土木工程專業(yè)常用英語詞匯

朽木易折，金石可鏤。千里之行，始于足下。第頁/共頁土木工程專業(yè)常用英語詞匯第一節(jié)普通術(shù)語3.房屋建造工程buildingengineering

4.土木工程civilengineering

除房屋建造外，為新建、改建或擴(kuò)建各類工程的建造物、構(gòu)筑物和相關(guān)配套設(shè)施等所舉行的勘察、計(jì)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、施工、安裝和維護(hù)等各項(xiàng)技術(shù)工作和完成的工程實(shí)體。

5.馬路工程highwayengineering

10.建造物（構(gòu)筑物）constructionworks

房屋建造或土木工程中的單項(xiàng)工程實(shí)體。

11.結(jié)構(gòu)structure

12.基礎(chǔ)foundation

13.地基foundationsoil;subgrade;subbase;ground

14.木結(jié)構(gòu)timberstructure

16.鋼結(jié)構(gòu)steelstructure

17.混凝土（砼）結(jié)構(gòu)concretestructure

18.特種工程結(jié)構(gòu)specialengineeringstructure

22.馬路highway

24.高速馬路freeway

27.鐵路（鐵道）railway;railroad

28.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軌距鐵路standardgaugerailway

29.寬軌距鐵路broadgaugerailway

第四節(jié)橋、涵洞和隧道術(shù)語

1.橋bridge

2.簡支梁橋simplesupportedgirderbridge

3.延續(xù)梁橋continuousgirderbridge

5.斜拉（斜張）橋cablestayedbridge

6.懸索（吊）橋suspensionbridge

7.桁架橋trussedbridge

9．剛構(gòu)（剛架）橋rigidframebridge

10．拱橋archbridge

13．正交橋rightbridge

14．斜交橋skewbridge

16．高架橋viaduct

17．正（主）橋mainspan

18．引橋approachspan

19．彎橋curvedbridge

21．馬路鐵路兩用橋combinedbridge;highwayandrailwaytransitbridge

25．橋跨結(jié)構(gòu)（上部結(jié)構(gòu)）bridgesuperstructure

26．橋面系bridgefloorsystem

27．橋支座bridgebearing;bridgesupport

28．橋下部結(jié)構(gòu)bridgesubstructure

29．索塔（橋塔）bridgetower

30．橋臺abutment

31．橋墩pier

32．涵洞culvert

第六節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件和部件術(shù)語

1．構(gòu)件member

2．部件component;assemblyparts

3．截面section

4．梁beam;girder

5．拱arch

6．板slab;plate

8．柱column

10．桁架truss

11．框架frame

12．排架bentframe

13．剛架（剛構(gòu)）rigidframe

14．簡支梁simplysupportedbeam

15．懸臂梁cantileverbeam

16．兩端固定梁beamfixedatbothends

17．延續(xù)梁continuousbeam

19．樁pile

20．板樁sheetpile

34.鋼軌rail

第七節(jié)地基和基礎(chǔ)術(shù)語

1.擴(kuò)展(擴(kuò)大)基礎(chǔ)spreadfoundation

2.剛性基礎(chǔ)rigidfoundation

3.自立基礎(chǔ)singlefooting

4.聯(lián)合基礎(chǔ)combinedfooting

5.條形基礎(chǔ)stripfoundation

6.殼體基礎(chǔ)shellfoundation

7.箱形基礎(chǔ)boxfoundation

8.筏形基礎(chǔ)raftfoundation

9.樁基礎(chǔ)pilefoundation

10.沉井基礎(chǔ)opencaissonfoundation

11.管柱基礎(chǔ)cylinderpilefoundation;cylindercaissonfoundation

12.沉箱基礎(chǔ)caissonfoundation

1.可靠性reliability

2.安全性safety

3.適用性serviceability

4.耐久性durability

5.基本變量basicvariable

6.設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)期designreferenceperiod

7.可靠概率probabilityofsurvival

8.失效概率probabilityoffailure

9.可靠指標(biāo)reliabilityindex

12.概率設(shè)計(jì)法probabilisticmethod

13.容許應(yīng)力設(shè)計(jì)法permissible(allowable)stressesmethod

14.破壞強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)法ultimatestrengthmethod

15.極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)法limitstatesmethod

16.極限狀態(tài)limitstates

17.極限狀態(tài)方程limitstateequation

18.承載能力極限狀態(tài)ultimatelimitstates

19.正常使用極限狀態(tài)serviceabilitylimitstates

20.分項(xiàng)系數(shù)partialsafetyfactor

21.設(shè)計(jì)情況designsituation

22.持久情況persistentsituation

23.短暫情況transientsituation

24.偶爾情況accidentalsituation

1.作用action

2.荷載load

3.線分布力forceperunitlength

4.面分布力forceperunitarea

5.體分布力forceperunitvolume

6.力矩momentofforce

7.永遠(yuǎn)作用permanentaction

8.可變作用variableaction

9.偶爾作用accidentalaction

10．固定作用fixedadtion

11．自由(可動)作用.Freeaction

12.靜態(tài)作用staticaction

13.動態(tài)作用dynamicaction

14.多次重復(fù)作用repeatedaction;cyclicaction

16.自重selfweight

17.施工荷載siteload

18.土壓力earthpressure

19.溫度作用temperatureaction

20.地震作用earthquakeaction

22．風(fēng)荷載windload

23．風(fēng)振windvibration

24.雪荷載snowload

27．橋（橋梁）荷載loadonbridge

28．橋（橋梁）恒荷載deadloadonbridge

29．橋（橋梁）活荷載liveloadonbridge

30．馬路車輛荷載標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Standardhighwayvehicleload

31．中國鐵路標(biāo)準(zhǔn)活載StandardRailwayLiveLoad

SpecifiedbythePeople’s

RepublicofChina

44．作用代表值representativevalueofanaction

45．作用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值characteristicvalueofanaction

46．作用準(zhǔn)永遠(yuǎn)值quasi-permanentvalueofanaction

47．作用組合值combinationvalueofactions

48．作用分項(xiàng)系數(shù)partialsafetyfactorforaction

49．作用設(shè)計(jì)值designvalueofanaction

50．作用組合值系數(shù)coeffcientforcombinationvalueofactions

51．作用效應(yīng)effectsofactions

52．作用效應(yīng)系數(shù)coefficientofeffectsofactions

53．軸向力normalforce\axialforce

54．剪力shearforce

55．彎矩bendingmoment

57．扭矩torque

58．應(yīng)力stress

59．正應(yīng)力normalstress

60．剪應(yīng)力shearstress;tangentialstress

61．主應(yīng)力principalstress

62．預(yù)應(yīng)力prestress

63．位移displacement

64．撓度deflection

65．變形deformation

66．彈性變形elasticdeformation

67．塑性變形plasticdeformation

70．應(yīng)變strain

71．線應(yīng)變linearstrain

72．剪應(yīng)變shearstrain;tangentialstrain

73．主應(yīng)變principalstrain

74．作用效應(yīng)組合combinationforactioneffects

75．作用效應(yīng)基本組合fundamentalcombinationforactioneffects

77．短期效應(yīng)組合combinationforshort-termactioneffects

78．持久效應(yīng)組合combinationforlong-termactioneffects

79．設(shè)計(jì)限值limitingdesignvalue

1．抗力resistance

2．強(qiáng)度strength

3．抗壓強(qiáng)度compressivestrength

4．抗拉強(qiáng)度tensilestrength

5．抗剪強(qiáng)度shearstrength

6．抗彎強(qiáng)度flexuralstrength

7．屈服強(qiáng)度yieldstrength

8．疲勞強(qiáng)度fatiguestrength

9．極限應(yīng)變ultimatestrain

10．彈性模量modulusofelasticity

11.剪變模量shearmodulus

12．變形模量modulusofdeformation

13．泊松比Poissonratio

14．承載能力bearingcapacity

15．受壓承載能力compressivecapacity

16．受拉承載能力tensilecapacity

17．受剪承載能力shearcapacity

18．受彎承載能力flexuralcapacity

19．受扭承載能力torsionalcapacity

20．疲勞承載能力fatiguecapacity

21．剛度stiffness;rigidity

22．抗裂度crackresistance

23．極限變形ultimatedeformation

24．穩(wěn)定性stability

26．脆性破壞brittlefailure

27．延性破壞ductilefailure

30．材料性能分項(xiàng)系數(shù)partialsafetyfactorforpropertyofmaterial。

31．材料性能設(shè)計(jì)值designvalueofapropertyofamaterial

1．截面高度heightofsection;depthofsection

2．截面寬度breadthofsection

3．截面厚度thicknessofsection

4．截面直徑diameterofsection

5．截面周長perimeterofsection

6．截面面積areaofsection

7．截面面積矩firstmomentofarea

8．截面慣性矩secondmomentofarea;momentofinertia

9．截面極慣性矩polarsecondmomentofarea;polarmomentofinertia

10．截面模量（抵御矩）sectionmodulus

12．偏心矩eccentricity

13．偏心率relativeecdentricity

14．長度length。

15．跨度span

16．矢高rise

17．長細(xì)比slendernessratio

21．路面寬度widthofsubgrade

24．軌矩ga