2023-2024學年北京市豐臺區(qū)高一上學期期中考試 英語試題B卷（解析版）

PAGEPAGE2北京市豐臺區(qū)2023-2024學年高一上學期期中考試英語試題（B卷）筆試（共三部分100分）第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Iwasluckyenoughtotestintothebesthighschoolinthecity.Butthencamemy___1___:AmIgoodenough?Itwasaquestionthat___2___methroughmyfirstmonth,evenasIbegantosettlein,evenasIgotusedtotheearlymorningwake-upsandmovingbetweenbuildingsforclass.IknewIhadtoworktogroundmyself.Myearlieststrategyinvolvedkeepingquietandtryingto___3___mynewclassmates.Whowerethesekidsanyway?Howdidtheylearninschool?AllIknewwasthattheywerethesmartestkidsinthecity,obviously.___4___wasn’tIaswell?Hadn’tIlandedherebecauseIwassmartlikethem?ThetruthisthatIdidn’tknow.This___5___waslikeadeadlycell(細胞)thatthreatenedtodivideanddivideagain,unlessIcouldfindsomewaytostopit.Fortunately,myfirstroundofgradesturnedouttobe___6___,andsodidmysecond.Overthecourseofmyfirsttwoyears,Ibegantobuildthesamekindof___7___I’dhadatmypreviousschool.Witheachlittleachievement,mydoubt___8___tookleave.Ilovedanysubjectthatinvolvedwritingandlaboredthroughmath.Ihadclassmateswhowerealwaysasteportwoaheadofme,whoseachievementsseemedeffortless,butItriednottoletthatgettome.IwasbeginningtounderstandthatifIputinextrahoursofstudying,Icouldoften___9___thegap.Iwasn’tastraight-Astudent,butIwasalways___10___andImadeprogress.1.A.excitement B.satisfaction C.anger D.worry2.A.freed B.dogged C.warmed D.guided3.A.observe B.admire C.support D.calm4.A.Or B.So C.But D.For5.A.guess B.doubt C.interest D.risk6.A.excellent B.average C.different D.typical7.A.responsibility B.friendship C.confidence D.teamwork8.A.suddenly B.frequently C.accidentally D.slowly9.A.close B.notice C.control D.create10.A.expecting B.trying C.wondering D.suffering【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.C5.B6.A7.C8.D9.A10.B【語篇導讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者轉到城里最好的高中之后的適應過程。從剛開始的自我懷疑，取得了小成績之后，疑慮慢慢消失，找回自信，并堅持一直努力，到最后取得成績和進步。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但隨之而來的是我的擔憂：我足夠好嗎？A.excitement興奮；B.satisfaction滿意；C.anger生氣；D.worry擔憂。根據(jù)后文“AmIgoodenough?(我夠好嗎？)”可知，作者對自己有所懷疑和“擔憂”。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個問題在我入學的第一個月里一直困擾著我，即使我已經(jīng)開始適應，即使我已經(jīng)習慣了清晨起床，在教學樓之間穿梭上課。A.freed釋放；B.dogged(長期)困擾；C.warmed溫暖；D.guided帶領。根據(jù)后文“evenasIbegantosettlein,evenasIgotusedtotheearlymorningwake-upsandmovingbetweenbuildingsforclass.”可推知，這個問題“困擾著”作者很長一段時間。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我最早的策略是保持安靜，盡力觀察我的新同學。A.observe觀察；B.admire欽佩；C.support支持；D.calm使平靜下來。根據(jù)后文“Whowerethesekidsanyway?Howdidtheylearninschool?(這些孩子到底是誰?他們在學校是怎么學習的?)”可知，作者在“觀察”班里的同學。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：但我不也是嗎？A.Or或者；B.So因此；C.But但是；D.For因為。分析語境可知，前文“AllIknewwasthattheywerethesmartestkidsinthecity,obviously.(我只知道他們顯然是城里最聰明的孩子)”可知，作者認為新的同學們都很聰明，后文“wasn’tIaswell?(我不也是嗎？)”則是對自己的懷疑，前后文之間為轉折關系。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這種懷疑就像一個致命的細胞，威脅著要分裂再分裂，除非我能找到辦法阻止它。A.guess猜測；B.doubt懷疑；C.interest使感興趣；D.risk冒風險。分析句子可知，“This”指代前文“wasn’tIaswell?Hadn’tIlandedherebecauseIwassmartlikethem?(但我不也是嗎？我來到這里不就是因為我和他們一樣聰明嗎？)”，這是作者初到新的學校和班級時對自己的“懷疑”。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，我的第一輪成績很優(yōu)秀，第二輪也是如此。A.excellent極好的；B.average普通的；C.different不同的；D.typical典型的。根據(jù)“Fortunately(幸運地是)”可推知，作者第一輪的成績應該“極好的”。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在最初的兩年里，我開始建立起和在上一所學校時一樣的信心。A.responsibility責任；B.friendship友誼；C.confidence信心；D.teamwork團隊合作。根據(jù)前文“Fortunately,myfirstroundofgradesturnedouttobe,andsodidmysecond.(幸運的是，我的第一輪成績很優(yōu)秀，第二輪也是如此)”可知，作者的成績保持的很好，這讓作者有了“信心”。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著每一項小小的成就，我的疑慮慢慢消失了。A.suddenly突然；B.frequently頻繁地；C.accidentally意外地；D.slowly緩慢地。根據(jù)前文“Witheachlittleachievement(每一個小小的成就)”可知，隨著每取得一點成績，作者的自我懷疑就消失了，與“l(fā)ittle”相呼應，這里應是“slowly”，表達“慢慢地消失”。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始明白，如果我多花幾個小時學習，我經(jīng)?？梢钥s小這種差距。A.close縮小；B.notice注意；C.control控制；D.create創(chuàng)造。分析語境可知，“thegap(差距)”應是指前文“alwaysasteportwoaheadofme”提及的與成績好的同學之間的差距，作者認為通過努力，可以“縮小”這種差距。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不是一個優(yōu)等生，但我一直在努力，而且我取得了進步。A.expecting期待；B.trying努力；C.wondering想知道；D.suffering遭受。根據(jù)后文“Imadeprogress(我取得了進步)”可知，作者取得了進步是因為付出了“努力”。故選B項。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,I____11____(stand)bythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.Ivoicedmybiggestconcerntomymother,“HowwillImakefriends?”She____12____(hand)meadvice,“Beyourself.”Forthepast20years,I____13____(live)bythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervouslyfacing____14____(challenge),IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself.”【答案】11.stood##wasstanding12.handed13.havelived##havebeenliving14.challenges【語篇導讀】本文是篇記敘文。文章講述了作者二十年來，一直堅持第一天上學時媽媽告訴他的“做自己”，并且在今后的日子里，也會始終堅持“做自己”。【11題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：在上一年級的第一天，我站在門邊，心里七上八下。分析句子可知，空處應為謂語動詞；根據(jù)時間狀語“Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade”和句意可知，應用一般過去時或過去進行時，表示過去發(fā)生的動作或當時正在發(fā)生的動作。故填stood/wasstanding?！?2題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：她給我的建議是:“做你自己。”分析句子可知，空處應為謂語動詞；根據(jù)“voiced”和句意可知，本句還是在講述“Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade”（上一年級的第一天）所發(fā)生的事情，故應用一般過去時。故填handed?！?3題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：在過去的20年里，我一直以這句話為生。分析句子可知，空處應為謂語動詞；根據(jù)時間狀語“Forthepast20years”和句意可知，應用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示過去20年來已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或一直發(fā)生的動作，有可能會繼續(xù)下去。故填havelived/havebeenliving。【14題詳解】考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：緊張面對挑戰(zhàn)時，我知道我會對自己低聲說“做你自己”這幾個簡單的字。分析句子可知，空處應為名詞，作賓語；challenge表示“挑戰(zhàn)”，為可數(shù)名詞，故應用復數(shù)形式，表泛指。故填challenges。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。SavingnatureisattheveryheartofwhatwedoasWorldWildlifeFund(WWF).Weprotectwildlifeformanyreasons.Itisasourceofinspiration.Itboostsasenseofwonder.Itisfundamental(重要的)tothebalanceofnature.Inourwork,WWF___15___(focus)onsavingpopulationsofthemostimportantspeciesinthewild.____16____(final),byprotectingspecies,wesavethisbeautifulandirreplaceableplanet____17____iscalledhome.【答案】15.focuses16.Finally17.that/which【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了拯救自然是我們世界自然基金會（WWF）工作的核心，解釋了其保護野生動物的原因?！?5題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：在我們的工作中，世界自然基金會專注于拯救野外最重要物種的種群。陳述事實用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為WWF，謂語用三單形式。故填focuses。【16題詳解】考查副詞。句意：最后，通過保護物種，我們拯救了這個美麗而不可替代的星球，我們稱之為家。修飾后文句子應用副詞finally，作狀語，首字母大寫。故填Finally?！?7題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：最后，通過保護物種，我們拯救了這個美麗而不可替代的星球，我們稱之為家。定語從句修飾先行詞planet，在從句中作主語，指物，用關系代詞that或which引導。故填that/which。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。AftercollegeIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworld,soIjoinedthePeaceCorpsand____18____(become)avolunteerteacherinNamibia.Thiswasmyfirsttimegoingabroadandliving____19____localpeople.Simplygettingusedtothelivingconditionswasabigchallenge.Honestly,myfirstchoicewasn’tAfrica,butIamthankfulthatI____20____(send)there.BeforeNamibia,IneverthoughtIwouldadapttosuchasituation.Stepoutsideofyourcomfortzoneandfacethechallenge.Youwon’tregretit.【答案】18.became19.with20.wassent【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者大學畢業(yè)后，去納米比亞成為了一名志愿教師，并且很快適應了當?shù)氐沫h(huán)境，作者鼓勵大家勇敢走出自己的舒適區(qū)，面對挑戰(zhàn)?！?8題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：大學畢業(yè)后，我想改變世界，所以我加入了和平隊，并在納米比亞當了一名志愿教師。分析句子可知，空處應為動詞，與“joined”作并列謂語，句子使用一般過去時，表示過去發(fā)生的動作，動詞應用過去式形式。故填became?！?9題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這是我第一次出國，和當?shù)厝嗽谝黄鹕?。分析句子可知，空處應為介詞，后接名詞短語“l(fā)ocalpeople”作賓語；根據(jù)句意，這里是指“和當?shù)厝艘黄鹕睢保磍ivewithlocalpeople。故填with。【20題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：實話說，我的第一選擇不是非洲，但我很感激被送到了那里。分析句子可知，空處應為謂語動詞；根據(jù)前文“soIjoinedthePeaceCorpsand1(become)avolunteerteacherinNamibia.”中的謂語動詞及句意可知，作者去納米比亞當志愿教師是過去發(fā)生的動作，故空處應用一般過去時，主語I與send之間應為被動關系，表示“我被送往”，應用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語是I，be動詞應用was。故填wassent。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ASunshineHighSchoolEcoCentralThiswebsiteisallaboutlookingaftertheEarth.Therearefactsaboutdifferentanimals,aswellasinformationaboutforests,desertsandoceans:Youcanuploadyourownvideosontothesiteforeveryonetosee.TeenPressThisisoneofthebestsitesonthewebforteenagerswholovewriting.Youcanshareyourworkwithothers,andtherearemessageboardswhereyoucanchataboutthingsthatareimportanttoyou.ChannelTwentyOnthissiteyoucanwatchadailynewsprogramandsearchforinformationaboutbignewsstories.Therearealsovideosondifferentsubjects,articlesaboutfamousbands,gamesandcompetitions.Inside-the-coverFindingoutaboutyourfavoritewritersiseasyonthissite.Therearelotsofinterestingarticlesandinformationaboutthelatestbooks.Youcanreadblogsbywell-knownwritersandpostquestionstothem.Andyouarelikelytogetrepliesfromthem.Tune-inTherearemillionsofsongsonthiswebsiteforyoutodownloadorlistentoonline.Youcansaveyourfavoritesongsinyourownlist.Ifyou’reinaband,youcanrecordyourmusicanduploadit.Thewebsiteislarge,butthemenusareeasytouse.ScienceZoneThere’slotsofinformationonthissiteaboutmaths,chemistryandbiology.Youcanvisitsomeoftheworld’smostfamousmuseums,orwatchwildlifeviawebcams.Therearealsosomeverycoolgames,suchasSavethePlanet.21.TeenPressisawebsiteforteenagerswho________.A.enjoywriting B.careabouttheEarthC.likewatchingthenews D.areinterestedinmusic22.OnInside-the-cover,youcan________.A.takewritingclasses B.shareyourarticlesC.learnaboutthelatestbooks D.answerthewriters’questions23.Ifyoulikevisitingonlinemuseums,whichwebsiteisbestforyou?A.EcoCentral. B.ScienceZone.C.Tune-in. D.ChannelTwenty.24.Theauthorwritesthepassageto________.A.introducewebsitestoteenagersB.teachteenagerstodesignwebsitesC.encourageteenagerstocreatewebsitesD.comparedifferentwebsitesforteenagers【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.A【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了六個網(wǎng)站，分別涉及到了動物、寫作、新聞、新書、歌曲和博物館方面的信息?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TeenPress部分的Thisisoneofthebestsitesonthewebforteenagerswholovewriting.（對于喜歡寫作的青少年來說，這是最好的網(wǎng)站之一。）可知，TeenPress是一個為喜歡寫作的青少年開設的網(wǎng)站。故選A?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Inside-the-cover部分的Therearelotsofinterestingarticlesandinformationaboutthelatestbooks.（有很多關于最新書籍的有趣的文章和信息。）可知，在Inside-the-cover，你可以了解最新的書籍。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ScienceZone部分的Youcanvisitsomeoftheworld’smostfamousmuseums,orwatchwildlifeviawebcams.(你可以參觀一些世界上最著名的博物館，或者通過網(wǎng)絡攝像頭觀看野生動物)可知，如果你喜歡參觀網(wǎng)上博物館，ScienceZone最適合你。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文以及文章各段落的主要內容可知，本文介紹了六個網(wǎng)站，分別涉及到了動物、寫作、新聞、新書、歌曲和博物館方面的信息，作者寫這篇文章是為了向青少年介紹網(wǎng)站。故選A。BItwasaweekaftermymomhadpassedawayandIdidn’tknowhowtogoonwithlife.SowhenIreceivedanemailfromafriendaboutaracebenefitingcancerresearch,Iignoredit.Itseemedtoprickmyheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.Butsomethingaboutmyfriend’swords—“Icanhelporganizethewholething”—stuckwithme.Ifeltobliged（有義務的）toagree.Intheweekstocome,Imanagedtore-entertheworldoftheliving.Icheckedourteam’swebsitedaily,feelingproudeachtimeadonationtickedupourtotal.Iknewmymomwouldhavewanteditthatway.Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspiritthathelpedmegetby.Whentheraceended,Inoticedtherunnersallhadonethingincommon:Therewerebigsmilesontheirfaces.Theymadeitlooksorewardingandeffortless.Iwantedin.SoIenrolledinanotherracetwomonthslater.ConsideringIcouldbarelyrunamile,itwasambitious.ButmyfriendandImadeatrainingplansoIwouldn’tcomeinlast.Ifolloweditreligiouslyanddidn’tletanythinggetinmyway.Runningupanddownthecity’shills,Iwasfloodedwithmemories.Ihadlivedthereaftercollegeandmymotherhadvisitedoften.IpassedBloomingdale’s,recallingthetimesheandIhadgottenintoascreamingargumentthere.IwasabouttobeatmyselfupwhenIrememberedwhatMomhadsaidafterherdiagnosisofcancer.“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.”Herpaper-thinhandshadheldmetightly.Aweightliftedfrommyshoulders.Whentheracedayarrived,Igaveitmyallformymomandforallshehadtaughtmeandcontinuedtoteachme.AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.25.Whydidtheauthorignoretheemailinthebeginning?A.Shefeltithardtofinishtherace.B.Shehadnotimetojoinintheevent.C.Shethoughttheresearchmeaningless.D.Shewasremindedofhermother’sdeath.26.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorrecoverfromhermom’sdeath?A.Thecompanyofherfriends. B.Theinspirationfromhermom.C.Thepleasureingoingforarun. D.Thesuccessinorganizinganevent.27.Whichofthewordscanbestdescribetheauthor’smom?A.Considerateandpolite. B.Braveandhumorous.C.Strong-willedandcaring. D.Outgoingandpatient.28.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowIGotHealedinRunning B.TheLossofSweetMemoriesC.WhatMattersMostinRunning D.TheRewardsofGreatFriendship【答案】25.D26.B27.C28.A【語篇導讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者母親去世之后，作者對母親的回憶及母親賜予作者的力量，使他能夠從悲傷中走出來，積極面對生活?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“Itseemedtoprickmyheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.”（這件事似乎刺痛了我的心，正是癌癥奪去了我母親的生命。）可知這個比賽使作者想起了因癌癥過世的母親。故選D項?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspiritthathelpedmegetby.”（她是那種永遠不會被打敗的人。正是這種精神幫助我度過那段艱難的時期。）可知，母親永不言敗的精神支撐作者從悲傷中恢復。故選B項?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第六句“Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.”（她是那種永遠不會被打敗的人。）可知作者的母親意志力堅強，并結合第六段第二句“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.”（我不希望你對任何事情感到內疚。）說明母親關心愛護作者。所以作者母親是一個意志堅強，又體貼的人。故選C項。【28題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.”（在賽跑的時候，每當我想慢下來的時候，就會看到母親鼓勵我的畫面。通過終點線時，我內心充滿了她的關愛和一種平和感。）并結合上文作者對母親的回憶，可知母親治愈了作者，正是母親的鼓勵，他才能完成比賽。故選A項。CWerelyonourmemorynotonlyforsharingstorieswithfriendsorlearningfromourpastexperiences,butwealsouseitforcrucialthingslikecreatingasenseofpersonalidentity.Yetevidenceshowsthatourmemoryisn’tasconsistentaswe’dliketobelieve.Therearecountlessreasonswhytinymistakesmighthappeneachtimewerecallpastevents,rangingfromwhatwebelieveistrueorwishweretrue,towhatsomeoneelsetoldusaboutthepastevent,orwhatwewantthatpersontothink.Andwheneverthesemistakeshappen,theycanhavelong-termeffectsonhowwe’llrecallthatmemoryinthefuture.Takestorytellingforexample.Whenwedescribeourmemoriestootherpeople,wemightaskourselveswhetherit’svitaltogetthefactsstraight,orwhetherweonlywanttomakethelistenerlaugh.Andwemightchangethestory’sdetailsdependingonthelistener’sattitudes.Itisn’tonlythemessagethatchanges,butsometimesit’salsothememoryitself.Thisisknownasthe“audience-tuningeffect”,showingushowourmemoriescanchangeautomaticallyovertime,asaproductofhow,when,andwhyweaccessthem.Infact,sometimessimplytheactofrehearsing(復述)amemorycanbeexactlywhatmakesitsusceptible(易受影響的)tochange.Thisisknownas“retrieval-enhancedsuggestibility”.Inatypicalstudyofthiseffect,participantswatchedashortfilm,thentookamemorytestafewdayslater.Butduringthedaysbetweenwatchingthefilmandtakingthefinaltest,twootherthingshappened.First,halfoftheparticipantstookapracticememorytest.Second,alloftheparticipantsweregivenadescriptionofthefilmtoread,whichcontainedsomefalsedetails.Participantswhotookapracticememorytestshortlybeforereadingthefalseinformationweremorelikelytoreproducethisfalseinformationinthefinalmemorytest.Whymightthisbe?Onetheoryisthatrehearsingourmemoriesofpasteventscantemporarilymakethosememoriesmalleable.Inotherwords,retrieving(找回)amemorymightbeabitliketakingice-creamoutofthefreezerandleavingitindirectsunlightforawhile.Bythetimeourmemorygoesbackintothefreezer,itmighthavenaturallybecomealittlemisshapen,especiallyifsomeonehasinfluenceditpurposelyinthemeantime.Thesefindingsleadustowonderhowmuchourmosttreasuredmemorieshavechangedsincetheveryfirsttimewerememberedthem.Rememberingisanactofstorytelling,afterall.Andourmemoriesareonlyeverasreliableasthemostrecentstorywetoldourselves.29.Accordingtothe“audience-tuningeffect”,ourmemoriescan________.A.changeourpersonalidentity B.correctmistakesontheirownC.determineourattitudestoothers D.beaffectedbyhowwehandlethem30.Whatcanweinferfromthestudyof“retrieval-enhancedsuggestibility”?A.Practicecanmakeimperfect. B.Storytellingbringsbackmemories.C.Rehearsingcontributestobettermemories. D.Memoryabilitiesvaryfrompersontoperson.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malleable”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Acceptable. B.Valuable. C.Changeable. D.Controllable.【答案】29.D30.A31.C【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文。通過實驗研究證明反復的回憶會使記憶發(fā)生改變。【29題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Thisisknownasthe“audience-tuningeffect”,showingushowourmemoriescanchangeautomaticallyovertime,asaproductofhow,when,andwhyweaccessthem.(這就是所謂的“觀眾調諧效應”，它向我們展示了我們的記憶是如何隨著時間的推移而自動變化的，這是我們如何、何時以及為什么讀取記憶的結果)”可知，我們處理記憶的方式會影響我們的記憶。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Infact,sometimessimplytheactofrehearsing(復述)amemorycanbeexactlywhatmakesitsusceptible(易受影響的)tochange.(事實上，有時僅僅是復述記憶的行為就能使記憶容易改變。)”結合本段中的實驗結果可知，復述記憶次數(shù)多的受試者更容易改變記憶。由此可推知，經(jīng)常回憶并不會完美的重現(xiàn)記憶。故選A?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句“Bythetimeourmemorygoesbackintothefreezer,itmighthavenaturallybecomealittlemisshapen,especiallyifsomeonehasinfluenceditpurposelyinthemeantime.(當我們的記憶回到冰庫時，它可能會自然而然地變得有點畸形，特別是如果有人同時有意的影響它)”可知，這里將記憶與取出冰箱的冰激凌作類比，冰激凌會融化變形，記憶也一樣會發(fā)生改變。由此可推知，劃線詞malleable與changeable同義，表示“可變的”。故選C。DOvermillionsofyearshumanshaverespondedtocertainsituationswithoutthinkingtoohard.Ifourancestorsspottedmovementinthenearbyforest,theywouldrunfirstandquestionlater.Atthesametime,theabilitytoanalyzeandtoplanispartofwhatseparatesusfromotheranimals.Thequestionofwhentotrustyourinstinct(直覺)andwhentothinkslowmattersintheofficeasmuchasinthesavannah(草原).Slowthinkingisthefeatureofawell-managedworkplace.Yetinstinctalsohasitsplace.Somedecisionsaremoreconnectedtoemotionalresponsesandlesstoanalysis.Indemandingcustomer-serviceorpublic-facingsituations,instinctisoftenabetterguidetohowtobehave.Instinctcanalsobeimproved.Plentyofresearchhasshownthatinstinctbecomesmoreunerringwithexperience.Inonewell-knownexperiment,volunteerswereaskedtoassesswhetheraselectionofdesignerhandbagswererealornot.Somewereinstructedtooperateoninstinctandotherstodeliberate(深思熟慮)overtheirdecision.Instinctworkedbetterforthosewhoownedatleastthreedesignerhandbags;indeed,itoutperformedanalysis.Themoreexpertyoubecome,thebetteryourinstincttendstobe.However,therealreasontoembracefastthinkingisthatitis,well,fast.Itisoftentheonlywaytogetthroughtheday.Totakeoneexample,whenyourinboxfloodswithnewemailsatthestartofanewday,thereisabsolutelynowaytoreadthemallcarefully.Instinctiswhathelpsyoudecidewhichonestoanswerandwhichtodeleteorleaveunopened.Fastthinkingcanalsohelptheentireorganization.Thevalueofmanymanagerialdecisionsliesinthesimplefactthattheyhavebeenmadeatall.Yetasdataexplodes,thetemptation(誘惑)toaskforonemorebitofanalysishasbecomemuchhardertoresist.Managersoftensufferfromoverthinking,turningasimpleproblemintoacomplexone.Whentouseinstinctintheworkplacerestsonitsownformofpatternrecognition.Doesthedecisionmakerhaverealexpertiseinthisarea?Isthisafieldinwhichemotionmattersmorethanreasoning?Aboveall,isitworthdelayingthedecision?Slowthinkingisneededtogetthebigcallsright.Butfastthinkingisthewaytostopdeliberationturningtoawasteoftime.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unerring”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Accurate. B.Creative. C.Controllable. D.Obvious.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Managerscanaffordthecostofslowthinking.B.Fastthinkingcanbeaboosttoworkefficiency.C.Slowthinkingwillholdusbackinthelongrun.D.Toomuchdataistoblameforwrongdecisions.34.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Toexplainhowinstinctworks.B.Tocompareinstinctandslowthinking.C.Tohighlightthevalueofinstinctintheworkplace.D.Toillustratethedevelopmentofdifferentthinkingpatterns.【答案】32.A33.B34.C【語篇導讀】這是一篇議論文。主要論述了直覺在工作場所的應用價值?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Instinctcanalsobeimproved.”（直覺能夠被改善。）及最后一句“Themoreexpertyoubecome,thebetteryourinstincttendstobe.”（你變得越熟練，直覺越準確。）說明隨著熟練度的提高，直覺也會越來越準確。故“unerring”應是“無偏差的，精確的”意思。故選A項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第四句第五句“Instinctiswhathelpsyoudecidewhichonestoanswerandwhichtodeleteorleaveunopened.Fastthinkingcanalsohelptheentireorganization.”（直覺能夠幫助你決定哪些郵件需要回復，哪些需要刪除，哪些不用打開?？焖偎伎家矊φ麄€組織有益。）可知快速思考可以提高工作效率，避免在不重要的事情上浪費時間。故選B項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Thequestionofwhentotrustyourinstinct(直覺)andwhentothinkslowmattersintheofficeasmuchasinthesavannah(草原)”.（什么時候應該相信你的直覺及什么時候應該緩慢思考的問題在辦公室和在大草原上一樣重要。）可知，在工作場所，直覺也是很重要的。結合最后一段第一句“Whentouseinstinctintheworkplacerestsonitsownformofpatternrecognition.”（什么時候在工作場所使用直覺取決于其自身的識別模式。）可知要具體分析在工作場所使用直覺的情況。聯(lián)系全文內容可知，本文主要強調了直覺在工作場所的應用價值。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Itwon’tsoundlikeabigsurprisewhenItellyouthatkindnessplaysanimportantroleinaperson’swellbeing.Itcanleadtochangeslikehigherself-esteem(自尊心)andlowerbloodpressure.Evenjustwitnessingactsofkindnesscanmakeushappier.____35____“Fromgivingawayacupofhotchocolateinaparktogivingawayagiftinthelab,thoseperforminganactofkindnessconsistentlyunderestimatedhowpositivetheirreceiverswouldfeel,thinkingtheiractwasoflessvaluethanreceiversperceivedittobe,”statesastudy.____36____Yet,whyistherethisdifferencebetweenwhatwethinksomeonewillfeelfromanactofkindnessversuswhattheydofeel?Whydoweunderestimatetheimpactwehaveonothers?Manyofusdon’thavearealsenseofourvalue.It’sbeenestimatedthatasmanyas85percentofpeoplestrugglewithlowself-esteem.____37____This“voice”tendstoshiftourfocusinwardassessingoureverymove,andhavingbadeffectonourrelationships.Unlikeaconscience(良心),thisinnercriticdoesn’tmotivatepositivebehavior.____38____Itencouragesustoholdbackfeedingusthoughtslike,“Don’tstickyourneckout”:“Noonewantstohearfromyou”;and“You’regoingtomakeafoolofyourself.”O(jiān)newonderfulwaytofightagainstourcriticalinnervoiceisthroughactsofbeingkindtoothers.____39____Wemustalsotrytoseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofthepeopleweaffect.Thedegreetowhichwe’reabletodothatwillhelpdetermineourownhappinessalongwiththehappinesswelightupinothers.A.However,theworkdoesn’tstopthere.B.Peoplemaylowerthevalueoftheirownkindcomments.C.Weallcarryarounda“criticalinnervoice”thattendstoputusdown.D.Insteadofseeingwhatwehavetooffer,wemaythinkofourselvesasaburden.E.Thismisunderstandingsuggeststhatpeopledevaluetheirownactionsinrelationtoothers.F.Instead,itturnsusagainstourselves,makingusunderestimateourbeneficialeffectonothers.G.Yet,peoplemaynottrulyknowtheimpactthateventhesmallestofkindactscanhaveonanotherperson.【答案】35.G36.E37.C38.F39.A【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了善良在一個人的幸福中起著重要作用時，這聽起來并不是一個大驚喜。然而令人驚訝的卻是，人們可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善舉也會對另一個人產(chǎn)生什么影響。這是因為一種“內心批判”在促使人們貶低自己對他人產(chǎn)生的價值。要摒棄掉自我內心批判，同時看到對他人的積極影響，能夠做到這一點的程度將有助于決定我們自己的幸福以及我們在他人身上點燃的幸福?！?5題詳解】設空句為該段主旨句，后文內容時對其具體的解釋。根據(jù)后文“‘Fromgivingawayacupofhotchocolateinaparktogivingawayagiftinthelab,thoseperforminganactofkindnessconsistentlyunderestimatedhowpositivetheirreceiverswouldfeel,thinkingtheiractwasoflessvaluethanreceiversperceivedittobe,’statesastudy.(一項研究稱：“從在公園里送一杯熱巧克力到在實驗室里送一份禮物，那些表現(xiàn)出善意的人總是低估了接受者的積極感受，認為他們的行為沒有接受者想象的那么有價值?！?”可知，該部分強調表現(xiàn)善意的人低估了自己的行為對他人的影響。選項G“Yet,peoplemaynottrulyknowtheimpactthateventhesmallestofkindactscanhaveonanotherperson.(然而，人們可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善舉也會對另一個人產(chǎn)生什么影響。)”在句意上貼合該段主旨，“eventhesmallestofkindacts(甚至是最小的善舉)”對應后文的“Fromgivingawayacupofhotchocolateinaparktogivingawayagiftinthelab(從在公園里送一杯熱巧克力到在實驗室里送一份禮物)”。故選G項?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Yet,whyistherethisdifferencebetweenwhatwethinksomeonewillfeelfromanactofkindnessversuswhattheydofeel?Whydoweunderestimatetheimpactwehaveonothers?(然而，為什么我們認為某人會從善意行為中感受到的與他們的真實感受之間存在差異？為什么我們低估了我們對他人的影響？)”提出了一系列的疑問并結合上文內容可推知，設空句應是一個結論句，且上文內容有關，應包含關鍵詞“underestimate(低估，看輕)”含義。選項E“Thismisunderstandingsuggeststhatpeopledevaluetheirownactionsinrelationtoothers.(這種誤解表明，人們貶低自己與他人的關系。)”中主語“Thismisunderstanding”指代上一段內容，在句意上是針對上文得出的結論，且“devalue”對應“underestimate”，符合詞匯復現(xiàn)原則。故選E項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“This‘voice’tendstoshiftourfocusinwardassessingoureverymove,andhavingbadeffectonourrelationships.(這種“聲音”傾向于將我們的注意力轉移到評估我們的一舉一動，并對我們的關系產(chǎn)生不良影響。)”為第二次提出這種“聲音”，說明設空句應是首次提到這種“聲音”，且是一種產(chǎn)生消極影響的聲音。選項C“Weallcarryarounda“criticalinnervoice”thattendstoputusdown.(我們都有一種“批判的內心聲音”，這種聲音往往會讓我們失望。)”提出了名詞“批判的內心聲音”，符合分析。故選C項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Unlikeaconscience,thisinnercriticdoesn’tmotivatepositivebehavior.(與良心不同，這種內心的批評不會激發(fā)積極的行為。)”提出了“內心批判”是消極的，由此可推知，設空句應進一步強調其消極性的具體影響，同時包含話題“貶低自己的影響”。選項F“Instead,itturnsusagainstourselves,makingusunderestimateourbeneficialeffectonothers.(相反，它使我們與自己作對，使我們低估了自己對他人的有益影響。)”講到了內心批判對自己和對他人具體消極影響，且“Instead”與前文構成反義轉折關系，前后銜接緊密。故選F項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Onewonderfulwaytofightagainstourcriticalinnervoiceisthroughactsofbeingkindtoothers.(對抗我們批判的內心聲音的一個好方法是善待他人。)”提到了一個抵制內心批判的方式，后文“Wemustalsotrytoseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofthepeopleweaffect.(我們還必須努力通過我們所影響的人的眼睛來看待自己。)”則提到了下一個步驟，由此可推知，設空句應是轉折句，說明不僅僅有第一步，以承接后文。選項A“However,theworkdoesn’tstopthere.(然而，這項工作并不止于此。)”為轉折句，“thework”呼應前文內容，在句意上承接后文。故選A項。第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共12小題,共18分）閱讀下面文段，在設空處填入恰當?shù)脑~匯或短語。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。40.Idoawiderangeofthingsonline.Ishopforvariousthingsonline,suchasbooks,computerhardwareandothernecessities.It’sso__________tobeabletocomparethequalityandpricesfromdi