甲狀腺腫英文知識(shí)課件

Englishknowledgecoursewareforgoiter目錄CONTENCTOverviewofgoiterTheecologyofgoiterSymptomsanddiagnosisofgoiterTreatmentofgoiterPreventionandhealthcareofgoiter01OverviewofgoiterGoiterisaswingingofthetropicalland,commonlycausedbyaniodinedeficiencyorautoimmuneconditionItcanleadtoarangeofsymptoms,includingafeelingofabumpintheneck,diversityswitching,andchangesinvoiceDefinitionofgoiterBenignschedulesMalignantschedulesClassificationofthyroidnodulesThesearenoncancerousgrowthsthatusuallydonotcauseanysymptomsandrequirenotreatmentThesearecancergrowthsthatmayrequiresurgeryandothertreatmentoptionstoremoveandpreventspread0102EpiologyofgoiterItcanalsobecausedbyautoimmuneconditions,geneticfactors,andradiationexposureGoiterismorecommoninareaswhereiodineintakeislow,suchasmountainousregionsandcoastalareas02TheecologyofgoiterIodineisanessentialtraceelementforthesynthesisofthyroidhormones,whichregulatesthebody'sgrowthanddevelopmentIodinedeficiencycanleadtothyroiddysfunctionandgoiterdevelopmentduetothelackofsufficientiodinesupplytothethyroidglandThemostcommoncauseofiodinedeficiencyisinadequateiodineintakethroughdieorwaterIodinedeficiencyisvalidinareaswithlowiodinecontentinsoilandwater,leadingtoinsufficientiodineintakebythepopulationIodinedeficiencyGeneticfactorscanalsocontributetothedevelopmentofgoiterbyaffectingthefunctionofthethyroidglandGeneticmutationscanleadtochangesinthestructureorfunctionofproteinsinvolvedinthyroidhormonesynthesisorregulationGenetictestingcanhelpidentifyindividualsatriskofdevelopinggoalsduetogeneticpreparation,allowingforearlydiagnosisandtreatmentSomeindividualsmayinheritageneticpredispositiontothyroiddysfunction,whichmayincreasetheirriskofdevelopinggoersGeneticfactorsOtherfactorsthatcancontributetothedevelopmentofgoiterincludingenvironmentaltoxins,radiationexposure,andcentralmedicineSomeenvironmentaltoxinscandisruptthyroidhormonesynthesisorregulation,leadingtothyroiddysfunctionandgoiterdevelopmentRadiationexposure,suchasfromnuclearaccountantsormedicalprocedures,candamagethethyroidglandandleadtogoiterdevelopmentCertainmedia,suchaslithiumorammonium,canalsocausethyroiddysfunctionandgoiterdevelopmentbyinferencewiththyroidhormonesynthesisorregulationOtherfactors03SymptomsanddiagnosisofgoiterSymptomsofgoiterDifficultlyswitchingGoodcancausediscomfortorpaywhenswitchingsolidfoodsorliquidsThroatorneckdiscomfortTheenlargedthyroidglandmaypressagainstthetrajectory,causingdiscomfortorpaininthethroatorneckareaBreakingdifferencesIfthegoiterislarge,itmaycompressthetrajectoryandmakebreakingdifferencesHowpresenceorchangeinvoiceTheenlargedthyroidglandmayputpressureonthevocalcords,causingpresenceorchangesinvoicePhysicalexaminationThyroidfunctiontestsImagingtestsBiopsyDiagnosticmethodsforgoiterAdoctorwillexaminetheneckandthyroidglandtolookforanyenlargementorregulationsBloodtestsareusedtomeasurethelevelsofthyroidhormonesandantibioticstoassessthefunctionofthethyroidglandUltrasound,CTscanorMRImaybeusedtovisualizethethyroidglandandanyassociatedmassesorschedulesInsomecases,abiopsymaybeperformedtoremoveasmallpieceofthyroidtissueforexaminationunderamicroscopetoconfirmthediagnosisofgoiter04TreatmentofgoiterThyroidhorsesandantithyroiddrugsarecommonlyusedtocontrolthesymptomsandprogressofthegoerThyroidhorsescanbeusedtoreplacethefunctionofthethyroidgland,whileantithyroidbugscanblockthesynthesisofthyroidhorsesandreducethesizeofthegoerMedicationLongtermuseofthyroidhormonesmayleadtohyperthyroidism,whilelongtermuseofantithyroiddrugsmaycauselivedamageTherefore,regularmonitoringofthyroidfunctionandliveenzymesisnecessarySideeffectsDrugtherapyIndicationsSurgicaltreatmentisindicatedforgoersthatisreflectivetodrugtherapy,compressiveadultstructures,orhassuspiciousminorfeaturesTypesofsurgeryThemostcommonsurgicalproceduresforgoersincludethyroid(removalofthethyroidgland)andsubtotalthyroid(partialremovalofthethyroidgland)ComplicationsPostoperativecomplicationsincludehyperthyroidism,recurrentlaryngealnerveinjury,andblendingTherefore,surgeonsshouldcarefullyevaluatetheindicationsandrisksofsurgerybeforeoperationSurgicaltreatmentRadioactiveiodinetherapyThistreatmentusesradioactiveiodinetodestroythethyroidglandandreducethesizeofthegoerItiscommonlyusedforlargegoitersthatarenotsuitableforsurgeryorwhensurgeryisreusedCryotherapyThistreatmentusesextremecoldtodestroythethyroidglandissueandreducethesizeofthegoerItiscommonlyusedforpatientswhoarenotsuitableforsurgeryorwhensurgeryisreusedHormonereplacementtherapyThistreatmentusesHormonestoreplacethefunctionofthethyroidglandandcontrolthesymptomsofgoiterItiscommonlyusedforpatientswhoarenotsuitableforsurgeryorwhensurgeryisreusedOthertreatmentmethods05PreventionandhealthcareofgoiterGetenoughsleepGoiterpatientsshouldensureenoughsleeptime,usually7-8hoursperdayAlakeofsleepmayleadtoimmunefunctiondeclineandthyroidglanddysfunctionExerciseregularlyRegularexercisecanimprovetheimmunesystemandregulatethefunctionofthethyroidglandItisrecommendedtodorateexercise,suchaswalking,runningandswimming,forhalfanhoureverydayReducestressLongtermstressmayleadtoimmunefunctiondeclineandthyroidglanddysfunctionItisrecommendedtoadoptrelaxationtechniques,suchasyoga,conditioningandmindfulness,toreducestressMaintainahealthylifestyleSeaweedcontainsrichiodine,whichisessentialforthyroidglandfunctionItisrecommendedtoeatsawedtwiceaweekAlthoughiodineisessentialforthyroidglandfunction,excessiveintakemayalso