswers:TheStarryNight?Thenightskywithclouds,starsandamoon.?Whathesawfromthewindow.?Hethoughtitwasafailure.TheScream?Athinfigurewithanexpressionoffear.?Hisexperienceofwalkingwithfriends.?Notmentionedinthetext.TheEmpireofLight?Abeautifulhouselitbylightsfrominside,surroundedbythedarknessofnight.?Histhoughtsandideas.?Thechangebetweendayandnightinthepaintingswassurprising.)3.學(xué)生活動(dòng)：PairWorkSorttheexpressionsintothecorrectcolumns.Usethemtopracticeintroducingthepaintings.TheStarryNightTheScreamTheEmpireofLight1.withanexpressionoffear2.letoutapowerfulscream3.circlesofwhiteandyellowracingacrossthesky4.aburningorange-redsky5.surroundedbythedarknessofnight6.thenightskywithclouds,starsandamoon7.abeautifulhouselitbylightsfrominside8.fullofbrightnessandsoftwhiteclouds9.looksdirectlyattheviewer10.asleepingvillageandadark,lonelytree(Suggestedanswers:?TheStarryNightcirclesofwhiteandyellowracingacrosstheskythenightskywithclouds,starsandamoonasleepingvillageandadark,lonelytree?TheScreamwithanexpressionoffearletoutapowerfulscreamaburningorange-redskylooksdirectlyattheviewer?TheEmpireofLightsurroundedbythedarknessofnightabeautifulhouselitbylightsfrominsidefullofbrightnessandsoftwhiteclouds)4.學(xué)生活動(dòng)：完成練習(xí)。Lookatthethreepaintingsandreadthefirstparagraphofeachdescription.Dotheyhaveanythingincommon?Ifso,underlinethewordsandphrasesinthedescriptionsthatshowtheircommonfeatures.Explainyouropinions.Exampledark/darkness…(SuggestedAnswersThewordsandphrasesinthedescriptions:themassivecirclesofwhiteandyellowracingacrossthesky;aburningorange-redsky;adaytimeskyfullofbrightnessadark,lonelytree;adark,stormysea;thedarknessofnight.Eachpaintingisfocusedontheartist'sinterpretationofnature,especiallytheaspectsofthesky.Allthreepaintingspainttheskywithbrightcoloursandthedarknessineachonemanifestsatypicalfeature.)三、After-reading1.學(xué)生活動(dòng)：完成練習(xí)。What'syouropinionofthethreepaintingsafterreadingthedescriptions?Doyoulikeordislikethemmore?Giveyourreasons.Instructstudentstowriteafewsentencesoneachpaintingandexpresstheiropinions.2.學(xué)生活動(dòng)：GroupWorkSupposeyouareavolunteeratanartexhibition.Introduceoneofthethreepaintingstothevisitors.Encouragestudentstoworkingroupstodescribethepaintingtheychoose,includingtheartist,thebackground,theinspirationbehindthepaintingandsoon.Askthemtoshareormakearoleplay.四、FOCUSONLANGUAGE:NOUNCLAUSES1.PairWorkReadthesentences.Answerthequestions.1VanGoghpaintedwhathesawfromhiswindow.2Whatmakesitstrikingisthatitshowsathinfigurewithanexpressionoffear.3Whatisstrangeisthatabovethehouseandthetree,weseeadaytimeskyfullofbrightnessandsoftwhiteclouds.4Somefeelthatthepaintingslookdarkandtroubling.Whichsentenceisanexampleof:aasubjectclause,oranounclausethatactsasthesubjectofthesentencebanobjectclause,oranounclausethatactsastheobjectofthesentencecapredicativeclause,oranounclausethatactsasthepredicativeofthesentence(Answers:a.2,3b.1,4c.2,3)2.Combinethetwoexpressionsusingasubjectclause,anobjectclauseorapredicativeclause.Thenwriteacompletesentence.ExampleItishardtobelieveVanGoghonlysoldonepaintingduringhislifetimeItishardtobelievethatVanGoghonlysoldonepaintingduringhislifetime.1MagrittepaintedinthiswayThereasonwasthathewantedtochallengehowpeopleseetheworld_______________________________________________________________________________2Lookingatthepainting,wedon'tknowItisnightorday_______________________________________________________________________________3ThefactremainsMunch'sTheScreamisoneofthebest-knownpaintingsevermade_______________________________________________________________________________4ItisunclearVanGoghwantedtopaintyellowspotsorthatwaswhathereallysaw_______________________________________________________________________________(Answers1ThereasonwhyMagrittepaintedinthiswaywasthathewantedtochallengehowpeopleseetheworld.2Lookingatthepainting,wedon'tknowwhetheritisnightorday.3ThefactremainsthatMunch'sTheScreamisoneofthebest–knownpaintingsevermade.4ItisunclearwhetherVanGoghwantedtopaintyellowspotsorthatwaswhathereallysaw.)3.Rewritetheunderlinedsentencesinthefollowingparagraphusingnounclauses.1XuBeihongwasimportantinmodernChineseart.Hedevelopedthetraditionofcombiningpoetrywithpainting.2HewantedtopromoteChineseart.HeheldseveralexhibitionsinAsiaandEurope.InthispaintingnamedRacingHorse,wecanseeahorserunningathighspeedlikeamissileacrossthesky.Ontheleftandrightsideofthepainting,Xucleverlydrewinblackinktoshowthemovinghaironthehorse'smaneandtail.Healsouseddifferentshadesofgreyinacreativewaytoshowthesweatalongthehorse'sbody.3Itwaspaintedsoskillfullywithdarkandlightcolours.Itisafavouriteofmanyartlovers.(Answers1XuBeihongwasimportantinmodernChineseartinthathedevelopedthetraditionofcombiningpoetrywithpainting.2ThereasonheheldseveralexhibitionsinAsiaandEuropewasthathewantedtopromoteChineseart.3Thereasonitisafavouriteofmanyartloverswasthatitwaspaintedsoskillfullywithdarkandlightcolours.)EXPRESSYOURSELF學(xué)生活動(dòng)：GroupWorkReadthequotes.Discussthefeaturesofgoodpaintings.Amanpaintswithhisbrainandnotwithhishands.–Michelangelo,anItalianpainterPaintingissilentpoetry,andpoetryispaintingthatspeaks.–Plutarch,anancientGreekwriterGoodpaintingislikegoodcooking;itcanbetasted,butnotexplained.–MauricedeVlaminck,aFrenchpainter語(yǔ)法：名詞性從句在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句，它包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句一、定義在主從復(fù)合句中，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句，即為主語(yǔ)從句。Thatshecouldcometohelpusmadeusveryhappy.她能來(lái)幫助我們使我們很高興。Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否會(huì)來(lái)仍是個(gè)問(wèn)題。二、主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞1.連詞that和whether的用法（1）that在從句中不充當(dāng)句子的任何成分，只起連接作用，但不可省略。Thatsheisstillaliveissurprising.她還活著，這令人吃驚。ThathewasadmittedintoBeijingUniversitymadehisteachersandparentshappy.他考上了北大，使得他的老師和父母都很高興。（2）whether在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，起連接作用，意為“是否”，不可省略。Whethertheplanwillbecarriedoutisstillunknown.這個(gè)計(jì)劃是否會(huì)實(shí)施還不知道。Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.我們乘火車還是乘船沒(méi)差別。2.連接代詞（who,whose,whom,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等）。連接代詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.還不清楚他要跟我們說(shuō)什么。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.無(wú)論是誰(shuí)，只要違法就應(yīng)該受到懲罰。3.連接副詞（when,where,how,why等）。連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。Whenwewillhaveameetingisanimportantquestion.我們何時(shí)舉行會(huì)議是一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題。WhyJohnwaslatefortheclasshasbeenunexplained.約翰為什么上課遲到還沒(méi)有說(shuō)明。三、主語(yǔ)從句中用it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)如果主語(yǔ)從句太長(zhǎng)，為避免句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕，我們可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在主句謂語(yǔ)部分之后，尤其是當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的用形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)有：1.It+be+形容詞+主語(yǔ)從句常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：necessary,likely,right,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,natural等。Itislikelythatheisthewinnerofthisgame.很可能他是這場(chǎng)游戲的勝利者。It'sobviousthattheybadlyneedhelp.很明顯，他們急需幫助。注意：“It+be+necessary/important/strange/natural+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句常用“should+do”形式，其中should也可省略。Itisnecessarythatwe(should)livealow-carbonlife.我們過(guò)低碳生活是很有必要的。Itisstrangethathe(should)knownothingaboutit.真是奇怪，他對(duì)這件事情一點(diǎn)也不了解。2.It+be+名詞詞組+主語(yǔ)從句常用于這種句型的名詞有apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,a/nosurprise,a/nowonder等。It'sapity(that)youmissedthefilm.你錯(cuò)過(guò)了那部電影真是太遺憾了。It'snowonderthatshespeaksEnglishsowell.難怪她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得那么好。3.It+be+過(guò)去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,proved,…)+主語(yǔ)從句Itissaidthatthecityiswherethefamoussingerwasborn.據(jù)說(shuō)，那個(gè)城市就是那位著名的歌星出生的地方。Itisgenerallyconsideredthatboysarebetteratsciencethangirls.人們普遍認(rèn)為男孩子比女孩子更擅長(zhǎng)理科。ItisreportedthatPresidentXiwillvisitsomeAfricancountriessoon.據(jù)報(bào)道，習(xí)主席不久將訪問(wèn)一些非洲的國(guó)家。注意：“It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required+that從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句應(yīng)用“should+do”，should也可省略。It'ssuggestedthattheoldman(should)gotothecountrysidetohavearest.建議這位老人到鄉(xiāng)村去休息一下。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.有人建議會(huì)議延期召開(kāi)。4.It+不及物動(dòng)詞(appears/seems/happens/occurstosb.,doesn'tmatter,makesnodifference,...)+主語(yǔ)從句Itseemstomethatyoudisagreetotheplan.在我看來(lái)，你好像不贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃。IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.他打電話時(shí)，我正好不在家。5.It+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+that從句Itsurprisedusthatweweregivenachancetostudyabroad.讓我們吃驚的是我們得到了去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.她的頭發(fā)在變白，這讓她有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心。四、主語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng)1.從句的語(yǔ)序：在任何情況下，主語(yǔ)從句都用陳述語(yǔ)序。Whicheverofyougetsherefirstwillgettheprize.你們誰(shuí)第一個(gè)到達(dá)這里誰(shuí)就獲獎(jiǎng)。Whowilltakehisplaceisnotimportant.誰(shuí)將代替他的位置并不重要。2.主謂一致（1）從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式；但what和who引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有時(shí)主句謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)應(yīng)與主句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞保持一致。Whatweneediswater.我們所需要的是水。Whatweneedareusefulbooks.我們需要的是有用的書(shū)。（2）如果由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgohavenotbeendecidedyet.他們將在什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身以及要去哪里還沒(méi)定下來(lái)。Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecided.會(huì)議將在什么時(shí)候以及在哪里舉行還沒(méi)定下來(lái)。3.whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，如果用了形式主語(yǔ)it,引導(dǎo)詞whether可以換成if。如果whether從句在句首或后面直接跟有ornot時(shí)，不能用if替換。Whethertheywillsellthehouseisnotyetdecided.(此時(shí)whether不可換成if)=Itisnotdecidedyetwhether/iftheywillsellthehouse.（此時(shí)whether與if可互換）他們還沒(méi)有決定是否賣掉這個(gè)房子。賓語(yǔ)從句1.及物動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句Iwillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡是需要幫助的人我都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。Couldyoutellmewherethebookingofficeis?你能不能告訴我售票處在什么地方？2.介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句Wearetalkingaboutwhatwe'lldonext.我們正在討論下一步我們要做什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣把工作做好。3.形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等表示情感的形容詞后可接賓語(yǔ)從句。We'repleasedthatwehaveonceagainovercomethedifficulty.真是高興，我們?cè)俅螒?zhàn)勝了困難。I'mnotsurewhetherthey'llagreetosuchaplan.我不確定他們是否同意這樣一個(gè)計(jì)劃。4.由不同連詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（1）that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分，且在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？墒÷浴hesaidthatsheadmiredMengPeijieverymuch.她說(shuō)她非常佩服孟佩杰。Shedecidedthatshewasgoingtobeanurse.她決定將來(lái)成為一名護(hù)士。①that作賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)可省略，但當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略。Hesaid(that)Mrs.Wangwaskindandthatwecouldturntoherforhelp.他說(shuō)王太太很善良，我們可以向她求助。Theytoldus(that)therewouldbeameetingthatafternoonandthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.他們告訴我們那天下午會(huì)有一個(gè)會(huì)議，并且我們都應(yīng)該參加這個(gè)會(huì)議。②在可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞之后,如think,make,consider等，可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)從句后置，在這種情況下that不能省略。ImadeitclearthatIwasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan.（that不能省略）我已表明決心執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。Ithinkitapitythatyoucouldnotcome.你不能來(lái)，我深深惋惜。③主句謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句前的that不能省略。Heannounced,believeitornot,thathewouldneverforgiveher.信不信由你，他宣布他絕不會(huì)原諒她。④在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。Thepolicemandemandedthatthegateshouldbeshut.警察命令把大門關(guān)上。（2）whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句從屬連詞whether/if作“是否”講時(shí)，常用在ask,care,findout,know,wonder等動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）后引出帶有疑問(wèn)意義的語(yǔ)從句，從句中仍保持陳述語(yǔ)序，whether或if不充當(dāng)句子分。Idon'tknowif/whetherhewillgotothecinemathisevening.我不知道今晚他是否會(huì)去看電影。Doyouknowwhether/ifanydecisionhasbeenarrivedat?你知道是否已經(jīng)做出決定了嗎？以下只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的情況：①作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。Ihaven'tsettledthequestionofwhetherI'llgobackhome.我還沒(méi)有決定是否回家。Itdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.那取決于你是否能將工作做好。②whether與or或ornot連用時(shí)，不可用if替換。Shedoesn'tknowwhethersheshouldgetmarriednoworwait.她不知道是現(xiàn)在就結(jié)婚還是等等再說(shuō)。Iwonderwhetherornotweshouldmakeitclearthatwe'velostthisgame.我在想我們是否應(yīng)該說(shuō)清楚我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。③動(dòng)詞doubt用于肯定句式，其賓語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo)。Idoubtverymuchwhetherheiscoming.我非常懷疑他是否要來(lái)。Westilldoubtwhetherwhathesaidistrue.我們?nèi)耘f懷疑他說(shuō)的話是否是真的。（3）連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever和連接副詞when,where,how,why這些連接詞都有詞義，除引導(dǎo)從句外，還在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。這種賓語(yǔ)從句有疑問(wèn)意義，但不是疑問(wèn)句，不能用疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序，而要用陳述語(yǔ)序。Idon'tknowwhatthelittlegirllikes.我不知道這個(gè)小女孩喜歡什么。CouldyoutellmewhichjobIshouldtake,please?請(qǐng)你告訴我我應(yīng)該選擇哪種工作，好嗎？5.使用賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題（1）賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+其他”。CanyoutellmehowIcangetintouchwiththefamousdoctor?你能告訴我怎樣與那位著名的醫(yī)生取得聯(lián)系嗎？（2）賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可以用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)；如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；如果賓語(yǔ)從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。HesaidthathehadbeentoNewYork.（從句是過(guò)去完成時(shí)）他說(shuō)他曾去過(guò)紐約。Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.（從句陳述的是客觀事實(shí)）老師說(shuō)光比聲音傳播得快。（3）當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose,expect等詞，而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。Idon'tthinktheyoungmanwillaccepttheadvice.我認(rèn)為這個(gè)年輕人不會(huì)接受這個(gè)建議。Idon'tthinkhecanfinishtheworkontime.我認(rèn)為他無(wú)法按時(shí)完成工作。（4）有些動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)），如enjoy,love,like,hate,appreciate,take,hide,seeto,insiston,dependon,relyon等帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，習(xí)慣上在從句前加形式賓語(yǔ)it。Ihateitwhenpeopleaskmeformoney.我不喜歡別人向我借錢。Iwillappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.如果你能幫我一把，我會(huì)很感激。表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句位于主句中的系動(dòng)詞之后。1.that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句連接詞that在從句中只起到連接作用，不作任何成分。ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.問(wèn)題是我把他的地址弄丟了。WhatIparticularlydislikeaboutthislessonisthatitisreallyboring.我特別不喜歡這節(jié)課是因?yàn)樗拇_令人乏味。2.whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句連接詞whether起連接作用，意為“是否；究竟；到底”，在句中不作任何成分。Whathewantstoknowiswhetherwecanfinishourworkbytomorrowmorning.他想要知道的是我們到明天早上能否完成工作。Thequestioniswhetheryoucandotheworkwell.問(wèn)題是你能否做好這項(xiàng)工作。3.從屬連詞as,asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像有人在敲門。Thepencilseemsasthoughitwerebrokenwhenitisparlyputinthewater.當(dāng)把鉛筆的一部分放入水中時(shí)，它看上去好像斷了。4.because,why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句That'sbecausehedidn'tunderstandme.（That'sbecause…強(qiáng)調(diào)原因）那是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有理解我。That'swhyhegotangrywithme.（That'swhy...強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）那正是他對(duì)我生氣的原因。注意：reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的表語(yǔ)從句表示原因時(shí)，要用that引導(dǎo)，不宜用because。ThereasonwhyIwassadwasthathedidn'tunderstandme.我難過(guò)的原因是他沒(méi)有理解我。Thereasonwhyheaskedfortwodays'leaveisthathehadtotakecareofhissickson.他請(qǐng)了兩天假的原因是他要照顧他生病的兒子。5.wh-疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever和連接副詞where,when,how,why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替代她。Thequestionishowhedidit.問(wèn)題是他是如何做這件事的。Theirdifficultyiswheretheycanraiseenoughmoney.他們的困難是他們到哪里能籌到足夠的錢。6.主語(yǔ)是表示建議、命令、要求、計(jì)劃（suggestion,advice,order,request,proposal）等的名詞，那么表語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即should后接動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leavethevillagerightnow.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該立刻離開(kāi)這個(gè)村子。Hisrequestisthatthey(should)stayhereforthenight.他請(qǐng)求他們?cè)谶@里待一晚。同位語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中，跟在一個(gè)名詞后對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。能跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有fact,news,idea,truth,doubt,belief,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,answer,possibility,question,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion等抽象名詞。There'safeelinginmethatwe'llneverknowwhataUFOis.我有一種感覺(jué)，我們永遠(yuǎn)都無(wú)法知道不明飛行物是什么。Idon'tliketheideathatmoneyiseverything.我不喜歡認(rèn)為金錢就是一切的觀點(diǎn)。一、同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞有連詞that,whether，疑問(wèn)代詞who,which,what和疑問(wèn)副詞where,when,why,how等。1.由連詞that,whether引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。that,whether引導(dǎo)從句，但在從句中不作成分，不能省略。that無(wú)意義；whether有“是否”之意。Theyheardthenewsontheradioyesterdaythatatyphoonwascoming.昨天他們從收音機(jī)里聽(tīng)到臺(tái)風(fēng)要來(lái)的消息。Theproblemwhetherhewillbesentencedfordrunkdrivingisn'tclear.他是否會(huì)因酒后駕駛而被判刑這一問(wèn)題還不清楚。2.由疑問(wèn)代詞who,which,what引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。疑問(wèn)代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。Thequestionwhoshouldgoabroadrequiredconsideration.（who在從句中作主語(yǔ)）誰(shuí)會(huì)出國(guó)這個(gè)問(wèn)題還需要考慮。IhavenoideawhichoneIshouldchoose.(which在從句中作定語(yǔ)）我不知道該選哪一個(gè)。Hehasnoideawhatheshoulddonext.(what在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）他不知道下一步要做什么。3.由疑問(wèn)副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。疑問(wèn)副詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)和方式狀語(yǔ)。IhavenoideawhenhewillbebackfromShanghai.（when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）我不知道他何時(shí)從上?；貋?lái)。Istillhavenoideawhytheyleftthepartywithoutawordlastnight.（why在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)）我仍然不知道昨晚他們?yōu)槭裁礇](méi)說(shuō)一句話就離開(kāi)了宴會(huì)。Itremainsamysteryhowithappened.（how在從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)）那事是怎么發(fā)生的仍然是個(gè)謎。Thequestionwherewewillgotospendourholidayhasnotbeendiscussed.(where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）我們要去哪里度假這一問(wèn)題還沒(méi)被討論。二、使用同位語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1.當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)較短，而同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，為避免頭重腳輕，同位語(yǔ)從句常后置，構(gòu)成分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。Wordcamethatthefamousscientistwouldcometoseeus.有消息傳來(lái)，那位著名的科學(xué)家要來(lái)看望我們。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到瑪麗可能生病了。名詞doubt后可跟同位語(yǔ)從句，若用于肯定句中時(shí)用whether引導(dǎo)；若用于否定句中時(shí)則用that引導(dǎo)。Thereisnodoubtthatpriceswillgoup.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)物價(jià)會(huì)上漲。Thereissomedoubtwhethertheywillcometohelpus.他們是否能來(lái)幫助我們還不確定。注意，表達(dá)“是否”的概念時(shí)，要用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。Ihavenoideawhethershelikesthefilm.我不知道她是否喜歡這部電影。2.名詞suggestion,order,demand,command,request,desire,proposal等后的同位語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)用“should+do”，should可省略。Thegen