2022年上海高考英語(yǔ)二輪講義第10講：時(shí)政新聞+閱讀理解C學(xué)案

2022年上海高考英語(yǔ)二輪講義

第10講：時(shí)政新聞+閱讀理解學(xué)生版

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1.了解時(shí)政內(nèi)容2.擴(kuò)充閱讀詞匯，增強(qiáng)理解能力；

引入：

Translation:

1.除非我們保持快速的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，否則我們無(wú)法縮小我國(guó)與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的差距。

(maintain)

2.雖然他已制訂了不玩游戲的目標(biāo)，我想他很難改掉這個(gè)壞習(xí)慣，因?yàn)樗蚓W(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲有癮。

(obsessively)

3.只要目的明確、努力工作，你所做的貢獻(xiàn)遲早會(huì)得到承認(rèn)。(recognize)

4.雖然目標(biāo)未達(dá)到，但是一個(gè)良好的基礎(chǔ)已經(jīng)奠定，因?yàn)槟茉垂?jié)約問題受到前所未有的關(guān)

注。(unprecedented)

5.為了迎合公眾的需求，室內(nèi)體育館將在老房子被拆遷掉的地方新建。(thepublic)

6.雖然做志愿者意味著沒有收入，但是就你從幫助別人中得到的滿足而言，這工作還是很

有價(jià)值的。(intermsof)

7.當(dāng)我成年時(shí)，我父母除了給我更多責(zé)任外,也給了我更多自由。(responsibilities)

8.如果他開不起玩笑，那么意味著別人開他玩笑時(shí)他會(huì)生氣。(joke)

9.湯姆付完賬單后，可開支的錢所剩無(wú)幾。(disposable)

10.如果你能領(lǐng)會(huì)老師給的有關(guān)即將來臨的測(cè)驗(yàn)的暗示，你肯定能考出好成績(jī)。(hints)

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Passage1

TheSeoulcitygovernmentsaidonTuesdayitwillcancelthelicenseoftheShincheonjiChurch

duetoitsresponsibilityinthelarge-scalespreadoftheCOVID-19inthecountry.According

tothelocalgovernment,Shincheonjiisbelievedtobeaccountableforthedamageitcaused

tothepublicandhasdecidedtorevokeitslegalentitylicensebylaw.Sofar,overhalfofthe

confirmedcasesinthecountryarerelatedtothereligiousgroup.

由于新天地教會(huì)導(dǎo)致新冠肺炎大規(guī)模傳播，首爾市政府周二表示將取締其執(zhí)照。據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)卣?

新天地教會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)承當(dāng)給公眾帶來傷害的責(zé)任并決定吊銷其執(zhí)法人執(zhí)照。截止到目前為止，韓

國(guó)過半的確診病例均與新天地教會(huì)有關(guān)

Vocabularyandusefulexpressions

?large-scalespread大規(guī)模傳播

?beaccountablefor對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)

?revoke撤回；取締；吊銷

?legalentitylicense合法人執(zhí)照

passage2

TheIranianhealthministeronThursdaysaidallschools,universitiesandeducationalinstitutions

willremaincloseduntilMarch20asthetotalnumberofconfirmedCOVID-19casesroseto3,513

inthecountry,IranianstateTVreported.

伊朗衛(wèi)生部門周四表示所有的中小學(xué)，大學(xué)及培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)將停課至3月20日。伊朗國(guó)家電視

臺(tái)報(bào)道伊朗境內(nèi)新冠肺炎確診數(shù)量已經(jīng)增加至3513例。

remaincloseduntilMarch20停課至3月20日

totalnumberof總數(shù)量為.…

知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：考題類型總結(jié)

閱讀理解?？碱}型和解題技巧歸納

1、主旨題

解題關(guān)鍵：

1）通讀全文，重視首段，注意每段第一句話（尤其是論述性或說明性文章）；

2）歸納文章的段落大意，把握文章總體；

3）（記敘文）重視重要情節(jié)、人物及事物特征；

4）注意觀察，找準(zhǔn)貫穿上下文的關(guān)鍵詞匯；

5）重視題干中的關(guān)鍵詞匯:mainidea,thebesttitle,thewritermainlywantstotell（or:

）

show0

2、推斷題

I.常見的推理判斷題的設(shè)問方式：

推測(cè)作者寫作目的或意圖的設(shè)題形式有：

1）Thepurposeinwritingthistextisto.

2）Theauthorwritesthispassageto.

3）Theauthorinthispassageintendsto.

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推測(cè)文章的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論的設(shè)題形式有：

1)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

2)Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

3)Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat.

推斷文章出處的設(shè)題形式有：

1)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom.

2)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

3)Thepassageismostlikelyapartof.

是非判斷題的設(shè)題方式：

1)whichofthefollowingis(not)trueorfalse?

2)Allofthefollowingstatementsarewrongexcept.

3)Allofthefollowingstatementsareright/trueexcept.

4)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage/text?

II.推理判斷題的推理原則---在文中有依據(jù)，但不能是原句，即為言外之意！細(xì)節(jié)類表述

非答案。

3、詞義推測(cè)題

考查根據(jù)材料背景和上下文等線索推測(cè)詞、句的確切含義的能力。這類試題包括對(duì)生詞

生義的推測(cè)、熟詞生義的推測(cè)、以及對(duì)it/they/them等代詞的確指對(duì)象的判斷等。

基本的技巧：

1.根據(jù)詞或詞組的指代對(duì)象確定其詞義

2.根據(jù)文段中出現(xiàn)的同義、近義或反義詞(詞組)的意思進(jìn)行判斷

3.根據(jù)下文的舉例或解釋推測(cè)詞義

4.根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷

5.根據(jù)同位結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行判斷

6.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行判斷

7.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜詞義

4、細(xì)節(jié)題

細(xì)節(jié)題的解題要點(diǎn)是一定要對(duì)應(yīng)到語(yǔ)篇中相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)句，找到問題的出處?！罢业郊醋龅健?/p>

是細(xì)節(jié)題的解題秘鑰。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)2:長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析最新經(jīng)典句

1.TheAmericaneconomicsystemis.organizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-

orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspending

theirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.

［參考譯文］美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)是以基本的私有企業(yè)和市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向經(jīng)濟(jì)為架構(gòu)的，在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)中，消費(fèi)

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者很大程度上通過在市場(chǎng)上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務(wù)付費(fèi)來決定什么應(yīng)該被制造出

來。

2.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupled

withthedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximize

theirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareused

toproduceit.

［參考譯文］因此，在美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中，個(gè)體消費(fèi)者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤(rùn)的欲望

和個(gè)人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結(jié)合，一起決定了什么應(yīng)該被制造，以及資源如何被用

來制造它們。

3.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswill

tendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnw川lowerthepriceand

permitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.

［參考譯文］另一方面，如果大量制造某種商品導(dǎo)致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加賣方和

制造商能提供的供給，而這也就會(huì)反過來降低價(jià)格并允許更多的消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品。

4.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlythe

ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodetermine

thepriceofaproductor??tomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.

［參考譯文］在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的概念不僅包含對(duì)生產(chǎn)資源的所有權(quán)，也指其他一些特

定的權(quán)利，如確定一個(gè)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和與另一個(gè)私人個(gè)體（經(jīng)濟(jì)單位）自由簽定合同的權(quán)利。

5.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployers

arethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.

Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.

［參考譯文］同時(shí)這些計(jì)算機(jī)記錄下哪些時(shí)間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相

應(yīng)地做出人員人事安排。而且它們（計(jì)算機(jī)）也能為促銷活動(dòng)找到那些擁有優(yōu)先權(quán)的顧客。

6.Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgas

andelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumers

throughtheuseofcomputers.

［參考譯文］不計(jì)其數(shù)的其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，從劇院到雜志出版商，從公用燃?xì)怆娏υO(shè)施到牛奶處

理廠，都通過計(jì)算機(jī)的使用給消費(fèi)者帶來更好、更有效率的服務(wù)。

7.ExceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameageFor

thesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedto

thosedifferences.

［參考譯文］殘疾兒童在許多關(guān)鍵方面都與其同齡人不同。為了讓這些孩子發(fā)展其全部的成人

后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應(yīng)這些不同。

8.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepast

three??decadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheir

special??conditions,deserve??theopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

［參考譯文］在過去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對(duì)殘疾兒童的巨大關(guān)注表明了我們社會(huì)中

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的一種中強(qiáng)烈的情緒，那就是所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應(yīng)享有充分發(fā)展其能力

的機(jī)會(huì)。

9.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,thereby

establishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexport

at??competitiveprices.

［參考譯文］它（廣告）能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價(jià)格被迅速分銷出去，因此可以（使公司）

建立一個(gè)堅(jiān)固的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，同時(shí)也使以具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格提供出口變得可能。

10.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,

noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhis

advertisements.

［參考譯文］除去議會(huì)有27件法案來規(guī)范廣告的條件，沒有任何一個(gè)正式的廣告商敢于推銷

一種商品卻不能兌現(xiàn)其在廣告中的承諾。

（2）解題思路

能力培養(yǎng)一如何提高閱讀速度

理解的正確率和速度是閱讀成敗的關(guān)鍵，提高英語(yǔ)閱讀速度可從以下幾方面入手：

1、統(tǒng)覽全篇摘要點(diǎn)

閱讀理解是對(duì)整個(gè)文章的目的、意圖、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、態(tài)度以及內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系的理解,

而不是斷章取義的一孔之見。在統(tǒng)覽全篇的同時(shí)要注意要點(diǎn)的摘錄，因?yàn)橐恍╋@性的答案是

可以從要點(diǎn)中直接回答，而隱性的答案則是要通過對(duì)全篇的理解才能得出。統(tǒng)覽全篇，摘錄

要點(diǎn)亦有利于檢查時(shí)節(jié)省時(shí)間。

2、注重長(zhǎng)難句理解

遇到長(zhǎng)句、復(fù)雜句，如果分析好句子成分，找到中心句、關(guān)鍵詞、指代詞等，這個(gè)問題

就會(huì)被很好地解決。難句多為長(zhǎng)句，即主從復(fù)合句、主從并列復(fù)合句或者從句中有多種形式

的定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)伴有倒裝、省略等現(xiàn)象。長(zhǎng)句中通常包含并列、復(fù)合、倒裝等結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)

于這類句子要分清主次，先找主干。

例如：Parentswhosechildrenshowaspecialinterestinaparticularsporthaveadifficult

decisiontomakeabouttheirchildren'scareer.

先找出本句的主、謂、賓為.再找出修飾語(yǔ)"whosechildrenshow

aspecialinterestinaparticularsport"為的定語(yǔ)從句，形容詞"difficult”修

飾,"tomakeabouttheirchildren'scareers"為不定式和介詞短語(yǔ)做

的定語(yǔ)。經(jīng)過分析，化整為零，化繁為簡(jiǎn)，此句就不難理解了。

3、分門別類識(shí)文體

閱讀速度與其話題有很大的關(guān)系。如果話題是自己熟悉的內(nèi)容，閱讀速度自然加快；反

之，如果話題如果陌生，閱讀速度便會(huì)很慢。所以擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面，多掌握一些文化背景知識(shí),

了解當(dāng)今英語(yǔ)國(guó)家歷史文化、人物傳記、科技教育等方面的社會(huì)知識(shí)對(duì)提高閱讀速度是極其

重要的。

不同文體閱讀的要求與方法不盡相同。記敘文閱讀主要抓四大要素,即時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人

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物和事件的起因、發(fā)展和結(jié)果，以及人物之間的關(guān)系、表現(xiàn)，從中分析他們思想品質(zhì)、性格

特征等；遁這是闡明作者對(duì)人或事的好壞的立場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn)，因此在閱讀時(shí)必須正確把握文章的

論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)，理清論證思路，再進(jìn)行邏輯推理得出結(jié)論；應(yīng)用文是最貼近日常生活的文體，

它包括通知、廣告、便條、申請(qǐng)書、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷，形式多樣，題材各異，如圖示、表格、地址、

網(wǎng)址等，對(duì)這類文體的閱讀應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章內(nèi)容。

4、利用詞綴猜詞意

高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教學(xué)基本要求規(guī)定：學(xué)生能根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義，并能不借助詞典讀懂含

有3%生詞的語(yǔ)言材料。換言之，這就是促使知識(shí)內(nèi)化的過程，要通過知識(shí)內(nèi)化將內(nèi)隱的心

理活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為外顯的行為。

根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞意：

前綴un-表反義詞，如happy、unhappy,fair、unfair,important、unimportant等。

后綴表名詞，如、、

-mentdevelopdevelopment,statesstatement,argueargument

等。

后綴、或表同源名詞，如、、

-er-or-istcalculatecalculator,visitvisitor,lawxlawyer,

waitswaiter,science、scientist,art、artist等。

5、限時(shí)訓(xùn)練不可少

任何一種技能的獲得都必須經(jīng)過大量的實(shí)踐練習(xí)。在平時(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中，要注重進(jìn)行限

時(shí)閱讀訓(xùn)練，在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中有意識(shí)地鍛煉自己的閱讀速度。

另外，在做題時(shí)，從整體上把握、控制時(shí)間：一兩處沒弄懂的地方可以暫時(shí)擱置一邊，

等把全部題答完了，再回過頭來處理，往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的思路和新的靈感。

1,天文與科技

(C)

Agroupofcollegestudentsishopingtoplaceasatellitepoweredonlybywaterintoan

。做(軌道)aroundthemoon.

ThestudentsarefromCornellUniversityinthestateofNewYork.Theyaretakingpart

inacompetitioncalledtheCubeQuestChallenge.ItisaprogramofNASA,theAmerican

spaceagency.TheCornellteamiscalledtheCisLunarExplorers.Thewordcislunarmeans

"betweentheearthandthemoon.”

Thechallengeissimple:todesign,buildanddeliver"light-qualified,smallsatellites."

NASAofficialssaythesatellitesmustbeabletoperform"advancedoperationsnearand

beyondthemoon.”

Tenteamsaretakingpartinthecompetition.ButtheCisLunarExplorersatellitesare

different.Theyaretheonlyonesusingwatertopowertheirspacecraft.

Theideaforawater-poweredvehiclecamefromMasonPeck,whoworksatCornell

University.HeonceworkedasNASA1schieftechnologist.Hehasalwayswantedtouse

somethingotherthanrocketstopushspacecraftbeyondearth."Alotofthemasswesend

intoorbitthesedaysisintheformofrockets--theonlywaywegetanythingintospace/*

hesaid,inaCornellpressrelease.uButwhatifwecouldusewhat'salreadythere?Ifwe

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coulddothat,ifwecouldre-fuelspacecraftwhiletheyarealreadyinspace..

ThespacecraftisshapedliketheEnglishletterL.Itmeasuresabout30centimetersin

length,andthetwopiecesareconnected.Waterisstoredinthelowerpartofthesatellite.

Thesunwillseparatethewaterintotwoelements:hydrogenandoxygen.Whenonecombines

hydrogenandoxygenwithaspark(火花),anexplosionresults.Thisprovidesaforward

movement,knownasthrust.

TheCisLunarExplorerteamhasanunusualwaytoguideitsspacecraft.Theideaisto

copyhowold-timesailorsusedthemoon,sunandstarstofixtheirpositionontheoceans.

Thesatelliteisequippedwithcameras.Thecameraswilltakepicturesofthesun,theearth

andthemoonandcomparetheirpositionsandtheirsizes.Basedonwherethesun,moon

andearthareatanygiventime,theCisLunarExplorerswilldothemathematicstofindtheir

position.

Thecompetitionisbeingheldinfourparts.TheCornellteamhasbeenamongthetop

threecompetitorsduringpartsoneandtwo.Thewinnersofthethirdstagewillbeannounced

inaboutamonth.Thefinalthreewinnerswillbeannouncedinearly2017.Theywillgetto

rideonNASAsspacelaunchsysteminearly2018.

63.Theessentialpartofthecompetition"theCubeQuestChallengeis.

A.tolaunchasatellitetotakeawateryflighttothemoon

B.todesign,buildanddeliverasmallandflight-qualifiedsatellite

C.toplaceasatellitepoweredonlybywaterintoanorbitaroundthemoon

D.tomakethesatelliteperformadvancedoperationsnearandbeyondthemoon

64.WhatdoesMasonPeckwanttodoatCornellUniversityaccordingtothepassage?

A.Tostopusingrocketsforthesakeofsafety.

B.Tousesomethingalreadyinspaceaspower.

C.Totryusingwaterinspacetopushspacecraft.

D.Todesignawater-poweredvehicletopushspacecraft.

65.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.

A.thereisalotofrubbishofrocketsandsatellitesintheorbitthesedays

B.awater-poweredsatellitewillsoonbesentintotheorbitaroundthemoon

C.theexplosionofthecombinationofhydrogenandoxygenprovidespower

D.theteammembersoftheCisLunarExplorersarethestudentsofMasonPeck

66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ASpacecraftPoweredbyWater

B.AWater-PoweredFlighttotheMoon

C.ACompetitionforWater-PoweredSatellite

D.ADesignofWater-PoweredSpaceJourney

(C)

OnDecember14,NASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpace)blastedasmallbutmighty

telescopeintospace.ThetelescopeiscalledWISEandisaboutaswidearoundasatrashcan.

Don'tletitssmallsizefoolyou:WISEhasapowerfuldigitalcamera,anditwillbetaking

picturesofsomethewildestobjectsintheknownuniverse,includingasteroids,faintstars,

blazinggalaxies3andgiantcloudsofdustwhereplanetsandstarsarebom.

'Tmveryexcitedbecausewe'regoingtobeseeingpartsoftheuniversethatwehaven't

7

seenbefore,"saidNedWright,ascientistwhodirectstheWISEproject.

Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEtelescopehasbeencirclingtheEarth,heldbygravityina

polarorbit（thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap（一圈）.Its

cameraispointedoutward,awayfromtheEarth,andWISEwillsnapapictureofadifferent

partoftheskyevery11minutes.Aftersixmonthsitwillhavetakenpicturesacrosstheentire

sky.

ThepicturestakenbyWISEwon'tbelikeeverydaydigitalphotographs,however.WISE

standsfor"Wide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer.nAsitsnamesuggests,theWISEcamera

takespicturesoffeaturesthatgiveoffinfraredradiation.

Radiationisenergythattravelsasawave.Visiblelight,includingthefamiliarspectrumof

Light（光譜）thatbecomesvisibleinarainbow,isanexampleofradiation.Whenanordinary

digitalcameratakesapictureofatree,forexample,itreceivesthewavesofvisiblelightthat

arereflectedoffthetree.Whenthesewavesenterthecamerathroughthelens,they're

processedbythecamera,whichthenputstheimagetogether.

Wavesofinfraredradiationarelongerthanwavesofvisiblelight,soordinarydigital

camerasdon'tseethem,andneitherdotheeyesofhumanbeings.Althoughinvisibletothe

eye,longerinfraredradiationcanbedetectedaswarmthbytheskin.

That'sakeyideatowhyWISEwillbeabletoseethingsothertelescopescan't.

Noteverythingintheuniverseshowsupinvisiblelight.Asteroids,forexample,aregiant

rocksthatfloatthroughspace-buttheyabsorbmostofthelightthatreachesthem.They

don'treflectlight,sothey'redifficulttosee.Buttheydogiveoffinfraredradiation,soan

infraredtelescopelikeWISEwillbeabletoproduceimagesofthem.DuringitsmissionWISE

willtakepicturesofhundredsofthousandsofasteroids.

Browndwarfs（褐矮星）areanotherkindofdeep-spaceobjectthatwillshowupinWISE's

pictures.Theseobjectsare"failed"stars-whichmeanstheyarenotmassiveenoughto

jumpstart9thesamekindofreactionsthatpowerstarssuchasthesun.Instead,browndwarfs

simplyshrinkandcooldown.They'resodimthatthey'realmostimpossibletoseewithvisible

light,butintheinfraredspectrumtheyglow.

74.WhatissospecialaboutWISE?

A.Itsdigitalcameracanhelpastronomerstoseetheunknownspace.

BItisassmallasatrashcan.

C.Itissmallinsizebutcarriesalargecamera.

DNeverbeforehasatelescopecarriedadigitalcamerainspace.

75.ThecameraonWISE.

A.isnodifferentfromanordinarycamera.

B.doesnotseeinfraredradiationwhiletheordinarycameradoes.

C.catchestheinfraredradiationwhiletheordinarycameradoesnot.

D.reflectslightthathumaneyescansee.

76.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectabouf'asteroids"accordingtoparagraph7?

A.Asteroidsdonotreflectlightthatreachesthem.

B.Asteroidsfloatthroughspacegivingoffvisiblelight.

C.Itisdifficulttotakeasteroids'picturesbyordinarycameras.

D.TheWISEtelescopecantakepicturesofasteroids

8

77.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?

A.Browndwarfsgiveoffvisiblelight.

B.Browndwarfsarepowerstarslikethesun.

C.Browndwarfsgiveoffinfraredradiation.

D.BrowndwarfsareimpossibletoseewiththeWISEtelescope.

2,經(jīng)濟(jì)類

(C)

(1)Whatdoesitsayaboutthefutureofmeatwhenthecountry*slargestprocessor

ofchicken,pork,andbeefbuysastake(月殳份)inastart-upthataimsto"perfectlyreplace

animalproteinwithplantprotein"?

(2)TysonFoodsannouncedthisweekthatitpurchaseda5percentstakeinBeyond

Meat,theSouthernCalifornia-basedfood-techstart-upthatmadeheadlinesearlierthisyear

withitsveggieburgerthatreportedlycooksandtasteslikerealbeef.

(3)Tobesure,BeyondMeat1smeatlesscreationshaveyettotakethecountryby

storm.Althoughthe100percentplant-basedburgershaveachievedplentyofpositivepress

sincetheyappearedforthefirsttimeinMay,sofarthey*reonlyavailableatWholeFoods

storesinsevenstates.Eventhoughthecompany's"chicken"strips,"beef"pies,and

meatlessfrozendinnersareavailablenationwide,BeyondMeatishardlyahouseholdname.

(4)ThatmaybewhatmakesthenewsofTyson1sinvestmentallthemorenoteworthy.

Whilethetwocompaniesdeclinedtogivedetailsaboutthedeal,itisdoubtfulthatTyson's

5percentstakemademuchofdent(凹陷)inthemeatgianfscoffers(金庫(kù)).Thecompany

posted$41.4billioninsaleslastyear,priortothedealwithTyson,BeyondMeathad

reportedlyraised$64millioninprojectcapitalfunding-aboutwhatTysonearnsbeforelunch

onanygivenday.

(5)Tysonisdoingprettygreat.Thecompanyreportedrecordthird-quarterearnings

pershareinAugustandsaysthatitexpectsoverallmeatproductiontoincrease2to3percent

duringthenextfinancialyear.Butlikeabigoilcompanyshellingoutcashtoinvestinwind

power,Tyson'stoe-in-the-watermovetoteamupwithastart-updevotedtobringing

moreplant-basedproteintoAmericandinnertablesseemstosuggestthemeatindustryis

startingtoseewhichwaythewindsareblowing.

(6)Salesofplant-basedprotein,whichtotaledanestimated$5billionlastyear,

continuetopalecomparedwithmarketformeatinAmerica-butvegetarianalternativesto

meatarebooming,withsalesgrowingatmorethandoubletherateforfoodproductsoverall.

Thesteadydrumbeatofnewsaboutthenegativehealthimpacts,environmentalproblems,

andanimalwelfareconcernsassociatedwithmeatconsumptionappearstobesinkingin.

AccordingtoasurveyreleasedinApril,morethanhalfAmericanssurveyedsaidtheyplanto

eatmoreplant-basedfoodsinthecomingyear.

9

63.BeyondMeat'sveggieburgermadeheadlinesprobablybecause.

A.itmakesperfectuseofanimalprotein

B.ituseshightechinthemakingprocess

C.ittastesasgoodasagenuinebeefburger

D.itrepresentsthediettrendinSouthCalifornia

64.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEregardingthestateofBeyondMeat?

A.Itisthecreatorofthecountry1sfirst100percentplant-basedburgers.

B.Ithasbeenwellreceivedasitsproductsareavailablenationwide.

C.ItisfarfrombeingamatchtorealfoodprocessinggiantslikeTyson.

D.Itprovideshigh-qualitydiningexperienceinselectedWholeFoodsstores.

65.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.ThepurchaseofthestakebarelycostsathingforTyson.

B.The5percentstakeinBeyondMeatmeansalottoTyson.

C.Tyson1sinvestmenthasn'tcaughttheattentionofthemediaasexpected

D.Tysonisrelyingonthisinvestmenttoraisemoreprojectcapitalfunding.

65.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Meatwillstilltakeoverthemarketinspiteofotheralternatives

B.AmajorAmericanmeatcompanyisbettingonplant-basedprotein

C.TysonandBeyondMeatworktogethertobuildaglobalmeatgiant.

D.Plantshavebeenfoundtocontainproteinthatdoesmoregoodtohumanbeings

（C）

Forthemostpart,itseems,workersinrichcountrieshavelittletofearfromglobalization,

andalottogain.Butisthesamethingtrueforworkersinpoorcountries?Theansweristhat

theyareevenmorelikelythantheirrich-countrycounterparts（地位相當(dāng)?shù)娜耍﹖obenefit,

becausetheyhavelesstoloseandmoretogain.

Traditionaleconomicstakesanoptimisticlineonintegration（整合）andthedeveloping

countries.Opennesstoforeigntradeandinvestmentshouldencouragecapitaltoflowto

pooreconomies.Inthedevelopingworld,capitalisscarce,sothereturnsoninvestmentthere

shouldbehigherthanintheindustrializedcountries,wherethebestopportunitiestomake

moneybyaddingcapitaltolabourhavealreadybeenusedup.Ifpoorcountrieslowertheir

barrierstotradeandinvestment,thetheorygoes,richforeignerswillwanttosendoversome

oftheircapital.

Ifthisinflowofresourcesarrivesintheformofloansorportfolioinvestment

itwilltopupdomesticsavingsandloosenthefinancialrestrictiononadditionalinvestment

bylocalcompanies.Ifitarrivesintheformofnewforeign-controlledoperations,FDI,somuch

thebetter:thiskindofcapitalbringstechnologyandskillsfromabroadpackagedalongwith

it,withlessfinancialriskaswell.Ineithercase,theadditiontoinvestmentoughttopush

10

incomesup,partlybyraisingthedemandforlabourandpartlybymakinglabourmore

productive.

ThisiswhyworkersinFDI-receivingcountriesshouldbeinanevenbetterpositionto

profitfromintegrationthanworkersinFDI-sendingcountries.Also,withorwithoutinflowsof

foreigncapital,thesamegainsfromtradeshouldapplyindevelopingcountriesasinrich

ones.Thisgainsfromtradelogicoftenarousessuspicion,becausethebenefitsseemtocome

fromnowhere.Surelyonesideortheothermustlose.Notso.Thebenefitsthatarichcountry

getsthroughtradedonotcomeattheexpenseofitspoorcountrytradingpartners,orvice

versa.Recallthataccordingtothetheory,tradeisapositivesumgame.Inallthesetrades,

bothsides—exportersandimporters,borrowersandlenders,shareholdersandworkerscan

gain.

74.Whyareworkersinpoorcountriesmorelikelytobenefitfromtheprocessofglobalization?

A.Theycangetmorechancestogainagoodjob.

B.Theycangetmorefinancialaid.

C.Theyhavenothingtolose.

D.Theyhavelesstoloseandmoretogain.

75.Whatcanbethefinalresultoftheinflowoftheresource?

A.Itwilltopupdomesticsavings.

B.Itwillloosenthefinancialrestriction.

C.Itwillpushpeople'sincomesup.

D.Itwillbringtechnologyandskillsfromabroad.

76.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?

A.Poorcountriesgetthemostprofitduringtheprocessoftrade.

B.Richcountriesgetprofitfromtradeatpoorcountries1expense.

C.Poorcountriesgetmoreprofitfromtradethanrichones.

D.Allaspectsinvolvedinthetradecangetbenefit.

77.Whichcanbethemostappropriatetitleforthispassage?

A.BenefitedorHurtB.WhoBenefitstheMost

C.HelpingthePoorD.TheInflowofResources

3,人文與文學(xué)

(C)

Spain1sLiteraryGenius

Fourcenturiesago,theauthorofoneofthegreatestcomediccharactersintheworld

literaturetookhislastbreath.MigueldeCervantes(1547-1616),theauthorofDonQuixote,

istotheSpanishwhatShakespeareistotheEnglishandDanteistoItalians-anationalliterary

icon.

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Cervantes'bookisstillappreciatedtoday,hundredsofyearsafteritspublication,

becauseifsawonderfullytruthfulcomedy.DonQuixote,likehumanbeingsgenerally,has

greatdifficultydistinguishingrealityfromimagination.Readersmaylaughathisstrange

behavior,butwhenwelaugh,welaughwithrecognition.

ThebookrecordstheadventuresofAlonsoQuijano,anolderSpanishgentlemanwho

lovesromancenovels.Intruth,hereadsfartoomanyromances,andtheyhaveaffectedhis

mind.Quijanoissomixedupthathedecidesthathemustbecomeaknighthimself.Imagine

acomicbookfanwhodecidestodressupasasuperherotofightcrime,andyou*IIgetthe

picture.

Settingthescene

AlonsoQuijanoreinventshimselfas“DonQuixotedeLaMancha",anaristocratic（貴

族的）namethatsuitshisambitionofbeingaknight.Next,sinceeveryknightneedsahorse,

hefindshimselfanoldonenamedRocinante.ButRocinanteisnotexactlycutoutforlifeas

aknight1shorse.He'stiredfromyearsoffarmwork.He'sunlikelytobeofmuchhelpin

anyfightagainstanenemy.

TheheroesintheromancesQuijanoreadsallhadaladytolove.Theywerehighborn,

liketheknightsthemselves.QuijanochoosesAldonzaLorenzo,afarmer,sdaughter,tobe

hisbeloved.Shebecomes"DulcineadelTobosoM,or"thesweetwomanofToboso".

HowdoesAldonzafeelaboutQuijano1sattentions?Shedoesn'tfeelmuchatall,actually.

AldonzaisyetanotherbyproductofQuijano*simagination,likesomanythings.

Findingasidekick

NowcomesCervantes1secondgreatcreation:SanchoPanza.Onceservantin

Quijano'shouse,Panzaispromotedtotheroleofsquire（隨從），becauseeveryself-

respectingknightneedsasquire.Panzahasasensibleheadonhisshoulders,andheisafoil

（襯托）tohisfoolishmaster.

Thepairfacesmanyadventures,butnoneareasheroicasaknight'sshouldbe.We

laugh,ratherthancry,asweread.Quijanotriestoactonbehalfofjustice,buthedoesn't

oftensucceed.

Cervantes1novelinspiredawordthatsumsupQuijano'sromanticnature:

“quixotic”.InEn