2017年考研英語二真題及答案解析

2017年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（二）試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

?Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.②Todayis

nodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain_1,that

technologyisreplacinghumanworkers.③Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworld

willbedefinedby2:④Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,and

themasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.

①Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbe

awastelandofadifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness：Withoutjobsto

givetheirlives5,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.②6,

today'sunemployeddon,tseemtobehavingagreattime.③OneGalluppollfound

that20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthaving

depression,doubletheratefor7Americans.④Also,someresearchsuggests

thatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,and

addiction9poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-paidjobs.

?Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.

①Butitdoesn,t11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithout

workwouldbefilledwithunease.②Suchvisionsarebasedonthe_12ofbeing

unemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.③Inthe13ofwork,

asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferent

circumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.?Today,the15ofwork

maybeabitoverblown.⑤“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawaste

ofhumanpotential,“saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityof

IrelandinGalway.

①Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers,

peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17

oftheirjobs.②"WhenIcomehomefromahardday'swork,Ioftenfeel18,

-2-

Danahersays,adding,“Inaworldinwhich1don,thavetowork,1mightfeelrather

different-perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassion

projectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.

1.[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring

2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty

3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction

4.[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured

5.[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom

6.[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless

7.[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated

8.[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute

9.[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among

rBT

10.[A]leavebehindLJmakeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside

rBu

11.[A]statisticallyLoccasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically

rBT

12.[A]chancesLJdownsides[C]benefits[D]principles

13.[A]absenceheight[C]face[D]course

14.[A]disturbrestore[C]exclude[D]yield

rBu

15.[A]modelLpractice[C]virtue[D]hardship

rBT

16.[A]trickyLJlengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce

rB

17.[A]demandsLstandards[C]qualities[D]threats

-B

18.[A]ignored-tired[C]confused[D]starved

rB

19.[A]offLagainst[C]behind[D]into

rB

20.[A]technologicalLprofessional[C]educational[D]interpersonal

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

①EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5km

aroundtheirlocalpark.②TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhas

inspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.③Eventsarefree,staffedbythousands

ofvolunteers.?Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrange

fromAndrewBaddeley,sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.

@ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondonJsOlympic“l(fā)egacy“isfailing.@Tenyears

agoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30lhOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.

?PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolever

anationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.④Thepopulationwouldbefitter,

healthierandproducemorewinners.⑤Ithasnothappened.?Thenumberofadults

doingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun-upto2012-butthegeneral

populationwasgrowingfaster.⑦Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatan

acceleratingrate.⑧Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwo

hoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.⑨Obesityhasrisenamongadultsand

children.⑩OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto

uinspireageneration."?ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.

①Parkrunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.②

Theethoswelcomesanybody.③Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeing

clappedoverthe1ineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.④TheOlympicbidders,

bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.

⑤Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidating

fornewcomers.

?Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedin

theplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots“conceptascommunitysports

associations.②Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegetting

involvedinprovidingcommongoods一makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfields

andthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionof

alltheseactivitiesinschools.③Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedover

sellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattention

onsportineducation.?Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneed

todomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.⑤Oratleastnotmakethem

worse.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.

[A]createdmanyjobs

[B]gainedgreatpopularity

[C]becomeanofficialfestival

[D]strengthenedcommunityties

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon，sOlympic"legacy"hasfailedto.

[A]boostpopulationgrowth

[B]improvethecity,simage

[C]increasesporthoursinschools

[D]promotesportparticipation

23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents

[B]focusesonmasscompetition

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism

[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers

24.Withregardtomasssports,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.

[A]increasefundsforsportsclubs

[B]investinpublicsportsfacilities

[C]organize“grassroots"sportsevents

[D]superviselocalsportsassociations

25.Theauthor,sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis.

[A]critical

[B]tolerant

[C]uncertain

[D]sympathetic

Text2

①Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentsto

forgetabouttheirownscreenuse.②"Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,“

saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsarethere

topromotemaximalengagement.③Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalot

ofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”

①Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygiving

mother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.②Shefoundthatmotherswhoused

devicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewer

nonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.?Duringaseparateobservation,she

sawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.④Parentswouldbelooking

attheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

①Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,

andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive一astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedin

adevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.②Radeskycitesthe

ustillfaceexperimentdevisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe

1970s.③Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybefore

puttingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:The

childbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother's

attention.(4)uParentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthere

needstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'

sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,“saysRadesky.

@0ntheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'

useofscreensarebornoutofanoppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparents

shouldalwaysbeinteractingwiththeirchildren:"It'sbasedonasomewhat

fantasised,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou,re

failingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”②Tronick

believesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn,tmeantherey

snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohousework

orsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.?Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutof

usingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.④This

canmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildthe

restofthetime.

26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto.

[A]absorbuserattention

[B]increaseworkefficiency

[C]simplifyroutinematters

[D]betterinterpersonalrelations

27.Radesky'sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers'useofdevices.

[A]takesawaybabies,appetite

[B]distractschildren'sattention

[C]slowsdownbabies'verbaldevelopment

[D]reducesmother-childcommunication

28.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperimenttoshowthat.

[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

[C]parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

[D]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto.

[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

[C]remainconcernedaboutkids'useofscreens

[D]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

30.AccordingtoTronick,kids'useofscreensmay.

[A]maketheirparentsmorecreative

[B]givetheirparentssomefreetime

[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework

[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive

Text3

?Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunction

withincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentsto

completelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.②Afterall,ifeveryone

youknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn,

tit?③Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn,tfeelnaturaltospend

ayeardoingsomethingthatisn'tacademic.

@Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.

②There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesocially

perpetuated“racetothefinishline,“whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,

medicalschooloralucrativecareer.③Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyear

doesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits一infact,itprobablyenhancesit.

?StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagap

yeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewho

donot.②Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparing

themforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges-allthings

thatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.③Gapyearexperiencescan

lessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrand

newenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthan

acclimationblunders.

①Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexplore

interests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.②

AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentof

collegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.③Thisisn'tsurprising,

consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoor

understandingofthevastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege.?Many

switchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.⑤It'snotnecessarilyabadthing,

butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoo

lateinthegame.@AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompletean

extrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.?Taking

agapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylater

on.

31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat.

[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading

[B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege

[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers

[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses

32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps.

[A]relievefreshmenofpressures

[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers

[C]easefreshmen,sfinancialburdens

[D]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic

33.Theword“acclimation”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]motivation

[B]application

[C]competition

[D]adaptation

34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem.

[A]switchtoanothercollege

[B]decideontherightmajor

[C]avoidacademicfailures

[D]establishlong-termgoals

35.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

[A]InFavoroftheGapYear

[B]TheABCsoftheGapYear

[C]TheGapYearComesBack

[D]TheGapYear:ADilemma

Text4

?Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyof

wildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,says

ProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.

$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfires-nearlydoublethepercentageitspenton

suchefforts20yearsago.②Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowards

theagency'sotherwork-suchasforestconservation,watershedandcultural

resourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep一thataffectthelivesofall

Americans.

?Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesare

goingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.②AsMoritzputsit,howoftenare

federaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?

①"It'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthe

wholecountry,vhesays.②Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.③Like,

"Waitaminute,isthisOK?'④Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundsto

concentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?v

@SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytoday

viewsfire,researcherssay.

①Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.②

Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange—howthewarmingofthe

Earthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.

①Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn,tcomeattheexpense

oftherestoftheequation.

①“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andthe

interactionsgobothways,“hesays.?Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leads

to“anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.@0urperceptionof

theproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited.”

①Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobe

whollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchatthe

UniversityofColorado.②Butacknowledgingfire'sinevitablepresenceinhumanlife

isanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeit

assafeaspossible,shesays.

①"We'vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,“Balchsays.②“It

isreallyimportanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnection

withfiretoday.”

36.Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015

they_.

[A]consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget

[B]severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates

[C]causedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure

[D]exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts

37.Moritzcallsfortheuseof〃amagnifyingglass"to.

[A]avoidtheredirectionoffederalmoney

[B]findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscape

[C]raisemorefundsforfire-proneareas

[D]guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds

38.Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat.

[A]publicdebateshavenotsettledyet

[B]ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace

[C]otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked

[D]fire-fightingconditionsareimproving

39.TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto.

[A]discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature

[B]explorethemechanismofthehumansystems

[C]understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature

[D]maximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlife

40.ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould.

[A]doawaywith

[B]cometotermswith

[C]payapricefor

[D]keepawayfrom

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleft

columntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Thereare

twoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER

ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfrom

DonaldTrump."Wedon'tmakeanythinganymore,“hetoldFoxNews,whiledefending

hisownmade-in-Mexicoclothingline.

Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,

andfurthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhit

manufacturing.

Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.

Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:Instead

ofhavingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetition

andoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsof

retiringboomerseveryyear.Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheir

place.Otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.

Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers-andupward

pressureonwages."They'rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,“saysJay

Dunwell,presidentofWolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm."Theymaybecoming

[intotheworkforce],butthey'vebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealso

doingaswellasmanufacturing,"Mr.Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschooljuniors

tothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.

AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipment

thathisfathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepsacloseeyeontheageofhis

nearly200workers.Fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-college

studentsenrolledinawork-placementprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhour

thatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.

Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooks

flusteredbythecoppercoilshe'stryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.

It'shisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathigh

schoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforeswitchingtoelectricalengineering."I

loveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating,“hesays.

Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajor

hurdle:parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreat

Depression,tellingthemtoavoidthefactory.Millennialsaremembertheirfather

andmotherbothwerelaidoff.Theyblameitonthemanufacturingrecession,“says

BirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopmentagencyfor

westernMichigan.

Theseconcernsaren,tmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom

17millionin1970to12millionin2015.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortages

firstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingatthe

mid-skilllevels.

“Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattakenoskillsandthosethatrequirealot

ofskill,“saysRobSpohr,abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege,

“There'reenoughpeopletofillthejobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyou

don'tneedtohavemuchskill.It'sthatgapinbetween,andthatyswheretheproblem

is.”

JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunityCollegepointstoanotherkeytoluring

Millennialsintomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontent

toworklonghours,youngpeoplevalueflexibility.uOvertimeisnotattractiveto

thisgeneration.Theyreallywanttolivetheirlives,“shesays.

[A]saysthatheswitchedtoelectricalengineering

becausehelovesworkingwithtools.

41.JayDunwell[B]pointsoutthatthereareenoughpeopletofill

thejobsthatdon'tneedmuchskill.

42.JasonStenquist[C]pointsoutthattheUSdoesn,tmanufacture

anythinganymore.

43.BirgitKlohs[D]believesthatitisimportanttokeepaclose

eyeontheageofhisworkers.

44.RobSpohr[E]saysthatforfactoryowners,workersareharder

tofindbecauseofstiffcompetition.

45.JulieParks[F]pointsoutthatawork/lifebalancecanattract