英美概況簡(jiǎn)答論述題答案

dotouristsfromallovertheworldliketogotoScotland

TheyliketoenjoythebeautifulScottishscenery,todrinkScotchwhiskyandtoseeScotsmenwearingkiltsandplayingbagpipes.

weretheresultsoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain

TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedBritaininmanyways.First,industrialproductivityincreaseddramatically.Britainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryandalsothefinancialcenterintheworld.Second,urbanizationtookplace.Manynewcitiessprangup.Third,itcausedgreatchangesintheclassstructure.Theoldsocialclassesdeclined,andnewonesemergedanddeveloped.

RiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire.

ColonizationofNewfoundland,thefirstBritaincolonyoverseas,in1583markedthebeginningoftheBritishEmpire.By1837,BritainhadlongbeenanempirewhichincludedthecoloniesinCanada,Australia,NewZealand,IndiaandmanysmallstatesintheWestIndies.Bytheendofthe19thcentury,theBritainEmpireincludedaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.Duringthemid-19thcentury,theBritaingovernmentconsolidatedtheexistingcoloniesbybringingthemunderthedirectcontrolofthegovernment.BeforeWorldWarI,Britainhadthelargestcolonialempireintheworld.However,BritainsufferedgreatlosstoitsmanpowerinthetwoWorldWarsandexhausteditsreservesofgold,dollarsandoverseasinvestment.MostofBritain’scoloniesgainedindepependencesincethe1940s,whichinevitablyledtothefalloftheEmpire.

arethethreefunctionsoftheHouseofCommons

Thethreefunctionsare:todraftlaws,toscrutinize,criticizeandrestraintheactivitiesofthegovernment,andtoinfluencefuturegovernmentpolicy.

istheCommonwealthofNations

TheCommonwealthofNationsisavoluntaryassociationofindependentsovereignstates,allofwhichacknowledgetheBritishmonarchasthehead.TheCommonwealthisnotapoliticalunionofanysort,anditsmemberstateshavefullautonomytomanagetheirinternalandexternalaffairs.Itisprimarilyanorganizationinwhichcountrieswithdiverseeconomicbackgroundshaveanopportunityforcloseandequalinteractionaftergainingindependence.ThemajoractivitiesoftheCommonwealtharedesignedtoadvocatedemocracy,humanrights,andtopromoteeconomiccooperationandgrowthwithinitsmembers.

werethemajorcausesofBritain’srelativeeconomicdeclineinthepostwarperiod

First,BritainsufferedgreatlossesinthetwoWorldWarsandhadgoneheavilyintodebttofinancethewar.Second,theeraoftheBritainEmpirewasover.IndiaandotherBritishcolonies,whichprovidedrawmaterialandlargemarketforBritaingoods,gainedtheirindependence.Third,Britainwasforcedtomaintainanexpensivemilitarypresenceinmanyoverseaslocationsuntiltheendof1960s.Fourth,BritainhadtomakesubstantialfinancialcontributionstoNATOandUNSecurityCouncil.Finally,BritainfailedtoinvestinindustryafterWorldWarIIwhereasitscompetitorslikeGermanyandJapancaughtupwithBritainbyinvestinginthemostmodernequipmentandmeansofproduction.

roledoesthemediaplayinBritainleisureculture

ThemediaplaysanessentialroleinBritainleisureculturesinceithelpstoshapethepublic’sopinion,determinepeople’smoralandpoliticalorientationandconsolidateorunderminetheruleofagovernment.

didAmericachangeitspolicyandenterWorldWarII

TheAmerica’spolicyofneutralitychangedin1940.BecauseoftheformationoftheAxis,theAmericangovernmentfearedthattheAxiscountrieswerewinningthewaranditmightthreatenAmerica’ssecurityandinterests.ItbegantoprovidewarequipmenttotheforeignnationsresistingtheaggressionoftheAxisPowers.TheJapaneseairraidonPearlHarborbecamethedirectcauseforAmerica’sentranceintothewar.

madetheUnitedStatesapowerfulcountrybytheendofWorldWarII

Duringthetwoworldwars,Americaremainedneutralintheearlystageofthewars.However,Americanscontinuedtheirprofitabletradewiththewarringcountries;therefore,theynotonlyretainedtheirmilitaryforcesbutalsoaccumulatedgreatwealth.WhenAmericaenteredthewars,itwasalmostattheendofthewars.Bysharingthefruitofvictorywithotherallies,Americagreatlystrengtheneditspower,andbecamethemostpowerfulcountrybytheendofWorldWarII.

isthedifferencebetweentheDemocratsandtheRepublicansintermsofpoliticalopinions

TheDemocratswantthegovernmenttoplayanimportantroleintheeconomyandemphasizefullemploymentasamatterofnationalconcern.Theyfavorcivilrightslaws,astrongsocialsecuritysystem,lessrestrictiveabortionlaws,amongothers.TheRepublicansfavoraneconomicsystemwhichgivesenterprisesagreaterfreedomanddemandthatthegovernmentcontrolinflation.Theystresstheneedforlawandorder,andopposecompletegovernmentsocialprogramsandfreechoiceofabortion.Theyalsofavorastrongmilitarypostureandassertivestandininternationalrelations.

aretheoriginsofThanksgivingDay

ThanksgivingisassociatedwiththetimewhenEuropeansfirstcametotheNewWorld.In1620,theMayflowerarrivedandbroughtabout150Pilgrims.Lifeatthebeginningwasveryhardandtherewasnotenoughfood,somanyofthemdied.DuringthefollowingsummertheNativeAmericanshelpedthemandthentheyhadabountifulharvest.SotheyheldabigcelebrationtothankGodandtheNativeAmericans.

aretheidealsthatguidetheAmericaneducationalsystem