專題02定語(yǔ)從句口語(yǔ)2完形填空（知識(shí)梳理提高）（原卷版）

專題02定語(yǔ)從句+口語(yǔ)2+完形填空·模塊一定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)歸納·模塊二口語(yǔ)：情景提問·模塊三完形填空·模塊四高考常考詞組2·模塊五2024屆上海高三名校真題速遞模塊模塊一定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)歸納關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞考點(diǎn)一：區(qū)分用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。先判斷定語(yǔ)從句句子成分，若從句缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞，指人用who或that，賓格用whom或that，指人或物的定語(yǔ)用whose，指物用which或that，as則用于固定搭配thesame/such/soas中；注意：關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，此時(shí)容易做錯(cuò)題目。若缺狀語(yǔ)則用關(guān)系副詞，先行詞是時(shí)間用when，地點(diǎn)用where，原因用why。Thisisthemanwho/thathelpedmewhenIwasintrouble.Thedoctor(whom/that)youarelookingforisintheroom.Thecowswhich/thatmayhavebeenexposedtoBSEwillbedestroyed.That’sthestudentswhoseapplicationwehavejustread.I’mwearingthesamedressasyouworeyesterday.(同一類)Thisisthesamedressthatyouworeyesterday.(同一個(gè))TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand.(定語(yǔ)從句)TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishthatchildrencouldunderstandit.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)DoyouknowtheyearwhenTheDeclarationofIndependencewaspublished?Thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouaresounhappy?Iknowthereason(which/that)heexplainedatthemeeting.考點(diǎn)二：先行詞為抽象時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)名詞。?？汲橄髸r(shí)間：occasion；?？汲橄蟮攸c(diǎn)：case,point,situation,circumstance,stage,state,position等。Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.IgottothestagewhereIwasn’tcopinganymore.Igottothestage(which/that)Iwasn’tcopingwithanymore.考點(diǎn)三：關(guān)系代詞只用that,which或who的情況。用that的情況：1、先行詞為all,much,few,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞時(shí)。2、先行詞有thevery,theonly,thesame,all,any,each,every,few,little,no,oneof等詞修飾時(shí)。3、先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。4、先行詞是數(shù)詞或被數(shù)詞修飾。5、先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。6、在以which，who，what引起的問句中。7、關(guān)系代詞在限定性從句中作表語(yǔ)。Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.用which的情況：1、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。2、關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。Myhouse,whichIboughttwoyearsago,hasgotalovelygarden.IwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.用who的情況：1、先行詞是one,ones,anyone,those時(shí)。2、當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)。3、在therebe開頭的句子中。4、一個(gè)句子帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個(gè)宜用who。Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyourfather.ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewupinwesternYunnanprovince.考點(diǎn)四：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句及其關(guān)系代詞as,which的用法區(qū)別。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明或描述的作用，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。關(guān)系詞只有who,whom,whose,which,as,when,where。其中as與which都可指主句整個(gè)句子。其區(qū)別為：1、位置不同which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只置于所限定的句子后；as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.2、先行詞不同as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞多為一個(gè)句子；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子。Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.3、as有“正如”、“就像”之意，對(duì)主句內(nèi)容進(jìn)行評(píng)述，which則沒有此含義。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有asweknow;asoftenhappens;asisoftenthecase;asweallcansee;asisannounced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported等。4、which在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)可用各類動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)；而as做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用系動(dòng)詞，如be,seem,bee等，一般不用其他行為動(dòng)詞。Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.Hedidn’tsayanythingatthemeeting,as/whichseemedverystrange.考點(diǎn)五：介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which，whom，whose）的情況。1、介詞+關(guān)系代詞2、名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞3、形容詞最高級(jí)+介詞+關(guān)系代詞4、介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.MandelawastheblacklawyerforwhoseadviceIasked.Hewroteabook,thenameofwhichI’vepletelyforgotten.Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.Icalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichmistakeIapologized.考點(diǎn)六：theway后、分隔式和有插入語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway(that/inwhich)hesaidit.Thecountryhasariverflowingthroughthecitythatplaysanimportantpartinthelivesofitspeople.Thisisthewomanwhothemusiciansaidwasregardedasthebestpianistinthecountry.模塊模塊二口語(yǔ)：情景提問測(cè)量目標(biāo)：能運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言功能意念知識(shí)/根據(jù)情景要求進(jìn)行詢問以獲得所需的信息。答題時(shí)，首先應(yīng)該正確理解所給情景，其次要針對(duì)情景中需要解決的問題提問，也就是要問在點(diǎn)子上。尤其是當(dāng)有些題目對(duì)提問的范圍已做出明顯的限制時(shí)，更要注意提問的有效性。另外根據(jù)指示語(yǔ)的要求，對(duì)每個(gè)情景所提的兩個(gè)問題中，一定要有一個(gè)特殊疑問句，不能是兩個(gè)一般疑問句。但兩個(gè)問題都是特殊疑問句的話是可以接受的。情景提問部分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1分 能對(duì)所給的情景進(jìn)行提問，內(nèi)容恰當(dāng)，問句結(jié)構(gòu)正確。0.5分 提問基本符合情景要求，但語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)有錯(cuò)誤。0分 不能提問或提問不符合情景要求。(注：1.對(duì)同一情景問兩個(gè)一般疑問句，第二個(gè)問題得0.5分；2.兩個(gè)問題針對(duì)同一信息，第二個(gè)問題得0.5分；3.問兩個(gè)特殊疑問句不扣分。）Directions:Asktwoquestionsabouteachsituationgivenbelow.Atleastonespecialquestionshouldbeaskedabouteachsituation.Questions12:YourAmericanteacherisgoingtogiveyoudramalessonsthissemester.Youasktheteacheraboutthelessons.Question1:Question2:Questions34:YouaregoingtovisitaroyalpalaceinThailand.Youaskyourtourguideabouttheroyalpalace.Question3:Question4:模塊模塊三完型填空1、解題步驟1）要快速通讀全文，了解文章大意，正確分析、歸納文章主旨。2）在理解文章大意基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)每道題所給的詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行剖析，考慮語(yǔ)境，上下呼應(yīng)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維進(jìn)行推理，再根據(jù)自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短語(yǔ)、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞形式和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等，先完成簡(jiǎn)單的，把難的留在后面。3）再次細(xì)讀全文，集中精力解決難點(diǎn)，填補(bǔ)空缺。4）答題完畢，遵循由整體到局部、由局部到整體的規(guī)律，再耐心通讀全文，認(rèn)真復(fù)查所選答案是否得當(dāng)，語(yǔ)法是否正確，邏輯推理是否合理。2、解題技巧1）精讀首句，把握主題。Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemostfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.51.A.desire B.seek C.lose D.dislike2）注意句子邏輯關(guān)系?！⒘?、遞進(jìn)、對(duì)立（轉(zhuǎn)折/對(duì)比/讓步）、因果、例證等。并列：Expensiveworksofartareoftenstoredinprotectiveboxespletewithdetectorstomonitorhumidityandtemperaturelevels,andtoprotectthemfromsundamageorother__45__suchasaspilledcupofcoffee.45.A.accidentsB.appliances C.measures D.drinks因果：Eatingfastfoodmakespeopleimpatientevenwhentheyarenotshortoftime,anewstudyclaims.StudentsinthestudybecameanxiousevenwhenshownthelogoofburgerchainMcDonald’ssoquicklyonscreenthattheycouldnot__42__it.42.A.recognizeB.investigate C.diagnoseD.recall對(duì)立：Participantsalsopreferredtimesavingproductslikethreeinoneskincaretreatmentsratherthan__49__versionsafterseeingthelogos.49.A.separateB.specialC.expensive D.original總分：Theoutesmaywellvaryaccordingtoindividualresponsestothedrugs.__47__,someresearchhasfoundthatwhilestimulantscanimprovetestperformanceforthosewhoarelessintelligent,forthesmartestfolks,thedrugscanhavetheoppositeeffect.47.A.ForexampleB.OnthecontraryC.Asaresult D.Ontheotherhand遞進(jìn)：Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.Anessentialpartoflisteningwellistheruleknownas‘bracketing’.Bracketingincludesthetemporarygivinguporsettingasideofyourownprejudicesanddesires,toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse’sworldfromtheinside,steppingintohisorhershoes.___55___,sincelisteningwellinvolvesbracketing,italsoinvolvesatemporaryacceptanceoftheotherperson.55.A.ThereforeB.Moreover C.However D.Forinstance3）根據(jù)上下文，理解語(yǔ)篇。——句意理解、詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)、釋義詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)：Wearefloodedbyemails,texts,orthenewsfeedsonourFacebookpages.MyfriendRonreferstothistechnologyas“weaponsofmassdistraction.”Buthowisthismassdistractionaffectingourdegreeofpresenceandabilitytoattendtotheeverydaydemandsoflife?The__45__isjustpartofthelargerpicture.Dealingwithacrowdofdailytextmessagesandemailsmakesitdifficultforustobebyourselveswhenallthatactivitystops.45.A.attention B.association C.demand D.distraction釋義：Shecanalsodeterminetherighttreatmentwhenyourconditionfallsoutsideofwhatisinthe___43___,wherenewbiesgetmostoftheirideas.Formanymedicaltreatments,there’sadirectconnectionbetweenphysicianexperienceandyourtreatingoute.43.A.mediaB.traditionC.realityD.textbook句意理解：Clichéscanbe__42__accordingtowhethertheywereoriginallyidioms,similesandproverbs,expressionsfromtradesor__43__phrases.42. A.confirmed B.quoted C.inferred D.classified43. A.invented B.customized C.recognized D.underlined模塊模塊四高考常考詞組2(A)需要熟記的詞組 bansb.fromdoing/abanon 禁止…做 abarriertoprogress 進(jìn)步的障礙blockone'sprogress 阻礙某人進(jìn)步beinbalance 在平衡狀態(tài)adeadbattery 電池沒電了bearsth.inmind 記住bebehindmeinEnglish. 英語(yǔ)比我差fallbehind/outofdate 落后/過時(shí)了forthetimebeing 暫時(shí)bebeneficialto …對(duì)…有好處beyondone'simagination 超出想象believein 相信belongto 屬于blamesb.forsth. 指責(zé)…有錯(cuò)botherabout 為擔(dān)心boastof 對(duì)…自豪、吹噓goonboardtheplane 登上飛機(jī)breakthebadhabit 改掉壞習(xí)慣bringsb.up 養(yǎng)育某人browsethroughabook 隨便翻看書burstintolaughter 忍不住大笑buildupenergy 積蓄能量takesth.bymistake 拿錯(cuò)bymeansof 以…為手段rise/increase/decreaseby10% 增長(zhǎng)10%abarriertoprogress 進(jìn)步的障石bebornin 出生于beblindinbotheyes 雙目失明breakout （火、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）爆發(fā)bringabout 造成結(jié)果(B)單詞中容易混淆的詞base/basisbeat/winblock/barrier(C)?？季湫虸twasn’tlongbeforesb.didsth.當(dāng)時(shí)沒過多久就…Itwon’tbelongbeforesb.do/doessth.不久后就將Itwasn’tlongbeforeherealizethemistake.當(dāng)時(shí)不久他就發(fā)現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤Itwon’tbelongbeforewegetreunitedagain.不久我們就將重聚模塊模塊五2024屆上海高三名校真題速遞一、定語(yǔ)從句1．Thisisthereasonhedidn’tetothemeeting.A．when B．why C．that D．who2．ThereisagirlsellsChinaDailyaroundthecorner.A．who B．where C．inwhich D．which3．DoyouknowtheyeartheChinesemunistPartywasfounded?A．which B．that C．when D．whose4．—DoyouliketheweeklyprogramReadersonCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogram_________candevelopthehabitofreading.A．who B．that C．what D．whose5．iswellknowntous,Tianjinhasahistoryofmorethan600years.A．As B．What C．Where D．It6．Mostwomenidentifiedatleastonetrustedfriends________theycouldturnforhelp.A．towhich B．onwhich C．towhom D．onwhom7．________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A．Which B．That C．As D．What8．Mary,________drawingswereshownattheexhibitionlastmonth,isamodelstudent.A．who B．which C．whom D．whose9．WrittenChinesehasalsobeeanimportantmeansChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.A．forwhich B．onwhich C．bywhich D．onthat10．Lastsummerholiday,Iwentbacktomyhometown,__________theneighborsandthehouse__________Iusedtobefamiliarwithweregone.A．onlyfinding;which B．onlytofind;that C．tofind;where D．found;that11．Thatboywasrudetotheconductor,______ofcourse,madethingsevenworse.A．who B．whom C．what D．which12．John,aprofessorattheKing’sCollegeLondon,isoneofthesmallbutgrowingminority______arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.A．what B．which C．where D．who13．ADisneythemedairplane,________bodyhugeMickeyMousefigureswerepainted,appearedinShanghai.A．ofwhich B．a(chǎn)crosswhose C．a(chǎn)crosswhich D．ofwhose14．Theabsolutemostimportantskill________youlearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegooddecisions.A．that B．what C．whether D．how15．________isknowntousallthattheoldscientist,for________lifewashardinthepast,stillworkshardinhiseighties.A．As;whose B．It;whom C．It;whose D．As;whom16．Sheishalfwaythroughthepreparationyears,________mostforeignstudentspletesbeforeapplyingforadegreecourse.A．inwhich B．which C．ofwhich D．when17．Mymotherisgratefultothesurgeon,without________firstaidshewouldneverrosetoherfeetagain.A．whom B．his. C．which D．whose18．StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.A．what B．that C．where D．which19．CelesteNg’slatestbook,plotisquitenewandoriginal,hasreceivedalotofattention.A．which B．where C．whose D．that20．—Doyouknowthegirlwith________wetalkedjustnow?—Ofcourse.Sheismybestfriend.A．whose B．which C．who D．whom二、完形填空（2023上·上海松江·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Parishaslongbeenattheheartofthehistoryofflight.ItiswheretheMontgolfierbrotherswentupinthefirsthotairballoonin1783,andwhereCharlesLindberghpletedthefirstonepersontransatlanticareophanejourneyin1927.Nextyear,ifallgoestoplan,Pariswillwitnessthebirthofanotherindustry21,whenVolocopter,aGermanmakerofelectricaircraft,launchesaflyingtaxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames.AttheParisAirshowinJune,Volocopterandsomeofitspetitorsdisplayedanewgenerationof22flyingmachinesdesignedforurbantransport.Theelectrificationofaviation(航空)hasoftenbeendismissedasapipedream,withbatteriesassumedtooheavya23fortraditionalfuelinanairbornevehicle.Forlongerjourneys,thatmaywellbetrue.YetupstartslikeVolocopterarebettingthatelectrificationcan24aboomindemandforcleanandquickairjourneysovershorterdistances.Themainformofaflyingtaxiunder25,calledanelectricvertical(垂直的)takeoffandlanding(eVTOL)aircraft,isexpectedtocarryuptofourpassengersplusapilot.Poweredbybatteries,itispredictedtobebothquietenoughtoreduceplaintsincrowdedcities,andfast:capableofupto300kph,enoughtofortably26acar,especiallytheonestuckintraffic.AndoptimistsbelievetheabsenceoftrafficintheskywillalsomakeeVTOLswellsuitedto27operation.Theycouldprovehandyfortransportinggoods,too.Thatvisionhasinspired28predictions.Forexample,MorganStanley,aninvestmentbank,estimatesglobalspendingoneVTOLscouldhit$1,000billionby2040!Regardlessoftheabove29expectations,challengesremain.Oneproblemistechnicalcertification,whichisturningouttobea(n)30processasaviationregulatorsworkonanentirelynewformofaircraft.Latelastyear,duetoregulatorydelaysandsomeotherfactors,Joby,aSiliconValleystartup,wasforcedto31itslaunchbyonemoreyearuntil2025.Manyhaveevenlongertogo.Thebiggerquestionis—isthebusinessofflyingtaxis32practicable?EVTOLscurrentlyrangeinpricefrom$1millionto$4million.Somebelievethattheircostmayedownastheindustrydevelops.BrianYutkoofWisk,amakerbackedbyBoeing,saysthatflyingtaxirideswillbeaccessibleto33inthenearfuture.AndJobypromisesthatitsfareswillbeparabletocatchingamontaxi.34,thereisanoppositebeliefthateVTOLsarelikelytoremainexpensive.Somestudiessuggestthecostcouldendupashighas$7perkilometer,manytimesaregulartaxifare.Thatmeans,evenwithoutapilot,flyingtaxismayremainaconvenience35onlytoaluckyfew.Let’sexpectplentymoreexperimentswithelectricaircraftintheyearsahead.21．A．cooperator B．petitor C．observer D．pioneer22．A．winddriven B．batterydriven C．gasdriven D．solardriven23．A．substitute B．shelter C．treatment D．desire24．A．regulate B．maintain C．unlock D．reverse25．A．pressure B．a(chǎn)ttack C．development D．repair26．A．underestimate B．update C．outpace D．overdo27．A．rigid B．a(chǎn)utonomous C．a(chǎn)ttentive D．illegal28．A．daring B．discouraging C．unclear D．ordinary29．A．technological B．unrealistic C．rewarding D．enthusiastic30．A．efficient B．simple C．lengthy D．intelligent31．A．putoff B．speedup C．objectto D．a(chǎn)pproveof32．A．historically B．technically C．theoretically D．economically33．A．thelearned B．thedisabled C．theseniors D．themasses34．A．Furthermore B．However C．Fortunately D．Consequently35．A．a(chǎn)ffordable B．valuable C．unbelievable D．unsuitable（2023上·上海·高三上海市建平中學(xué)?？计谥校㊣nMumbai,there’stheceaselessclamorofcarhomesasdriversedgethroughtraffic.There’spoundingandbuzzingfromtheconstructionofofficetowersandapartmentblocks.Drumbeatsandtrumpetmelodiesspilloutfromweddingsandcountlessfestivals.Andit’salltoppedoffbybellowing(大聲吼叫的)streetvendorsandgarbagetrucksblastingBollywoodsongs.LivinginMumbairequiresahuge36fornoise.WhenSumairaAbdulalibegancampaigningagainstnoisepollutioninIndia’sfinancialcapitaltwodecadesago,friends,acquaintancesandevenherlawyersinsisteditwas37.“Peopletoldmeit’sfoolishtoeventry,becauseIndianslovenoise,”shesays.“We’reanoisycountry.”Butin2003,Abdulaliwonalawsuitseekingto38environmentalrulesthathadallowedloudmusiclateintothenightduringafestival.39,thevictoryledtoabanonloudspeakerswithin100metersofschools,hospitals,courtsandplacesofworship.AndshehassincewonmorethanadozenotheractionsbothonherownandviatheAwaazFoundation(awaazmeans“noise”inHindi),whichshelaunchedin2006.TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatnoiseisatopthreattohuman40,affectingnotonlyhearingbutalsosleep,braindevelopmentandcardiovascularhealth.AbdulaliclaimsMumbaiistheworld’s41city.AstudyledbyRiteshVijay,anexpertfromIndia’sNationalEnvironmentalEngineeringResearchInstitute,didfindthatnoiselevelsinMumbaiandsurroundingareasin2020dramaticallyexceedlegallimits.Inrecentyears,thebattleagainstnoisehasbeeincreasingly42,withAbdulalioftenfacingpowerfulinterestswhoconsideritaninevitablebyproductofgrowth.Withincreasing43,evermorepeopleareexposedtocontinuousnoise.InarapidlyexpandingcitysuchasMumbai,withapopulationtopping12million,demandforhousingputsnoiserules44developmentplans.Althoughsoundbarriersarerequiredforconstructionprojects,they’reexpensive,sodevelopers45installingthem.Trafficisatougherproblem.Noiseontheroadcanreach110decibels(分貝)—alevelthatcanleadtopermanenthearingdamageafterjust15minutesofexposure,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Luckily,46canhelpinthefight,Vijaysays.Hesuggestsdevicesthatmeasurehornuse,whichwouldletofficialsoffer47driversrewardslikedeductions(扣除)oncarinsurance.Dynamicsignaling,wheresensorslinkedtostoplightsdetecttrafficdensity,wouldimprovevehicleflowand48

theurgetoresorttohorns,hesays.Localgovernmentalso49.Mumbaidecreed(頒布)India’sfirst“NoHonking”dayin2008,withpolicehandingoutbookletstoraiseawarenessabouttrafficnoiseandimposingfinesupto1,000rupees($12)onoffendingmotorists.Farmoreimportantisthelongertermimpactofthedaytodaynoise,sothat’swhereVijaybelievesactivistsshouldfocustheirenergy.“InIndiawecelebratefestivalswithlotsofnoise,”hesays.“Butour50noiseitselfisbeyondtheallowedlimit.”36．A．talent B．potential C．demand D．tolerance37．A．encouraging B．reasonable C．ridiculous D．depressing38．A．takeadvantageof B．putanendto C．layemphasison D．throwlighton39．A．Therefore B．Similarly C．Subsequently D．However40．A．wellbeing B．intelligence C．interaction D．behavior41．A．largest B．busiest C．loudest D．richest42．A．difficult B．successful C．diverse D．easy43．A．a(chǎn)vailability B．capitalization C．urbanization D．convenience44．A．inpacewith B．incontactwith C．inleaguewith D．inconflictwith45．A．remend B．justify C．resist D．a(chǎn)dvocate46．A．government B．technology C．finance D．psychology47．A．quiet B．brave C．safe D．a(chǎn)lert48．A．trigger B．satisfy C．reduce D．maintain49．A．stepsin B．takesover C．cutsin D．takesoff50．A．traffic B．construction C．ceremony D．background（2023·上海閔行·統(tǒng)考二模）Whatwillyoudowhenyouarehungry?Ofcourse,anyonewouldgoandgrabsomethingtoeat.Andthen,whatdeterminesthe51offoodyoutakein?Youmaynotberightifyouransweristhedegreeofhunger.Theconventionalconceptthat52isthekeyfactorisopentochallenge.Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintake(攝入)areinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesour53needforenergy.Someofthefactorsincludeoureating54andourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.Studieshaveshownthat55eating,forinstance,eatingwhilewatchingTV,orasimilardistraction,canincreasebothhungerandfoodconsumption.Evensimple56clues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshortterm57alsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people’shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey’dseeninfrontofthem—58,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.Thisdifferencesuggeststhattherecallofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonour59thantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.Thesefindingsagreewiththeearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimes60

ourbody’sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame380caloriemilkshakeontwo61occasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhungerrelatedhormones(荷爾蒙),dependingonwhethertheshake’s62

saiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeeling63whentheythoughtthey’dconsumedahighercaloriesshake.Whatdoesthismeantooureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltocheatourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenifitoffocusingonourfood,avoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.Thesocalledmindfuleatingstrategiescanfightagainst64whileweareeating.By65mindfuleatingtechniques,youhavetheopportunitytochangeyourcurrenteatinghabitsbybeingmoreselfawareandintunetoyourbody’shungercues.51．A．quality B．a(chǎn)mount C．nutrient D．variety52．A．deliciousness B．hunger C．nutrition D．flavor53．A．occasional B．potential C．external D．biological54．A．environment B．content C．time D．a(chǎn)bility55．A．habitual B．purposeful C．unfocused D．a(chǎn)bsorbed56．A．optional B．visual C．hidden D．flexible57．A．vacancy B．hunger C．supply D．memory58．A．inotherwords B．a(chǎn)sawhole C．byallmeans D．a(chǎn)llinall59．A．motive B．growth C．a(chǎn)ppetite D．health60．A．a(chǎn)dvocate B．trick C．justify D．enhance61．A．identical B．a(chǎn)lternative C．dependent D．separate62．A．label B．function C．usage D．material63．A．wiser B．healthier C．happier D．fuller64．A．distress B．waste C．distraction D．fullness65．A．employing B．perceiving C．clarifying D．a(chǎn)ssuming（2023·上海寶山·統(tǒng)考二模）Youhavetomakeaspeech.Youhavedoneyourresearchandnowhaveplentyofideasbouncingaroundinyourheadthatyouwanttogetacross.Thebig66youfaceatthispointishowtoorganizethosethoughts.Orperhapsyouareplanningtowriteapaper,andallyouhaveisthemaintopic.Youneedtobrainstormsomesupportingideasandthen67howthoseideasfittogether.Thesearejusttwocasesthatmanypeopledealwith68.Someuseoutliningtofleshoutand69theirideas,butisthatthebeststrategy?Ifeveryonethoughtinalinear(線性的)manner,thentheanswerwouldbeyes,butmostpeopledon’t.Entermindmapping,a70thatshowshowdifferentideasandfactsrelatetooneanother.Thistwodimensional(二維的)71isdesignedtohelpyourememberinformationbecauseitsformatiseasyforyourmindto72.Mindmapshaveproventoincreasenotonlyproductivityand73butalsomemory.Morethan250millionpeopleworldwideusethem,sowhydon’tyouhaveatryandseewhattheyareallabout?Whatisamindmap?Simplyput,itisone’sideasputintotheformofa74diagramthatstartswithacentralidea.Putthisideainabubble(氣泡)inthemiddleofapagewithlinesradiatingouttootherbubblesthatcontainrelatedthemesorconcepts.Itshouldlooklikeamanyleggedspider.Usewords,shortphrasesor75toexpressyourideas.Theseassociationsoftenleadtootherideasthatcanbeaddedatthesamelevelorinsmallerbrancheswhere76.Usecolorcodedbubblesforavisualrepresentationofeachbranch’s77.Youarenowmappingyourthoughtsandideasinthewayyourbrainthinks.Studieshaveshownthatthistechniqueofusingpictures,colorsandvisualarrangementhasimprovedpeople’srecallandmemoryofinformationby10to15percent.Butitdoesn’tstopthere.Creativityisarousedbecauseofthespatialarrangement,78peopletomakemorelinksandassociationsontopicsofanykind.79,itincreasesone’sproductivitybecausemindmappingmakesiteasiertolearnfasterwhilemunicatingmoreeffectively.Sowhetheryou’re80aprojectorwritingaresearchpaper,makethistechniqueacorepartofyourplanningprocess!66．A．purpose B．change C．question D．project67．A．turnout B．takeout C．giveout D．figureout68．A．consequently B．frequently C．entirely D．barely69．A．organize B．express C．share D．spread70．A．process B．foundation C．technique D．result71．A．route B．structure C．objective D．direction72．A．remember B．confirm C．draw D．design73．A．confidence B．capacity C．efficiency D．creativity74．A．vivid B．special C．visual D．normal75．A．images B．sentences C．passages D．languages76．A．obvious B．a(chǎn)ppropriate C．meaningful D．empty77．A．function B．extension C．connection D．determination78．A．encouraging B．enabling C．reminding D．informing79．A．Additionally B．Sincerely C．Briefly D．Generally80．A．inlovewith B．intermsof C．infavourof D．inchargeof（2023·上海金山·統(tǒng)考二模）ItisNobelPrizeweek,theoneweekeveryyearwhenpeoplefromallcornersoftheglobecelebratescience,readaboutribosomes(核糖體),andgivetheirbestshotattryingtounderstandparticlephysics.Itisalsotheoneweekwhenscienceisguaranteedsomeprimeheadlinespaceonmainstreamnewsoutlets.AndyetthescienceNobels(inmedicine,physics,andchemistry)presenta(n)81viewofscience.Theproblemstartswiththe82ofprizewinnersselectedeveryyear.TherulesgoverningtheNobelPrize83ittojustthreewinnersineachcategory.ThismeansthatforeverydiscoverythatisawardedaNobel,themajorityofcontributingscientistsendupbeing84.Asamatteroffact,sciencehasneverbeena(n)85effort.IsaacNewtonstoodonthe“shouldersofgiants”;NeilArmstrong’s“onesmallstep”wasadreamrealizedbyhundredsofthousandsofengineersandscientists.Scienceis,andalwayshasbeen,andrepetitiveprocesswhereindividualsdrawondiscoveriesmadebyothersto86advancetheboundariesofhumanknowledge.Yes,AlbertEinsteinfamouslywontheNobelPrizeallbyhimselfforapaperhealoneauthored,buthecouldnothavemadehisdiscoverieswithout87workbyMaxPlanck,JamesMaxwell,andseveralothers.Tomakemattersworse,typicaloftheNobelPrizes,noneofthe88wasafirstauthoronanyofthepublicationscitedbytheprizeannouncements.Thefirstauthorofascientificpaperistypicallythepersonwhodidthehandsonlaboratorywork,usuallyagra