高中英語選修6-unit2-Grammar-虛擬語氣

GrammarSubjunctiveMood虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在‘if’條件句中的用法虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法shoulddo虛擬語氣其他句型的用法SubjunctiveMood虛擬語氣213

虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的用法條件從句從句謂語形式主句謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反

與過去事實相反

與將來事實相反

didwereshould/would/could/might+dohad+doneshould/would/could/might+have+doneshould/would/could/might+do1.should+do2.did3.wereto+do1.用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空。1.IfI_________(know)moreaboutgivingfirstaid,I_______________(help)themwhentheaccidenthappened.2.IfI______(be)aman,I___________(run)forpresident.3.—Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthesidedoor?—No,ifhe_______(have),he_____________________(notbreak)thewindowofthelivingroom.hadknowncouldhavehelpedwerewouldrunhadhadwouldn’thavebroken虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點:1.假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致,叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。

.

虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的用法條件從句從句謂語形式主句謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反

與過去事實相反

與將來事實相反

didwereshould/would/could/might+dohad+doneshould/would/could/might+have+doneshould/would/could/might+do1.should+do2.did3.wereto+doIftheweather(be)finer,thecropsgrowingstillbetter.Ifyou(follow)theteacher’sadvice,you(notbe)inthehospital.hadbeenwouldbehadfollowedwouldn’tbe2.假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。條件從句中有should,were,had三個助動詞可以把if省略,并將這三個詞提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.

Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?注意：

在虛擬語氣的從句中,動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用were,不用was,即在從句中be用were代替。_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.

A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI典型例題now，thinking：哪些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和if條件句有相同的動詞形式？Suppose/supposingthat…Evenif/though…Supposeyouhadalotofmoney,whatwouldyoudowithit?Evenifyouhadalotofmoney,youcouldn’tlendhim.同類用法：3.without和butfor/that構(gòu)成虛擬。=ifitwerenotfor…=ifithadnotbeenfor…Without

sunlight,people’slifedifferentfromtoday.Butfor

yourhelp,Ithework.Butfor

water,itimpossibletoliveinthedesert.wouldbewouldn’thavefinishedwouldbeItisstrangethat_______________________.他居然會這樣說，真是奇怪。Itisagreatpitythat___________________.他居然會這樣想，真是一件憾事。Itisnaturalthat___________________________.鳥在樹上安歇是很自然的。

1、It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+thatClause從句中的動詞要用虛擬,即(should)+動詞原形he(should)saysohe(should)thinksoabird(should)restintrees虛擬語氣在從句中的用法:shoulddo22.表示要求,命令,建議的虛擬語氣一個堅持______________兩個命令______________三個建議__________________________四個要求__________________________這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形,或者將should省略。

insistorder,command

advise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,desireIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意:如suggest,insist不表示“建議”或“堅持要某人做某事時”,即它們用于其本意“暗示、說明”、“堅持認為”時,賓語從句用陳述語氣。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe___(be)seriouslyillandthat______(send)tohospitalsatonce.obeywasbesent3.Hesuggestedthatwe____(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe___(be)ill.havewas以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句,表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣,從句中的動詞形式一樣。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireImakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.

Mysuggestionisthatwe〔should〕gothereatonce3、在Itis/wassuggested/ordered/demanded/proposed/etc.結(jié)構(gòu)中要使用虛擬語氣。如：

It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Itisorderedthatallthetroops(should)withdrawthreemilesaway.根據(jù)命令，所有部隊撤至三英哩以外。Itisarrangedthathe_____________________.照安排，他星期五動身去加拿大。Itissuggestedthat___________________________________________.有人建議，英語晚會周六舉行。leaveforCanadaonFridaytheEnglisheveningbeheldonSaturday4,Forfearthat/incase/lest

唯恐，以免

〔Should〕doHegotupearlyforfearthatheshouldmisstheflight.

Itis(high)timethat后面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用should加動詞原形，但should不可省略。

Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.

Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.

Itishightimethat__________________.該是我們吃午飯的時候了。Itistimethat______________________.該是他作出決定的時候了。五、Itis(high)timethat

wehadourlunchhemadeuphismind虛擬語氣不同于ｉｆ條件句的用法３.Wish/asif/Ifonly引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣與現(xiàn)在事實相反

與過去事實相反

與將來

事實相反

過去時〔were〕had+過去分詞would/could/might+動詞原形1.IwishIabird.(現(xiàn)在)2.IwishI〔ｍａｄｅ〕suchamistake.(過去)3.Wewishourparentspunishus.(將來)werehadn’tmadewouldn’tTheboyacted____hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.A.asthough

B.evenif

C.as

D.since

由ifonly〔要是……，那該多好啊！〕引導(dǎo)的驚嘆句。IfonlyIhadpassedthetest！

Ifonlyitstoppedraining！比較ifonly與onlyifonlyif表示"只有"；ifonly那么表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陳述語氣。

Iwakeup__________thealarmclockrings.只有鬧鐘響了，我才會醒。

___________thealarmclockhadrung.當時鬧鐘響了，就好了。

onlyifIfonlyIwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.Iwouldrather___________________.我寧愿他們明天來。

Themanagerwouldratherthathissecretary_______________________________.經(jīng)理寧愿他的秘書代替他去開會。

四、wouldrather后的賓語從句wouldratherthat與現(xiàn)在事實相反過去時與過去事實相反

過去完成時與將來事實相反

過去時theycametomorrowwenttothemeetinginsteadofhim．某些簡單句的固定句型:Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!

Mayyousucceed!

LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!虛擬語氣在其他結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法Multiplechoices1.Itwasurgentthathe_________herimmediately.A.callsB.calledC.callD.wouldcall2.It’shightimethatsomething_________toprohibitsellingfakecommodities.mustbedoneB.wasdoneC.bedoneD.weredone3.Therewasatrafficjam;otherwiseI____hereontime.

A.wouldbeB.hadbeen

C.shouldbeD.wouldhavebeen4.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI___there.

A.

was

B.

were

C.

hadbeen

D.

went5.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.

A.

give

B.

shouldgive

C.

begiven

D.

wouldbegiven6.Itisstrangethatsuchathing___inyourschool.

A.

willhappen

B.

happens

C.

shouldhappen

D.

happened7.I’dratheryou___rightaway.

A.

leave

B.

left

C.

willleave

D.

toleave8.Itisrequiredthatyou____atsix.A.willarrive

B.arrive

C.arrived

D.wouldarrive9.IfonlyI_____howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.hadknown

B.wouldknow

C.shouldknow

D.knewExercisesI

1.You___tothemeetingyesterday.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?A.hadcome B.cameC.wouldhavecome D.shouldhavecome2.“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI___.”A.had B.did C.have D.will3.Hereissomemoneyincaseyou___it.A.needsB.needC.neededD.willneed4.Hedemandedthattheclassroom___atonce.A.shouldclean B.cleanC.shouldhavebeencleanedD.becleaned5.Butforyourcarelessness,we___.A.shouldhavesucceededB.hadsucceededC.wouldhavesucceededD.succeeded6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken7.Jane’sfacesuggestedthatshe_____ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_____amedicalexamination.

A.be;shouldhaveB.was;have

C.shouldbe;had

D.was;has8.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.

A.shouldbe

B.wouldbe

C.havebeen

D.hadbeen

9.IwishI_____themeetinglastweek.

A.couldattendB.attended

C.haveattendedD.couldhaveattended10.Mysuggestionisthatwe____thesportsmet.

A.wouldputoff

B.shouldputoff

C.puttedoff

D.beputoff

11.Itisnecessarythatourdrinkingwater_____cleaner.

A.shouldbemade

B.ismade

C.wouldbemade

D.wasmade12.Don’tcomethisafternoon.I’dratheryou_____tomorrow.

A.come

B.tocome

C.came

D.willcome

13.Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment_____before6.

A.wasfinished

B.willfinish

C.befinished

D.shallbefinishedII.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示將以下句子補充完整。1.HadInotseenitwithmyowneyes,I____________________(都不會相信的).2.IfIshouldbefreetomorrow,I__________________(會和你一起去).3.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,you__________________(現(xiàn)在一切都好了).wouldbeallrightnowwouldn’thavebelieveditwouldgowithyo