新教材2023版高中英語(yǔ)Unit1ScienceandScientistsSectionⅠReadingandThinking課件新人教版選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

SectionⅠ

ReadingandThinking課前預(yù)習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)課堂提升素養(yǎng)課前預(yù)習(xí)設(shè)計(jì)自讀課文疏通文脈大意Task1文本整體理解：理清文章架構(gòu)1.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater.B．JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.C．Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.D．JohnSnowdidsomeresearchandhelpedtosolve“KingCholera”．D2．Readthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1________

A．Snowcollectsinformationandofferssolutions.Para.2________B．Snowdesirestodefeatcholera.Para.3________C．Snowisdeterminedtoinvestigate.Para.4________D．JohnSnowisthefatherofmodernepidemiology.Para.5________E．Snowfindsthetruthofcholera.BCAEDTask2文本細(xì)節(jié)理解：探尋語(yǔ)篇細(xì)節(jié)理解ReadthetextonPages2～3carefullyandthenchoosethebestanswer.1．WhichofthefollowingtheoriesdidJohnSnowbelievein?A．Badaircausedthedisease.B．Peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.C．Peoplegotinfectedwithcholerabecauseofcoldandhunger.D．Peoplesufferedfromcholerabecausetheywerenotclean.B2．Atlast,“KingCholera”wascontrolledby________．A．usingmedicinesinhospitalB．drivingpatientsoutofthecountryC．dealingwiththepollutedwaterD．gettingridofallkindsofpollutionC3．WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence?A．Choleramultipliedinthewater.B．Pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.C．Acloudofdangerousgascausedcholera.D．Choleracouldneverbecontrolledeventhoughitscausewasfound.B4．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A．Anewspaper. B．Amedicalreport.C．Abookreview. D．ATVinterview.ATask3文本理解：續(xù)寫(xiě)佳句1.Readthepassagecarefullyandfindthesentencestodescribethemoodofsadness.(細(xì)讀短文并找出描寫(xiě)悲傷心理的句子)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Readthepassagecarefullyandfindthesentencestoshowdetermination.(細(xì)讀短文并找出表達(dá)決心的句子)(1)________________________________________________________(2)________________________________________________________Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Task4閱讀思維升華：主題實(shí)踐1.HowdidSnowdefeatcholera?(DivergentThinking發(fā)散性思維)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Firstly,hesubscribedtothesecondtheory.Secondly,hebegantoinvestigatetocollectproof.Thirdly,hemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswherepeoplewhodiedhadlived.Fourthly,helookedintothesourceofthewaterandfoundthatitcamefromthepollutedriver.Finally,thesourceofwaterwasexaminedandcholerawascontrolled.2．WhatdoJohnSnowandZhongNanshanhaveincommon?(CriticalThinking批判性思維)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．WhatcanwelearnfromSnowwhenfacingepidemic?(CreativeThinking創(chuàng)造性思維)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theyarewiseandresolutetoovercomedifficultiesbyusingscientificmethods.Theytreatthesickwithloveandkindness.Whenfacinganepidemic,weshouldfindthecauseofit,cutoffthetransmissionrouteofthevirus,developvaccinesandfindthecureforit.精讀課文疏通理解障礙[讀文清障]①cholera['k?l?r?]n．霍亂②usedtodosth.過(guò)去常常做某事③severe[s?'v??(r)]adj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的severelyadv.嚴(yán)重地；嚴(yán)格地，嚴(yán)厲地④diarrhoea[?da??'r??]n．腹瀉⑤dehydration[?di?ha?'dre??n]n．脫水⑥outbreakn．爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生⑦h(yuǎn)itv．攻擊；進(jìn)攻；襲擊⑧frustrated[fr?'stre?t?d]adj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的feelfrustrated感到沮喪frustrationn．挫折⑨intime最后；遲早⑩risev．變得更加成功(或重要、強(qiáng)大等)?attendto照料?givebirth(to)生孩子?onceandforall最終地；徹底地?ingeneral通常；一般而言?contradictory[?k?ntr?'d?kt?ri]adj.相互矛盾的；對(duì)立的；不一致的becontradictoryto與……相矛盾contradictv．相抵觸，相矛盾；反駁?infection[?n'fek?n]n．感染；傳染?germ[d???m]n．微生物；細(xì)菌；病菌?subscribeto同意；贊同subscribe[s?b'skra?b]vi.認(rèn)購(gòu)(股份)；定期訂購(gòu)；定期交納(會(huì)費(fèi))?proof[pru?f]n．證據(jù)；證明；檢驗(yàn)provev．證明；證明是?consequentlyadv.因此，所以?investigatev．調(diào)查；研究?particularadj.特定的；特別的?bedeterminedtodosth.決心做某事?multiple['m?lt?pl]adj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的multiplyv．乘；增加；繁殖?waterpump水泵pump[p?mp]n．泵；抽水機(jī)；打氣筒?household['ha?sh??ld]n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人?suspect[s?'spekt]vt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任['s?spekt]n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對(duì)象suspect...of...懷疑……?blame[ble?m]vt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)n．責(zé)備；指責(zé)；過(guò)失betoblamefor對(duì)……應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任?whatismore更重要的是；而且?asaresultof由于(后跟原因)asaresult結(jié)果(后跟結(jié)果)?accordinglyadv.因此；相應(yīng)地?handle['h?ndl]n．把手；拉手；柄vt.處理；搬動(dòng)；操縱(車(chē)輛、動(dòng)物、工具等)?intervention[??nt?'ven?n]n．介入；出面；干涉?infect[?n'fekt]vt.使感染；傳染infectiousadj.傳染性的；感染的(尤指通過(guò)呼吸)?link[l?k]n．聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來(lái)；相關(guān)聯(lián)alinkbetween...and...……與……之間的聯(lián)系belinkedto與……連接；與……有關(guān)聯(lián)，與……有聯(lián)系?raw[r??]adj.未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的rawmaterial原材料?belikelytodosth.有可能做某事?pure[pj??(r)]adj.干凈的；純的；純粹的purewater純凈水?tirelessadj.不知疲倦的?substantial[s?b'st?n?l]adj.大量的；價(jià)值巨大的；重大的?decrease['di?kri?s]n．減少；降低；減少量[d?'kri?s]vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低onthedecrease在減少，在降低?thanksto幸虧；由于?statistic[st?'t?st?k]n．[pl.]統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)?transform[tr?ns'f??m]vt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變o...把……轉(zhuǎn)變成……?epidemiology[?ep??di?mi'?l?d?i]n．流行病學(xué)[原文呈現(xiàn)]JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA①”Cholerausedto②beoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome[1].Thisillnesscausessevere③diarrhoea④，

dehydration⑤，

andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreak⑥ofcholerahit⑦Europe,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustrated⑧

becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera[2].Intime⑨，

herose⑩tobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedto?QueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth?.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall?.[1]此處是until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中howitcouldbeovercome是包含在該從句中的賓語(yǔ)從句。[2]此處是because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，其中howtopreventortreatcholera是“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。Ingeneral?，

doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictory?theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread[3].Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease[4].Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfection?fromgerms?infoodorwater.Snowsubscribedto?thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof?.Consequently?，

whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854[5],Snowbegantoinvestigate?.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticular?streetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedto?findoutwhy.[3]此處是how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。[4]此處是that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，

that在從句中不作成分。[5]此處是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.Thereweremultiple?deathsnearthewaterpump?inBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds?(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspected?thatthewaterpumpwastoblame?[6].Whatismore?,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultof?thisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms[7].Accordingly?,hehadthehandle?ofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused[8].Throughthisintervention?,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.[6]此處是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。betoblame意為“負(fù)有責(zé)任”，不定式toblame用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。[7]此處是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。[8]此處使用了“havesth.done”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“讓/請(qǐng)人做某事；使某事/物被做”；sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfected?bywaste[9].Moreover,Snowwaslaterabletoshowalink?betweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyraw?waste[10].Thepeoplewhodrankthiswater[11]weremuchmorelikelyto?getcholerathanthosewhodrankpure?orboiledwater[12].[9]此處是that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。[10]此處是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞water。[11]此處是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Thepeople。[12]此處是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞those。ThroughSnow'stireless?efforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantial?decrease?.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera[13],thanksto?theworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics?,Snowtransformed?thewayscientistsstudydiseases[14].Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology?.[13]此處是“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作know的賓語(yǔ)。[14]此處是省略了引導(dǎo)詞that/inwhich的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾theway。[課文翻譯]約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”在英國(guó)醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。這種疾病可導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重腹瀉、脫水甚至死亡。十九世紀(jì)初，當(dāng)霍亂爆發(fā)，肆虐歐洲時(shí)，數(shù)百萬(wàn)人死于這種疾病。由于無(wú)人知道如何預(yù)防或治療霍亂，年輕的約翰·斯諾醫(yī)生很沮喪。后來(lái)，他成了一位名醫(yī)，甚至照料分娩的維多利亞女王。然而，他始終沒(méi)有放棄徹底根除霍亂的愿望。關(guān)于霍亂的蔓延方式，當(dāng)時(shí)的醫(yī)生通常有兩種截然不同的看法。一種看法是空氣污染引發(fā)的這種疾病，另一種看法是食物或飲用水中的細(xì)菌感染導(dǎo)致霍亂。斯諾贊同第二種看法。這一看法是正確的，但他仍需要證據(jù)。因此，1854年倫敦爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，斯諾便開(kāi)始調(diào)查。他發(fā)現(xiàn)霍亂在兩條特定的街道上爆發(fā)得非常嚴(yán)重，以至于10天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。他決心查明原因。斯諾開(kāi)始在地圖上標(biāo)出那些死去的人曾經(jīng)居住過(guò)的地方的確切位置。寬街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16號(hào)、37號(hào)、38號(hào)及40號(hào)住宅)，然而有些住戶(hù)(如寬街20號(hào)和21號(hào)以及劍橋街8號(hào)和9號(hào))卻無(wú)人死亡。這些人在劍橋街7號(hào)的酒吧工作，酒吧為他們提供免費(fèi)的啤酒，因此他們沒(méi)有喝水泵抽上來(lái)的水。斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。此外，在倫敦的另一個(gè)區(qū)域，一名婦女和她的女兒搬離寬街后死于霍亂。這個(gè)女人似乎非常喜歡水泵抽上來(lái)的水，以至于每天都讓人把那里的水運(yùn)到家里來(lái)。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠宣布水泵抽上來(lái)的水?dāng)y帶霍亂病菌。于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就不能用了。通過(guò)這一干預(yù)，疾病的蔓延得以遏制。事情的真相是寬街水泵抽上來(lái)的水被廢棄物感染了。此外，斯諾之后還證實(shí)了其他霍亂病例與倫敦不同的飲用水公司有關(guān)。有些公司出售的水取自被未處理的廢棄物污染的泰晤士河。與飲用純凈水或開(kāi)水的人相比，飲用這種水的人更有可能染上霍亂。經(jīng)過(guò)斯諾的不懈努力，飲用水公司開(kāi)始銷(xiāo)售清潔用水，世界各地的霍亂威脅大幅降低。然而，霍亂仍是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。每年全球有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人感染霍亂，并且許多人因此喪生。幸運(yùn)的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現(xiàn)在知道了如何預(yù)防霍亂。此外，在他使用地圖和數(shù)據(jù)的過(guò)程中，斯諾改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式。出于這個(gè)原因，斯諾被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代流行病學(xué)之父。自查語(yǔ)基落實(shí)基本知能Ⅰ.核心詞匯根據(jù)語(yǔ)境寫(xiě)出正確的單詞1．two___________theories兩個(gè)相互矛盾的理論2．a(chǎn)ninfectionfrom________infood

由食物的細(xì)菌引起的感染3．need________需要證據(jù)4．causea________trafficaccident

造成嚴(yán)重的交通事故5．manypoor_________許多貧困家庭6．water________水泵7．________theevidence懷疑這個(gè)證據(jù)contradictorygermsproofseverehouseholdspumpsuspect8．beto________該受責(zé)備9．removethe________ofthepump

拆掉水泵的手柄10．________waste未經(jīng)處理的廢物11．a(chǎn)________betweensmokingandlungcancer

吸煙和肺癌之間的聯(lián)系12．a(chǎn)substantial________大幅度減少13．scientific________科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)14．________one'scharacter改變某人的性格15．________toamagazine訂閱雜志16．________himoftheft懷疑他有偷竊行為blamehandlerawlinkdecreasestatisticstransformsubscribesuspectⅡ.拓展詞匯根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的單詞1．________[s?'v??(r)]adj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的→severelyadv.嚴(yán)重地；嚴(yán)格地，嚴(yán)厲地2．________[fr?'stre?t?d]adj.懊惱的，沮喪的；失意的→frustratevt.挫??；阻撓；使感到灰心→frustrationn．挫折3．________[?n'fek?n]n．感染；傳染→infectvt.使感染；傳染→infectiousadj.傳染性的；感染的(尤指通過(guò)呼吸)4．________[pru?f]n．證據(jù)；證明；檢驗(yàn)→provev．證明；證明是severefrustratedinfectionproof5．________['m?lt?pl]adj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的→multiplyv．乘；增加；繁殖6．__________[??nt?'ven?n]n．介入；出面；干涉→intervenevi.介入；出面；插話(huà)7．________[pj??(r)]adj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→purifyv．凈化8．________[tr?ns'f??m]vt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變→transformationn．變化；轉(zhuǎn)變；變換multipleinterventionpuretransform構(gòu)詞規(guī)律根據(jù)給出的構(gòu)詞規(guī)則寫(xiě)出下列單詞1．-ion常用于動(dòng)詞之后構(gòu)成名詞。①infectv．→infectionn．感染②selectv．→________n．挑選③electv．→________n．選舉④collectv．→________n．收集2．形容詞后綴-ous表示“具有……性質(zhì)的；充滿(mǎn)……的”①infect使感染；傳染→infectious傳染性的②humor幽默→humorous幽默的③courage勇氣→courageous勇敢的④caution謹(jǐn)慎；小心→cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；小心的⑤continue繼續(xù)→continuous持續(xù)的selectionelectioncollectionⅢ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．________________幸虧；由于2．________________經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間之后；遲早3．________________照顧；護(hù)理4．________________總的說(shuō)來(lái)；從總體上看5．________________很可能做某事6．________________死于；因……而死thankstointimeattendtoingeneralbelikelytodosth.diefrom7．________________因此，由于；作為……的結(jié)果8．________________開(kāi)始做事；開(kāi)始認(rèn)真考慮某事9．________________最終地；徹底地10．________________同意；贊同11．________________生孩子12．________________孜孜不倦的努力13．________________成為一位著名的醫(yī)生asaresultofgetdowntoonceandforallsubscribetogivebirthtirelesseffortsbecomeafamousdoctorⅣ.重點(diǎn)句型1．[句型]until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句[教材]Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,________aBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英國(guó)醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。2．[句型]“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)[教材]Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknew________________________．作為一名年輕的醫(yī)生，約翰·斯諾變得沮喪，因?yàn)闆](méi)有人知道如何預(yù)防和治療霍亂。untilhowtopreventortreatcholera3．[句型]where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句[教材]Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaces__________________________．斯諾首先在地圖上標(biāo)出了所有死者曾經(jīng)生活的精確地點(diǎn)。4．[句型]“Itseemedthat...”意為“好像……；似乎……”“so...that...”意為“如此……以至于

……”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句___________thewomanlikedthewaterfromthepump___________shehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.這個(gè)女人似乎非常喜歡水泵抽上來(lái)的水，以至于每天都讓人把那里的水運(yùn)到家里來(lái)。5．[句型]“havesth.done”意為“讓/請(qǐng)人做某事；使某事被做”[教材]Accordingly,he_____________________________sothatitcouldnotbeused.于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就不能用了。whereallthosewhodiedhadlivedItseemedthatsomuchthathadthehandleofthepumpremovedⅤ.理清復(fù)雜句式1．[教材]Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。until前面的句子是主句，

until引導(dǎo)的是________從句；

aBritishdoctor與JohnSnow是________關(guān)系，是從句的主語(yǔ)，從句謂語(yǔ)showed后面是how引導(dǎo)的________從句。[翻譯]_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)

霍亂曾經(jīng)是世界上最為可怕的疾病之一，直到一位英國(guó)醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾展示了如何戰(zhàn)勝它。2．[教材]Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句是“Itseemed...”，

that引導(dǎo)________從句，

so...that...“如此……以至于……”引導(dǎo)________從句，含有“havesb./sth.＋done”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“________________”。[翻譯]_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________表語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)讓某人/某物被……

這個(gè)女人似乎非常喜歡(飲用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都讓人把水送到她家。3．[教材]ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.[分析]本句是一個(gè)由and連接的________句，在第二個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworld作主語(yǔ)，

saw是謂語(yǔ)，表“___________”，可以理解為一種擬人的修辭手法，使表達(dá)既簡(jiǎn)練又生動(dòng)。[翻譯]_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________并列經(jīng)歷；目睹

經(jīng)過(guò)斯諾不懈的努力，供水公司開(kāi)始銷(xiāo)售純凈水，世界各地的霍亂威脅大幅度減少。課堂提升素養(yǎng)1(教材P2)Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英國(guó)醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。◎句型公式：until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(1)若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的，那么這個(gè)主句需用肯定形式；若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性的，則主句常用否定式，構(gòu)成not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：部分倒裝“Notuntil＋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或短語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”。(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/wasnotuntil＋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或短語(yǔ)＋that＋主句部分。[佳句]

Wekeptfightingwiththefiercebearuntilsomekindpeoplerushedtohelpushandletheanimal.我們繼續(xù)和這只兇猛的熊搏斗，直到一些善良的人沖過(guò)來(lái)幫我們對(duì)付這只動(dòng)物。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作描寫(xiě))[練通]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①[2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)]Thevoicebecamelouderandlouder________Daviddraggedhisleg,passingtheterminal.②ItwasnotuntilIsettleddownandlivedinBeijing________IhadachancetopayavisittotheGreatWall.untilthat[寫(xiě)美]——一句多譯直到我經(jīng)歷了這場(chǎng)事故，我才明白壞運(yùn)氣有可能是正在等待開(kāi)啟的門(mén)。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之升華句)③____________________________________badfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(倒裝)④_________________________________Iwasawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)NotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentwasIawarethatItwasnotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentthat2(教材P2)Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.由于無(wú)人知道如何預(yù)防或治療霍亂，年輕的約翰·斯諾醫(yī)生很沮喪?！騠rustratedadj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的(1)feelfrustratedat/with對(duì)……感到沮喪/懊惱(2)frustratevt.使懊喪；使懊惱；挫??；阻止；防止frustratingadj.令人懊惱的；令人沮喪的(常形容事物)frustrationn.[U]懊喪；沮喪；挫敗[佳句]

Disappointedandfrustrated,thepoormanmadehiswaybacktohisfamily.感到失望和沮喪，這個(gè)可憐的人回到了他的家。[練通]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①M(fèi)anystudentsfindtheexperienceofattendinguniversitylecturestobeaconfusingand__________(frustrate)experience.②Whenthingsgowrong,allofusnaturallyfeeldisappointedand________(frustrate)．[寫(xiě)美]——應(yīng)用文佳句③令他懊惱的是，

他的兒子感染了流感病毒。____________________wasthathissonwasinfectedwiththefluvirus.frustratingfrustratedWhatmadehimfrustrated3(教材P2)Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.斯諾贊同第二種看法。◎subscribevi.認(rèn)購(gòu)(股份)；定期訂購(gòu)；定期交納(會(huì)費(fèi))subscribeto同意；贊同；訂購(gòu)；捐贈(zèng)subscribe...to...在……上簽署……；向……捐贈(zèng)……[佳句]

Allofussubscribetotheviewthatagoodparent-childrenrelationshipisbasedonmutualunderstandingandrespect.(應(yīng)用文之人際關(guān)系)我們所有人都贊成這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，好的親子關(guān)系是基于相互理解和尊重的。[練通]——猜測(cè)下列加黑詞的含義①[2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)]Bernardexcitedlysubscribedtomyideaofmakingpopcorntoearnsomemoney.____________②Itwastheoutstandingastronomerwhoalwayssubscribedtoourschool,towhichweweresincerelygrateful.____________③Tobroadenourhorizonsandenrichourschoollife,westudentswillinglysubscribeto

China

Daily.____________贊成；同意捐助訂閱4(教材P2)Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍?zhǔn)??！騭uspectvt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對(duì)象(1)suspectsb.tobe...懷疑某人是……

suspectsb.of(doing)sth.懷疑某人(做)某事(2)amurdersuspect殺人嫌疑犯[佳句]

[2020·新高考卷Ⅰ讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)]Atfirst,Bernardsuspectedthathecouldn'tsellhispopcornasplanned.起初，伯納德懷疑他不能像計(jì)劃的那樣賣(mài)爆米花。[練通]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①________(suspect)ofdamagingthisculturalheritage,hewasarrestedbythepolice.②Two________(suspect)inconnectionwiththecasearenowbeingquestioned.[寫(xiě)美]——一句多譯[2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ應(yīng)用文]我最尊敬的人是我的英語(yǔ)老師，他從不懷疑我們會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。③ThepersonIrespectmostismyEnglishteacher,who____________________________________.(suspectthat...)④ThepersonIrespectmostismyEnglishteacher,who_______________________________.(suspectsb.of...)Suspectedsuspectsneversuspectsthatwecanachieveourdreamsneversuspectsusofachievingourdreams◎blamevt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)備；指責(zé)n．責(zé)備；指責(zé)；過(guò)失(1)blamesb.for(doing)sth.

因(做)某事責(zé)備某人

blamesth.on...把某事歸咎于……

betoblame(forsth.)(對(duì)某事)負(fù)有責(zé)任(2)taketheblamefor對(duì)……承擔(dān)責(zé)任

put/lay/placetheblameforsth.on...

把某事歸咎于……[佳句]

Soinsteadofblamingothers,weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers'place.因此，我們應(yīng)該多交流、換位思考，而不是指責(zé)其他人。(應(yīng)用文之建議信)[練通]——單句語(yǔ)法填空⑤Thereisnodoubtthattheterribleearthquakewas________(blame)forsuchsevereruins.⑥Thebossdidn'tblamehisassistant________themistake，whichwasbeyondexpectations.＝Thebossdidn'tblamethemistake________hisassistant,whichwasbeyondexpectations.[寫(xiě)美]——句式升級(jí)⑦Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.→_____________________________________________,Alicewasinlowspirits.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))[溫馨提示]

在betoblame(forsth.)短語(yǔ)中，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。toblameforonBlamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork

[佳句]

Hewassofrightenedthathestoodrootedtothespot.＝Sofrightenedwashethathestoodrootedtothespot.他是如此害怕，以至于他站在那里一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之恐懼心理描寫(xiě))[練通]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thebrilliantboymade________greatprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.②Myuncleis________generousapersonthathewashighlythoughtofbythepeoplearound.＝Myuncleis________agenerouspersonthathewashighlythoughtofbythepeoplearound.suchsosuch[寫(xiě)美]——一句多譯他是如此緊張，以至于他感覺(jué)自己舌頭打結(jié)，手心出汗。(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之緊張心理描寫(xiě))③Hewas____________hefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.④_________________hefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.(倒裝句)sonervousthatSonervouswashethat6(教材P2)Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就不能用了?！蚓湫凸剑骸癶avesth.done”意為“讓/請(qǐng)人做某事；使某事被做”(1)havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事(2)havesb./sth.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事或讓某事處于某種狀態(tài)can't/couldn'thavesb.doingsth.不能容忍某人做某事(3)havesth.todo有某事要做[佳句]

Ifwetakeapositiveattitudeandkeepontrying,wecanhaveourgoalsachievedintheend.如果我們采取積極的態(tài)度并不斷努力，我們最終會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。[練通]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Webegantohelppickpeachesandthenhadthem________(deliver)tothefarmers'houses.②LastSundayourschoolhadus________(take)partinafive-kilometercross-countryrunningracetobuildupourbody.③Wecan'thavehim________(get)awaywithcheatingintheexam;otherwise,hewon'tshouldertheblame.[寫(xiě)美]——應(yīng)用文之道歉信④我非常抱歉讓你等了這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，因?yàn)閯偛盼矣幸患o急的事情要處理。Iamterriblysorryfor______________________________，

because________________________justnow.deliveredtakegettinghavingyouwaitingformeforsolongIhadanurgentthingtoattendto7(教材P3)Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.此外，斯諾之后還證實(shí)了其他霍亂病例與倫敦不同的飲用水公司有關(guān)?！騦inkn．聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來(lái)；相關(guān)聯(lián)(1)link...to/with...把……與……連接/聯(lián)系起來(lái)belinkedto/with與……有聯(lián)系/關(guān)系(2)alinkbetween...and...……與……之間的關(guān)系/聯(lián)系[佳句]

Inmyopinion,thereisacloselinkbetweenteachersandstudents.在我看來(lái)，師生之間有著密切的關(guān)系。[練通]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Weshouldlinktheory________practicewhenworking.②Yourinnovationsshould________(link)toourschoollifeandbeabletomakeourlifebetterandmoreconvenient.[寫(xiě)美]——應(yīng)用文之健康生活③健康問(wèn)題與不良的飲食習(xí)慣和缺乏鍛煉密切相關(guān)。Healthproblems________________badeatinghabitsandalackofexercise.[溫馨提示]

表示“將……和……連接起來(lái)”的短語(yǔ)還有connect...with/to...、join...to...等。withbelinkedarecloselylinkedto8(教材P3)ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantos