四川省涼山州西昌市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題【含答案解析】

西昌市2023—2024學(xué)年度上期期末檢測(cè)高二英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷分為第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分，試題卷10頁，答題卡2頁。全卷滿分為150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)用0.5毫米的黑色簽字筆填寫在答題卡上，并將條形碼粘貼在答題卡的指定位置;選擇題使用2B鉛筆填涂在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目標(biāo)號(hào)的位置上，其他試題用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆書寫在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題框內(nèi)，不得超越題框區(qū)域?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后將答題卡收回。第Ⅰ卷選擇題(滿分95分)第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whyisthemantakingaplasticbagonhiswalk?A.Todosomeshopping.B.Topickupafterthedog.C.Tocarrysometoysforthedog.2.Whatsportsarethespeakersdoing?A.Skating.B.Running.C.Swimming.3.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Getabottleofwine.B.LookforherIDcard.C.Showherbirthdaygift.4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Feedbirdsathome.BLookforherseatatthefronthall.C.Watchthemanperformattheconcert.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Terry’swedding.B.Thewoman’sfamily.C.Theman’sschoollife.第二節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthemanadmireaboutthewoman?A.Hertoughness.B.Herappearance.C.Herintelligence.7.Whenisthewoman’snextmeeting?A.Tomorrowmorning.B.Thisafternoon.C.Thisevening.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhydidthewomangotoJapan?A.Totakeatrip.B.Toworkthere.C.Tovisitherfamily.9.Wheredoesthemanwork?A.Inashop.B.Inabank.C.Inarestaurant.10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Familymembers.B.Friends.C.Co-workers.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whenwillthemanbefine?A.OnMonday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.12.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutMichigan?A.Theyareweak.B.TheybeatIowa.C.Theywillhaveatoughtime.13.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Stayinbed.B.Seeadoctor.C.Watchsometapes.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Howdoesthemansoundthroughouttheconversation?A.Enthusiastic.B.Indifferent.C.Surprised.15.Whatwouldthespeakers’kidsloveaboutthehouse?A.Ithasmanybedrooms.B.Ithasalotoffurniture.C.Ithasabiglivingroom.16.Howmanycupboardsarethereinthehouse?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.17.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Seethehouse.B.Moveintothehouse.C.Findmoreinformationaboutthehouse.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Wheredoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Atabirthdayparty.B.Atagoodbyeparty.C.Ataretirementceremony.19.WhatdothestudentsthinkofMissBrown?A.Sheisfriendlybutstrict.B.Sheisseriousandboring.C.Sheishumorousandpatient.20.Whoisthespeaker?A.Aparent.B.Ateacher.C.Astudent.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AInrecentyears,anumberofChina’stechnologicalinnovationshavebeenmakingtheirmovesintheworld.Amongthem,fourstandoutwithareputationofChina’s“fourgreatnewinventions”inmoderntimes,whichhavemadethedailylifeofthepublicmoreandmoreconvenient.1.SHAREDBICYCLESSharedbicycles,concentratingondealingwith‘thelastmile’inpeople’strips,haveboomedoverthelasttwoyears.MobikeandOfobecamethemainstreamafterthefiercemarketcompetition.AccordingtoasurveylaunchedbyQuestmobile,themonthlyfrequencyofuseofthemobileamountedto1.1billioninSeptemberthisyear.2.HIGH-SPEEDRAILBoastinglowcostandquickdelivery,Chinahasbuilttheworld’slongesthigh-speedrail(HSR)network.Ithadoperated2,595high-speedtrainsby2016,whichtookup60percentoftheworld’stotalhigh-speedtrains.3.ALIPAYAlipay,orZhifubao,hasbecomeChina’sleadingmobileandonlinepaymentservice,establishedin2004byChina’se-commercegiantAlibabaGroup.AlipaycanalsobeusedfortransferringmoneyfromoneAlipayonlineaccounttoanotheraccount,orfromtheonlineaccounttoabankaccountbybindingadebitcardtotheonlineaccount.4.E-COMMERCEWitharound731millionInternetusers,Chinahasbeentheworld’slargestandfastest-growinge-commercemarket.AccordingtothestatisticsfromChineseStatisticalBureau,in2016,China’sonlineretailsalesreached5155.6billionyuan,withyearonyeargrowthupto26.2%.Onlineshoppinghasbecomeavitalpartoflife.Thefunctionofsupermarketisevenbroughtonlineandfreshproductsbecomeavailableinfirst-tiercitiesnow.1.Whichcontributesmosttothefinalpartofatrip?A.Alipay B.E-commerce C.High-speedrail D.Sharedbicycles2.Whatdothefourinventionshaveincommon?A.Theyarecheapandefficient.B.TheyarerelatedtotheInternet.C.Theyhavebroughtgreatconveniencetopeople.D.TheyareonlypopularwithyoungChinesepeople.3.Whichofthefollowingisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Anewspaper. B.Atraveljournal. C.Abrochure. D.Atextbook.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。介紹了中國(guó)近年來在科技創(chuàng)新方面所取得的四項(xiàng)重大成果，被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代中國(guó)的“四大新發(fā)明”。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SHAREDBICYCLES下的“Sharedbicycles,concentratingondealingwith‘thelastmile’inpeople’strips,haveboomedoverthelasttwoyears.(共享單車專注于解決人們出行中的“最后一英里”問題，在過去兩年蓬勃發(fā)展。)”可知，共享單車對(duì)旅行的最后一部分貢獻(xiàn)最大。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Inrecentyears,anumberofChina’stechnologicalinnovationshavebeenmakingtheirmovesintheworld.Amongthem,fourstandoutwithareputationofChina’s“fourgreatnewinventions”inmoderntimes,whichhavemadethedailylifeofthepublicmoreandmoreconvenient.(近年來，中國(guó)的一些技術(shù)創(chuàng)新已經(jīng)走向世界。其中，有四項(xiàng)在近代以中國(guó)“新四大發(fā)明”的美譽(yù)脫穎而出，使公眾的日常生活越來越方便。)”可知，這四項(xiàng)發(fā)明的共同之處是它們給人們帶來了極大的方便。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Inrecentyears,anumberofChina’stechnologicalinnovationshavebeenmakingtheirmovesintheworld.Amongthem,fourstandoutwithareputationofChina’s“fourgreatnewinventions”inmoderntimes,whichhavemadethedailylifeofthepublicmoreandmoreconvenient.(近年來，中國(guó)的一些技術(shù)創(chuàng)新已經(jīng)走向世界。其中，有四項(xiàng)在近代以中國(guó)“新四大發(fā)明”的美譽(yù)脫穎而出，使公眾的日常生活越來越方便。)”可知，該段落討論了最近的科技創(chuàng)新及其對(duì)社會(huì)的影響，這是新聞報(bào)道中常見的話題，所以本文可能來自一份報(bào)紙。故選A項(xiàng)。BBeatriceDeLavalettewasjust17yearsoldwhenshewasseriouslyinjuredinaterroristattackinBelgium,losingbothofherlegsfromthekneedown.Theteenspentthenextseveralmonthsinreceivingtreatment,workinghardtoregainhermovementandindependence.Sheappreciatedherfamilyforsupportingherandcomfortingherbysayingthatlifewouldgoonduringthosedarkdays.Herbelovedhorse,DeeDee,wasespeciallyhelpfulinherrecovery.Beatricegrewupinanequestrian(馬術(shù)的)family.Shestartedridingwhenshewasjustakid,competingindressage(盛裝舞步)bythetimeshewas12.Whenhertherapist(治療專家)broughtDeeDeetothehospitalparkinglotoneday,Beatriceknewherloveofhorsesandridingwasthewayforward.Afewdayslater,hertherapistdrovehertothestables(馬廄),andliftedherupontoDeeDee,beginningherchallengingtaskofrelearninghowtoride.Eventhoughhermusclestrengthaswellashersenseofcontrolwasgone,sheneversubmittedtohermisfortune.Instead,shewaseagertogetbacktoher“reallife”.Littlebylittle,shesuccessfullyregainedthestrengthtoridewithoutassistance.Hereffortspaidoffeventually.InApril2017,Beatricewasabletoreturntocompetitionsatashow.Now,sixyearsaftertheaccidentthatalmostkilledher,shewasselectedtorepresentTeamUSAattheTokyo2020ParalympicGames!DeeDeehadretiredfromcompeting,soBeatricerodehernewhorse,aDutchwarmbloodnamedClarc.ThetwoofthemearnedfifthplaceinthegradeIIindividualcategoryandsixthinthefreestyle!“Mybeinghereshowsthatanythingispossible,”shesaid.“Iknowit’skindoftheusualthingtosay,butit’strue.Justgoforit.”4.WhendidBeatricegetseriouslyinjured?A.In2014. B.In2011. C.In2017. D.In2020.5.WhatmostprobablymadeBeatricedeterminedtorelearnriding?A.Herfamily’ssupport. B.Herindependentspirit.C.Hertherapist’streatment. D.Herpassionforhorseriding6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“submitted”inparagraph4probablymean?A.turnedin B.turneddown C.gavein D.gaveaway7.WhatcanwelearnfromBeatrice’sstory?A.Nopain,nogain. B.Interestisthebestteacher.C.Encouragementisthebestmedicine. D.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本文通過Beatrice遭遇雙腿截肢，卻仍然不屈不撓、努力拼搏走向東京殘奧會(huì)的勵(lì)志故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Now,sixyearsaftertheaccidentthatalmostkilledher,shewasselectedtorepresentTeamUSAattheTokyo2020ParalympicGames!(現(xiàn)在，在那次幾乎要了她的命的事故發(fā)生六年后，她被選為代表美國(guó)隊(duì)參加2020年東京殘奧會(huì)！)”可知，Beatrice是在2014年受傷的。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Whenhertherapist(治療專家)broughtDeeDeetothehospitalparkinglotoneday,Beatriceknewherloveofhorsesandridingwasthewayforward.(一天，當(dāng)她的治療師把迪迪帶到醫(yī)院的停車場(chǎng)時(shí)，Beatrice知道她對(duì)馬的熱愛和騎馬是前進(jìn)的道路)”可知，對(duì)騎馬的熱情使Beatrice決定重新學(xué)習(xí)騎馬。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Instead,shewaseagertogetbacktoher“reallife”.(相反，她渴望回到她的“真實(shí)生活”)”可知，Beatrice渴望回到她的“真實(shí)生活”，即她從未向自己的不幸屈服。故劃線詞意思是“屈服”。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ThetwoofthemearnedfifthplaceinthegradeIIindividualcategoryandsixthinthefreestyle!“Mybeinghereshowsthatanythingispossible,”shesaid.“Iknowit’skindoftheusualthingtosay,butit’strue.Justgoforit.”(他們兩人分別獲得了二級(jí)個(gè)人賽第五名和自由表演第六名！“我來到這里表明一切皆有可能，”她說?！拔抑肋@是一種常見的說法，但這是真的。只管去做吧?！?”結(jié)合本文通過Beatrice遭遇雙腿截肢，卻仍然不屈不撓、努力拼搏走向東京殘奧會(huì)的勵(lì)志故事?？赏浦?，故事告訴我們有志者，事竟成的道理。故選D。CDoyougetnervousthinkingaboutacomingmathtest?Ifyes,youarefarfromalone.Mathanxietyhasbecomeacommonpsychologicalconditionamongstudentsaroundtheworld.Studentsincountrieswithhigherlevelsofmathanxietytendtoachievelowermathgrades,accordingtoastudypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesonFeb15.AccordingtoaUniversityofCambridgestudy,inordinarylife,manypeopleexperiencesomedegreeofdiscomfortwhenfacedwithamathproblem,rangingfrommildtension(緊張)tostrongfear.Somepeoplealsoexperiencephysicalsymptomssuchassweaty(流汗的)palmsoraracingheart.Theymaythentrytoavoideverysituationinvolvingnumbers,meaningtheyareheldbackfrompickingupcareersrelatedtothissubject,suchasscience,technologyorengineering,accordingtoTheGuardian.However,thefactisthatthosewithmathanxietyaren’tnecessarilytobebadatmath.“Ifachildhasmathanxiety,don’tassumethatthey’renotgoodatmath.Theymayhavehadareallybadexperiencewithmathandtherearewaystoimprovemath,”DanielAnsari,theseniorauthorofthestudytoldTheLondonFreePress.“Studentswithmathanxietyarenotcognitively(認(rèn)知方面)disadvantaged.”Also,therearewaystomanageyourstressrelatedtomath.Ifyou’refeelingstressedbeforeamathexam,itmayhelptospendafewminutesexploringthosefeelingsbeforetheexambegins.“It’saboutmakingsureyou’reshowingyourfeelingscorrectly,”SianBeilock,acognitivescientistintheUStoldtheBBC.“Justbecauseyouhaveafastheartbeatandsweatypalms,thatdoesnotnecessarilymeanyouwillfail.”Alittlemathanxietycouldbetakenasapositivechallengetoovercome.Justlikemanypeoplegetstagefearbeforemakingaspeech,thisnervousenergycanhelptomotivate,accordingtoIanLyons,apsychologistatGeorgetownUniversityintheUS.8.Whichofthefollowingistrueofstudentswithmathanxiety?A.Theyarenotgoodatmath. B.Theywillsurelyfailintheexam.C.Theymayhavephysicalandmentaldiscomfort. D.Theywillnotbeallowedtodojobsrelatedtomath.9.WhatisSianBeilock’sviewonmathanxiety?A.Youwillfailifyouhavemathanxiety.B.Youshouldlearntounderstandyourfeelings.C.Youmustshowyourfeelingscorrectlybeforeamathexam.D.Afastheartbeatandsweatypalmsmaycausemathanxiety.10.Whatshouldastudentwithmathanxietysaytohimselfaccordingtothepassage?A.ThoughIcandoitwell,I’mworried. B.ThoughI’mworried,Icandoitwell.C.It’simpossibletogetridofmathanxiety. D.I’dbetternotgetstressedbeforeamathexam.11.What’stheauthor’spurposetowritethispassage?A.Tointroducepeople’sopinionsonmathanxiety.B.Toshowmathanxietyhavebadeffectsonstudents.C.Toarguemathanxietycanbeovercomeiftreatedproperly.D.Toprovestudentswithmathanxietyarenotcognitivelydisadvantaged.【答案】8.C9.B10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了什么是數(shù)學(xué)焦慮，數(shù)學(xué)焦慮的影響以及如何應(yīng)對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)焦慮。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AccordingtoaUniversityofCambridgestudy,inordinarylife,manypeopleexperiencesomedegreeofdiscomfortwhenfacedwithamathproblem,rangingfrommildtension(緊張)tostrongfear.(根據(jù)劍橋大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究，在日常生活中，許多人在面對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)問題時(shí)會(huì)感到某種程度的不適，從輕微的緊張到強(qiáng)烈的恐懼)”以及第三段“Somepeoplealsoexperiencephysicalsymptomssuchassweaty(流汗的)palmsoraracingheart.(有些人還會(huì)出現(xiàn)身體上的癥狀，比如手心出汗或心跳加速)”可知，有數(shù)學(xué)焦慮的學(xué)生可能會(huì)有身體和精神上的不適。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ifyou’refeelingstressedbeforeamathexam,itmayhelptospendafewminutesexploringthosefeelingsbeforetheexambegins.(如果你在數(shù)學(xué)考試前感到有壓力，在考試開始前花幾分鐘探索一下這些感覺可能會(huì)有所幫助)”可知，SianBeilock認(rèn)為，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)理解自己的感受。故選B。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ifyou’refeelingstressedbeforeamathexam,itmayhelptospendafewminutesexploringthosefeelingsbeforetheexambegins.“It’saboutmakingsureyou’reshowingyourfeelingscorrectly,”SianBeilock,acognitivescientistintheUStoldtheBBC.“Justbecauseyouhaveafastheartbeatandsweatypalms,thatdoesnotnecessarilymeanyouwillfail.”(如果你在數(shù)學(xué)考試前感到有壓力，在考試開始前花幾分鐘探索一下這些感覺可能會(huì)有所幫助。美國(guó)認(rèn)知科學(xué)家希恩·貝洛克在接受BBC采訪時(shí)表示：“這是為了確保你正確地表達(dá)自己的感受。僅僅因?yàn)槟阈奶涌臁⑹中某龊?，并不一定意味著你?huì)失敗。”)”可推知，數(shù)學(xué)焦慮的學(xué)生應(yīng)該對(duì)自己說：雖然我很擔(dān)心，但我能做好。故選B。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Also,therearewaystomanageyourstressrelatedtomath.(此外，還有一些方法可以管理與數(shù)學(xué)有關(guān)的壓力)”以及最后一段“Alittlemathanxietycouldbetakenasapositivechallengetoovercome.(一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的數(shù)學(xué)焦慮可以看作是一種需要克服的積極挑戰(zhàn))”結(jié)合文章主要說明了什么是數(shù)學(xué)焦慮，數(shù)學(xué)焦慮的影響以及如何應(yīng)對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)焦慮。可推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是指出如果處理得當(dāng)，數(shù)學(xué)焦慮是可以克服的。故選C。DLastweekatthestartoftheCOP28climateconferenceinDubai,134countriessignedanagreementaimingtoreducegreenhousegasemissions(排放)fromprocessesrelatedtoproducingandconsumingfood.Forthefirsttimeinnearlythreedecadesofclimateconferences,whichwereestablishedtohandleclimatechange,theimportanceoffoodsystemshasbeenrecognizedinthisway.Also,forthefirsttime,on10December,COP28willdevoteadaytodiscussingwaystoreduceemissionsfromfoodandagriculture.Manyhavewelcomedthemoves.“It’sgreattofinallyhavefoodontheCOPmenu,”saysClementMetivier,aclimateexpert,whoisattendingCOP28.”Thereisreallyagrowingmomentum(勢(shì)頭)aroundfoodsystemstransformationtohandleboththebiodiversityandclimatecrisis.”Butequally,researcherssaynotenoughisbeingdonetoreduceemissionsinoneoftheworld’sbiggest,largelyuntackledsourcesandthatwillinvolvesometoughpoliticaldecisions.Makingfoodsystemsmoresustainableplaysanimportantpartinkeepingalivethedreamoflimitingglobalwarmingto1.5℃abovepre-industriallevels,agreedatCOP21inParisin2015.Gettingfoodfromfarmtofood-tableaccountsforaroundathirdofglobalgreenhousegasemissions,accordingtoa2021studyinIspra,Italy.Theresearchersestimatedthatin2015,some70%oftheseemissionscamejustfromagricultureandland-usechanges-suchascuttingdowntreestoclearlandforcrops.Therearealsoobviousapproachestoreducingsomeoftheseimpacts,forexamplebylimitingtheuseoffossil-fuel-hungryfertilizers(肥料),orbyreducingfoodwaste.Roughlyhalfoffoodsystemsemissionscomefromfoodthatislostinthesupplychain-beforereachingtheconsumer-orwasted,accordingtoastudypublishedinMarchinNatureFood.Therefore,halvingfoodlossandwastecouldhelpremovesomegreenhousegasemissionsfromthefoodsystem.12.WhatwasdoneattheCOP28climateconference?A.Itrecognizedtheroleofmakingfoodsystemsmoresustainable.B.Itagreedtoreducegreenhousegasemissionsfromfoodsystems.C.Itdecidedtosettheworld’sdirectioninhandlingclimatechange.D.Itspentadayfindingwaystoreduceemissionsfromfoodsystems.13.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsthemoves?A.Positive B.Negative C.Neutral D.Uninterested14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“halving”probablymean?A.Decreasing B.Causing C.Comparing D.Combining15.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A.ThecausesleadingtoglobalwarmingB.Thedreamofstoppingglobalwarming.C.Thefoodlossandwastefromfarmtofoodtable.D.Thewaystoreduceeffectsoffoodsystemsonglobalwarming【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了上周，在迪拜舉行的COP28氣候大會(huì)開幕之際，134個(gè)國(guó)家簽署了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，旨在減少與食品生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)相關(guān)的過程中的溫室氣體排放。介紹了氣候大會(huì)的一些舉措和人們對(duì)此的看法。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Last

week

at

the

start

of

the

COP28

climate

conference

in

Dubai,134

countries

signed

an

agreement

aiming

to

reduce

greenhouse

gas

emissions

(排放)

from

processes

related

to

producing

and

consuming

food.(上周，在迪拜舉行的COP28氣候大會(huì)開幕之際，134個(gè)國(guó)家簽署了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，旨在減少與食品生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)相關(guān)的過程中的溫室氣體排放)”可知，COP28氣候大會(huì)同意減少糧食系統(tǒng)的溫室氣體排放。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Manyhavewelcomedthemoves.“It’sgreattofinallyhavefoodontheCOPmenu,”saysClementMetivier,aclimateexpert,whoisattendingCOP28.”Thereisreallyagrowingmomentum(勢(shì)頭)aroundfoodsystemstransformationtohandleboththebiodiversityandclimatecrisis.”Butequally,researcherssaynotenoughisbeingdonetoreduceemissionsinoneoftheworld’sbiggest,largelyuntackledsourcesandthatwillinvolvesometoughpoliticaldecisions.(許多人對(duì)這些舉措表示歡迎。參加第28屆聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化大會(huì)的氣候?qū)＜铱巳R門特·梅蒂維耶說：“終于有食物出現(xiàn)在締約方會(huì)議的菜單上了，這真是太好了。”在應(yīng)對(duì)生物多樣性和氣候危機(jī)方面，糧食系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型的勢(shì)頭確實(shí)越來越大?！钡瑯樱芯咳藛T表示，在減少世界上最大的、基本上尚未解決的排放源之一的排放方面，做得還不夠，這將涉及一些艱難的政治決策)”可推知，作者提到了一些人歡迎這些舉措說明了優(yōu)點(diǎn)，以及研究人員指出存在的問題，說明作者對(duì)這些舉措的態(tài)度是中立的。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“foodlossandwastecouldhelpremovesomegreenhousegasemissionsfromthefoodsystem”可知，要助于減少糧食系統(tǒng)中的一些溫室氣體排放，需要減少糧食損失和浪費(fèi)，故劃線詞意思是“減少”，故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Makingfoodsystemsmoresustainableplaysanimportantpartinkeepingalivethedreamoflimitingglobalwarmingto1.5℃abovepre-industriallevels,agreedatCOP21inParisin2015.(2015年在巴黎舉行的第21屆聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化大會(huì)(COP21)達(dá)成了將全球變暖限制在比工業(yè)化前水平高1.5℃的夢(mèng)想，而提高糧食系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)性對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)這一夢(mèng)想至關(guān)重要)”以及最后一段“Therearealsoobviousapproachestoreducingsomeoftheseimpacts,forexamplebylimitingtheuseoffossil-fuel-hungryfertilizers(肥料),orbyreducingfoodwaste.Roughlyhalfoffoodsystemsemissionscomefromfoodthatislostinthesupplychain-beforereachingtheconsumer-orwasted,accordingtoastudypublishedinMarchinNatureFood.Therefore,halvingfoodlossandwastecouldhelpremovesomegreenhousegasemissionsfromthefoodsystem.(也有一些明顯的方法可以減少這些影響，例如限制使用需要化石燃料的肥料，或者減少食物浪費(fèi)。3月份發(fā)表在《自然食品》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，大約一半的食品系統(tǒng)排放來自食品在到達(dá)消費(fèi)者之前在供應(yīng)鏈中丟失或浪費(fèi)。因此，將糧食損失和浪費(fèi)減半可能有助于減少糧食系統(tǒng)中的一些溫室氣體排放)”可知，最后兩段主要講了減少糧食系統(tǒng)對(duì)全球變暖影響的方法。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)多余選項(xiàng)。Thethoughtofanaturaldisastercanbefrightening,butyoucanprepareyourselfandyourfamilywithafewsimplesteps.____16____,gettingpreparedforseveralpossiblesituationswillhelpyoubetterdealwithanemergency.Filloutanemergencyplan.Createanemergencyplanforyourfamilyincaseofanaturaldisaster.Includehouseholdinformation,out-of-towncontacts,andschool,workplace,andchildcarecontactinformationandemergencycontingencies(應(yīng)急預(yù)案).____17____.____18____Considerthedisastersfortheeventsthataremostlikelytohappeninyourarea.Makesureeveryoneinyourfamilyknowshowtoreacttodifferentdisasters,includingtornadoes,hurricanes,floods,fires,winterstorms,andpowerfailures.Makesurethesafestspotsinyourhomeforeachtypeofdisaster.Forexample,thehighestlevelinyourhomeisthesafestplaceduringaflood,whilethelowestlevelissafestduringatornado,forinstance.Identify3waystogetwarnings.Alarmsaregenerallyenoughwarningsfornaturaldisasters.However,incaseofapowerfailure,youcannotrelyonlyonyourtelevisionorlandlinephoneforwarnings,either.____19____.Youshouldalsohaveabattery-operatedAM/FMradio(andextrabatteries)onhandaswell.Determinethebestevacuation(撤離)routes.Identifyalltheentriesandexitsinyourhomeandplanhowyouwillevacuateyourhome(bycarorbyfoot,forinstance).Determinewhereyouwillgoifyoucannotremaininyourhomeoreveninyourregion.Then,mapoutseveralroutesforgettingoutofyourcity.____20____.A.DecidewhatnottodoindifferentsituationsB.DiscusshowtorespondtomostlikelydisastersC.AddyourevacuationroutesandshelterplansaswellD.SinceyouknowwhatyoushoulddowhenadisasterstrikesE.ThoughyoumaynotknowwhatkindofdisasterwillstrikeorwhenF.BesuretotellallyourfamilymembersaboutevacuationroutesandexitplansG.Signuptoreceivewarningsfromyourlocalgovernmentbytextmessageoremail【答案】16.E17.C18.B19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。介紹了一系列關(guān)于如何為自然災(zāi)害做準(zhǔn)備的指導(dǎo)和建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Thethoughtofanaturaldisastercanbefrightening,butyoucanprepareyourselfandyourfamilywithafewsimplesteps.(一想到自然災(zāi)害就會(huì)感到恐懼，但你可以通過幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的步驟讓自己和家人做好準(zhǔn)備)”以及后文“gettingpreparedforseveralpossiblesituationswillhelpyoubetterdealwithanemergency.(但為幾種可能的情況做好準(zhǔn)備將幫助你更好地應(yīng)對(duì)緊急情況)”可知，本文主題是介紹幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的步驟讓自己和家人做好對(duì)抗災(zāi)害的準(zhǔn)備，所以E項(xiàng)“Thoughyoumaynotknowwhatkindofdisasterwillstrikeorwhen(雖然你可能不知道什么樣的災(zāi)難會(huì)襲擊或何時(shí)襲擊)”符合本文主題，且和后文構(gòu)成讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Createanemergencyplanforyourfamilyincaseofanaturaldisaster.Includehouseholdinformation,out-of-towncontacts,andschool,workplace,andchildcarecontactinformationandemergencycontingencies(應(yīng)急預(yù)案).(為你的家庭制定一個(gè)應(yīng)急計(jì)劃，以防發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害。包括家庭信息、外地聯(lián)系方式、學(xué)校、工作場(chǎng)所和兒童保育聯(lián)系方式以及緊急情況)”可知，本段主題是制定一個(gè)應(yīng)急計(jì)劃，所以C項(xiàng)“Addyourevacuationroutesandshelterplansaswell(加上你的疏散路線和避難計(jì)劃)”符合本段主題，其中plan為同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】分析設(shè)空可知，空處為本段小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Considerthedisastersfortheeventsthataremostlikelytohappeninyourarea.Makesureeveryoneinyourfamilyknowshowtoreacttodifferentdisasters,includingtornadoes,hurricanes,floods,fires,winterstorms,andpowerfailures.Makesurethesafestspotsinyourhomeforeachtypeofdisaster.(考慮一下你所在地區(qū)最有可能發(fā)生的災(zāi)難事件。確保你家里的每個(gè)人都知道如何應(yīng)對(duì)不同的災(zāi)難，包括龍卷風(fēng)、颶風(fēng)、洪水、火災(zāi)、冬季風(fēng)暴和電力故障。確保家里最安全的地方可以應(yīng)對(duì)各種災(zāi)難)”可知，本段主要講述如何應(yīng)對(duì)你所在地區(qū)最有可能發(fā)生的災(zāi)難，所以B項(xiàng)“Discusshowtorespondtomostlikelydisasters(討論如何應(yīng)對(duì)最可能發(fā)生的災(zāi)難)”是本段的小標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)【19題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Alarmsaregenerallyenoughwarningsfornaturaldisasters.However,incaseofapowerfailure,youcannotrelyonlyonyourtelevisionorlandlinephoneforwarnings,either.(警報(bào)通常是對(duì)自然災(zāi)害的足夠警告。然而，在停電的情況下，你也不能只依靠電視或固定電話來警告)”以及后文“Youshouldalsohaveabattery-operatedAM/FMradio(andextrabatteries)onhandaswell.(你也應(yīng)該有一個(gè)電池供電的AM/FM收音機(jī)(和額外的電池))”可知，本段主要講述獲得災(zāi)害警告的方式，所以G項(xiàng)“Signuptoreceivewarningsfromyourlocalgovernmentbytextmessageoremail(注冊(cè)接收當(dāng)?shù)卣ㄟ^短信或電子郵件發(fā)出的警告)”符合本段主題。故選G項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Identifyalltheentriesandexitsinyourhomeandplanhowyouwillevacuateyourhome(bycarorbyfoot,forinstance).Determinewhereyouwillgoifyoucannotremaininyourhomeoreveninyourregion.Then,mapoutseveralroutesforgettingoutofyourcity.(確定家中所有的入口和出口，并計(jì)劃如何撤離(例如，開車或步行)。如果你不能呆在家里，甚至不能呆在你所在的地區(qū)，決定你要去哪里。然后，畫出幾條出城路線)”可知，本段主要講述確保所有家庭成員都知悉疏散路線，所以F項(xiàng)“Besuretotellallyourfamilymembersaboutevacuationroutesandexitplans(一定要告訴你所有的家人撤離路線和撤離計(jì)劃)”符合本段主題。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AmonthafterHurricaneKatrina,IreturnedhomeinNewOrleans.Therelaymyhouse,____21____waist-highruins(廢墟),smellyand____22____.Beforethetrip,I’dhadmy____23____fixed.Whentheofficeemployeeofthegaragewaswritingupthebill,shenoticedmyLouisianalicenseplate.“YoufromNewOrleans?”sheasked.IsaidIwas,“____24____.”Shesaid,and____25____shookherheadwhenIreachedformywallet.AsmywifewasstudyinginFlorida,wedecidedtomovethereandtriedto____26____ahousewhilealsopayingoffamortgage(抵押貸款)onourruinedhouse.Welookedatmanyplaces,butnonewassatisfactory.We’dbegunto____27____thatwe’dhavetoliveinverybadconditions,____28____Igotaverycuriouse-mailfromaJamesKennedyinCalifornia.He’dreadsomepiecesI’dwrittenaboutour____29____onlineandwantedtogiveusanewhouseforfreeacrossthelakefromNewOrleans.Itsoundedtoogoodtobetrue,butIreplied,thankinghimforhisexceptional____30____,thatwehadnoplanstogoback.ThenapoetoftheUniversityofFlorida____31____tolethishousetomewhilehewenttoEnglandonhisone-year-paidleave.Therentwasrather____32____.Imentionedthepoet’soffertoJamesKennedy,andthenextdayhesentacheck____33____ourentirerentforeightmonths.____34____thispainfulexperience,thekindnessofstrangershasdonemuchtobringbackmy____35____inhumanity(人性).21.A.havingchanged B.havingbecome C.havingfallen D.havingreduced22.A.dirty B.big C.new D.tiny23.A.house B.garden C.car D.computer24.A.Noway B.Noproblem C.Nodoubt D.Nocharge25.A.firmly B.hesitantly C.coldly D.anxiously26.Apurchase B.rent C.build D.repair27.A.remember B.refuse C.accept D.deny28.A.if B.when C.though D.while29.A.ideals B.remarks C.opinions D.sufferings30.A.generosity B.suggestion C.elegance D.curiosity31.A.failed B.offered C.managed D.afforded32.A.expensive B.flexible C.reasonable D.unacceptable33.A.filling B.covering C.recording D.fitting34.A.Throughout B.Before C.From D.After35.A.dislike B.belief C.doubt D.respect【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.C28.B29.D30.A31.B32.C33.B34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述作者在遭遇颶風(fēng)襲擊毀壞房屋之后，得到很多陌生人仁慈的幫助，之后作者感悟到雖然遭遇了痛苦的經(jīng)歷，但是陌生人的善良使他堅(jiān)定了對(duì)人性的堅(jiān)信。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的房子就躺在那里，變成了齊腰高的廢墟，又臭又臟。A.havingchanged改變；B.havingbecome成為；C.havingfallen落下；D.havingreduced減少，變成。根據(jù)后文“waist-highruins”可知，房子被颶風(fēng)摧毀，變成了齊腰高的廢墟，reduce表示“使……變成”符合語境。故選D。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的房子就躺在那里，變成了齊腰高的廢墟，又臭又臟。A.dirty臟的；B.big大的；C.new新的；D.tiny微小的。根據(jù)上文“smellyand”可知，颶風(fēng)過后，作者的房子被毀，變成了廢墟，又臭又臟。故選A。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：旅行前，我把車修好了。A.house房子；B.garden花園；C.car汽車；D.computer電腦。根據(jù)后文“Whentheofficeemployeeofthegaragewaswritingupthebill,shenoticedmyLouisianalicenseplate.(當(dāng)汽車修理廠的職員在寫帳單時(shí)，她注意到了我的路易斯安那州車牌)”可知，作者叫人來修車，故選C?！?4題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：我說我是，“不收費(fèi)”她說，當(dāng)我伸手去拿錢包時(shí)，她堅(jiān)定地?fù)u了搖頭。A.Noway不可能；B.Noproblem沒問題；C.Nodoubt毫無疑問；D.Nocharge不收費(fèi)。根據(jù)后文“shookherheadwhenIreachedformywallet”可知，得知作者是來自颶風(fēng)襲擊的地方，對(duì)方不收費(fèi)。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我說我是，“不收費(fèi)”她說，當(dāng)我伸手去拿錢包時(shí)，她堅(jiān)定地?fù)u了搖頭。A.firmly堅(jiān)決地；B.hesitantly猶豫地；C.coldly冷淡地；D.anxiously焦慮地。根據(jù)后文“shookherheadwhenIreachedformywallet”指對(duì)方堅(jiān)定地?fù)u了搖頭，不肯收錢。故選A。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：由于我妻子在佛羅里達(dá)讀書，我們決定搬到那里，并試圖在償還我們的破房子的抵押貸款的同時(shí)租一所房子。A.purchase購買；B.rent租賃；C.build建造；D.repair修理。根據(jù)上文“Asmywi