2023-2024學(xué)年山東省青島市李滄區(qū)高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題 （解析版）

青島市李滄區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分375分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABringingGoodsintotheUKYouareallowedtobringsomegoodsforpersonalusewithoutpayingtaxorduty.ArrivalsfromEUcountriesYoucanbringgoodsfromEUcountrieswithoutbeingchargedtaxordutyiftheyare:●transportedbyyourself;●agiftorforpersonaluse;●boughtwithtaxanddutyincludedYoucanbringalcoholandtobaccofromEUcountrieswithoutrestrictionbutaninquirymightberequireddependingontheamountofyourgoods.ArrivalsfromoutsidetheEUYouwillbefreeofdutyortaxoncertainamountsofgoodsbroughtfromoutsidetheEU,aslongastheyareforyourownuse.Anygoodsthatarebeyondyourallowanceshouldbedeclared.Alcohol&tobaccoallowanceTypeofgoodsCigarettesCigarsTobaccoBeerWine(notsparkingwine)SpiritsAlcoholicdrinksAmount20050250grams16litres4litres1litres2litres※Therearenoduty-freeallowancesfortobaccooralcoholifyou'reunder17.Allowanceforothergoods:Themaximumvalueofothergoodsyoucanbringis￡390.Anysingleitemthatisworthmorethantheallowancewillbechargeddutyortaxonitsfullvalue.Therateofdutyortaxonitemsabovetheallowanceis:●2.5%forgoodsworthupto￡630;●decidedbythetypeofgoodsworthabove￡630-checkbycallingtheVAT,CustomsandExciseHelpline.InsidetheUK;03002003700OutsidetheUK:+442920501261Workingtime:8amto6pm,MondaytoFriday,BannedandrestrictedgoodsGoodsbannedinclude:●illegaldrugs;●offensiveweapons;●endangeredanimalandplantspecies;●meatanddairyproductsfrommostnon-EUcountries.Foodandplantproductsrestrictedinclude;●productscontainingpestsanddiseases;●productsgrownoutsidetheEU;●productsnotforyourownuse.Wereservetherighttoseizethegoodswhichareonsuspicionofviolatingintellectualpropertyrights.1.WhichofthefollowingproductsfromoutsidetheEUhasthelargestduty-freeallowance?A.Beer. B.Wine(notsparklingwine). C.Spirits. D.Alcoholicdrinks.2.HowmuchtaxshallonecomingfromChinapayforaringboughtinAmericaworth￡500?A.￡2.75 B.￡12.5 C.￡110. D.￡130.3.Whichofthefollowingitemsshallbebannedorrestricted?A.AsetofRussiandolls. B.AbottleofFrenchwine.C.AbrickofAustraliancheese. D.ApackageofSpanishcigarettes.BEugeneNewmanParker,aleadingfigureinheliospheric(日球?qū)拥?physicsforthepasthalfcentury,passedawaypeacefullyathishomeinChicagoonMar.15.Hewas94.Hailed(譽(yù)為)asavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.NASAevenstatedthat“thefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDr.EugeneParker.In2018,Parkerbecamethefirstlivingscientisttowitnessthelaunchofaspacecraftthatwasnamedinhishonor.Parkerisbestknownforhisgroundbreakingtheoryontheexistenceofaphenomenoncalled“solarwind”,acontinuousstreamofchargedparticlesthatflowoffthesun.Itcanbecomeviolent,causingspaceweatherthatimpactstheEarth.WhenParker’sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithskepticism(懷疑)andridiculebythescientificcommunity.Thegeneralviewatthetimewasthatthespacebetweenplanetswasanabsolutevacuum(真空),andwasthuscompletelyemptyofanymatter.But,therewerenoerrorsinhisstudyorhiscalculations,andthetheorywaslaterproventobecorrectin1962,whenaNASAspacecraftmissiontoVenusrevealedtheconstantpresenceofasupersonicwind—exactlyasParkerhadpredicted.ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:“Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou’rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoknowthat.”Parkerneverco-authoredapaperwithhisstudents,thusurgingthemtobeindependent.Parkerwashumble,straightforward,andwise.HissonEricsaid,“MysisterJoyceandIdidn’tgetarealfeelforwhata‘bigdog’ourdadwasinthefield.”TheygotanevenbettersensewhenamonthafterParker’sdeath,theytraveledtoLund,Sweden,toacceptonhisbehalftheCrafoordPrizeinAstronomy.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.AspacecraftwasnamedinmemoryofParker.B.ThesunhaslesseffectsonEarththanexpected.C.Parkerdeservedcreditforhisgreatcontributions.D.NASAprovidednewinsightsintothelunareffect.5.WhydidpeopleviewParker’stheoryof“solarwind”skepticallyatfirst?A.Itwentagainstthepopularopinionatthattime.B.Somemistakeswerefoundinhiscalculations.C.ThepresenceofasupersonicwindwasprovenbyNASA.D.Matterwasbelievedtoexistinthespacebetweenplanets.6.WhatdidParkersuggestyoungresearchersdo?A.seekclosecooperation B.avoidhighexpectationsC.learnbytrialanderror D.competeagainstothers7.WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeParkeraccordingtothepassage?A.straightforwardandgenerous B.responsibleandaccessibleC.intelligentyetconservative D.distinguishedyetmodestCFromrollinghillstomountainranges,viewsmakeanyroadtripmemorable,butforblindpassengersthisispartoftheexperiencetheymiss.MotorcompanyFordtriestochangethat.ItteamedupwithGTBRomaandAedoProject—todevelopatechnologythatwillgivethoseunfortunatepassengersawaytofeelnature’sbeautythroughtheircarwindows.Theprototype(原型)ofthesmartcarwindowhasadevicewithanoutside-facingcamera.Withjustapressofabutton,thesystemtakesapictureofthecurrentview.Thecolorfulpictureisthenturnedintoanimagewithdifferentshadesofgreythrough,LEDlights,whichvibrates(震動(dòng))differently.Asthefingerpassesoverdifferentregionsoftheimage,itsshakingmovementsprovidefeedbackthroughthesenseoftouchtothepersonusingit.ThesmartwindowalsocomeswithavoiceassistantthatusesAItoidentifythesceneandhelpthepassengersgetinformationonwhatthey’reseeing.“Astheprototypestartedtakingshape,werealizedweweregivingbirthtoacompletelynewlanguagethatwouldgiveblindpeopleanewchancetovisualizeandexperiencetraveling,”

FedericoRusso.-onedirectorofGTBRoma,said.“Whentheideawasatitsfirststage,welookedforsuppliersallaroundtheworldtomakeitcometolife.”Hebelievesthetechnologycanbeemployednotjustincars.“Itcouldbeintroducedintoschoolsandinstitutionsforblindpeopleasatoolthatcouldbeusedinmultipleways.”ThetechnologymayshowupinaFordautonomousvehicle.It’sknownthatthecompanyistestingtheirtechnologyandfuturebusinessmodelandstrugglingtofigureouthowanautonomousvehiclegivesdifferentpassengersthedetailsneededtogetfromonedestinationtoanother.It’sunclearwhenthistechnologywillbemadeavailable.However,theideaofbuildingsomethingforthelessadvancedisindeedakindandinfluentialaction.8.Howdoesthesmartcarwindowwork?A.Bysortingshakingmovements. B.Byrecordingtheviewwithacamera.C.Bytranslatingsceneryintovibrations. D.Bypresentingdifferentshadesofcolors.9.WhatcanweknowaboutthetechnologyaccordingtoFedericoRuss??A.Itwillhavewideapplication. B.Itwillbeusedinschoolsfirst.C.Itwillbetestedaroundtheworld. D.Itwillunderstanddifferentlanguages.10.WhatdifficultyisFordfacingcurrently?A.Howtoexploretheirfuturebusinessmodel.B.Howthetechnologyisappliedtoeverydaylife.C.Howtoproduceautonomouscarsinlargenumbers.D.Howanautonomousvehicleprovidesrouteinformation.11.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AI-basedWindowAddsFuntoRoadTripsB.FordDevelopsaSystemfortheBlindtoDriveC.SmartWindowLetsBlindPassengersFeelViewsD.TechnologyMakesBlindPeople’sTripEnjoyableDImagineafuturewheresciencehascreatedyourtwin.Notaflesh-and-bloodtwin,butonethatrecreatesyourfleshandblood,yourbones,yourheart,yourbrain—yourwholebody,infact—asanextremelycomplicatedcomputermodel.Yourdoctorscanusethisdigitaltwintoworkouthowyouwillrespondtoaparticulardrugormedicalprocedure.Theycanevenlookfurtherintothefuture,creatinga“healthcast”,toforecastwhatdiseasesmighthappentoyouorhowyourlifestylewillaffectyourhealthasyouage.Itistheultimateinpersonalizedmedicine.ThisistheboldvisionsetoutinVirtualYou:HowbuildingyourdigitaltwinwillrevolutionizemedicineandchangeyourlifebyPeterCoveney,directoroftheCentreforComputationalScience,andRogerHighfield,sciencedirectoroftheScienceMuseumGroup,UK.Digitaltwinsarealreadyinwidespreaduseinindustriessuchascivilengineering.Butthesemodelsystemsaremuchsimplerthanthecomplexhumanbody.Imagineallthepartsthatcometogethertomakeyouwork:fromthe3billionlettersofyourgenome(基因組),thenumerousmolecules(分子)thatmakeupyourcells,thetrillionsofcellsbuildingyourtissuesandorgans,andtheenvironmenthavingitsinputtoo.Now,imaginetryingtocreateamodelofthisthatismadetoeachuniqueindividualandthatpredictsthechangesthatwilltakeplaceoveralifetime.Thisiseasiersaidthandone.Changesinthesystemsbiologistswanttodescribeareusuallydifferentfromwhatmathematiciansdescribeas“non-linear”(非線性的).Anothercomplicationis“emergence”:wherethewholeofasystemisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.Thiscomplexitychallengesmathematicsandpushescomputingtothelimittoo.Butgettingtothenextlevel—awholehumanindividual—isgoingtorequireyetmoredataandarevolutionincomputingtechnologyfarbeyondwhatiscurrentlypossible.Whetherwewillgetthereisanopenquestion,butVirtualYoushowsuswhatscientistsfromdifferentfieldscanachievewhentheyallworktogether.12.Whatbelearnedaboutyourscience-madetwinaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Yourtwinlooksjustlikeyou.B.Yourtwinknowsyourthoughts.C.Yourtwinexistsonthecomputer.D.YourtwiniscreatedoutofyourDNA.13.Whyisitdifficulttobuildadigitaltwin?A.Humanbodyismorecomplicatedthanmodels.B.Digitaltwinsarenotwidelyusedinindustries.C.Scientistslackenoughdatainbuildingit.D.Mathematiciansandbiologistsholddifferentopinions.14.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheideaofadigitaltwin?A.Optimistic.B.Uncertain.C.Unconcerned.D.Skeptical.15.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tostressthenecessityofdigitaltwins.B.Toshowtheeffectsofdigitaltwinsonfuturehealth.C.Toexplainthebuildingofdigitaltwinsinhealth.D.Tointroducenewtreatmentsfordiseasesinthefuture.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifyou’vestudiedbiology,you’veprobablylearnedaboutbloodtypes.Orperhapsyouhavelearnedsomethingaboutbloodtypesfromsocialmedia.16Theseletterscorrespondtotwoantigens(抗原),AandB.PeoplewithABbloodhavebothantigens,thosewithAorBhaveonlyone,andpeoplewithOhavenoantigensatall.17Ifyou’vehadabloodtransfusion(輸血),youareprobablyawarethatyourbloodtypedetermineswhichbloodyoucanreceive.Maybeyou’llthinkthatyoushouldplanyourmealsbasedonyourbloodtype.18ThislastconceptispopularinAsia,particularlyinSouthKorea.Someonewithtype-Abloodisthoughttobeconsideratebutshy.Peoplewithtype-Bbloodareknownforbeingcreativebutodd.Type-Oindividualsareconsideredtobesomeofthemostsociablepeople.Thosewithtype-ABaresensibleartists,butsometimescalculatingorunpredictable.SouthKoreaisoneplacewherethebloodtypepersonalitytheorycatcheson.Astudyreleasedin2017suggeststhatnearly60%SouthKoreansbelievethatbloodtypesserveasanindicatorofaperson’spersonality.19Butsuchtheorycanalsocausediscrimination.Intheabove-mentionedstudy,abouthalfoftherespondentssaidthattheylikepeoplewithtype-Obloodthebest.20Thegeneralbeliefwasthattype-OindividualshaveapersonalitythatbestfitsthecultureinSouthKorea,whileAB-typesdon’tsuitsuchaculturaloutlook.Asaresult,inrecentyears,manymediahavestoppedpromotingthetheory.A.Manyfactorscontributetoyourbloodtype.B.So,whatdoesbloodtypemeantoyoupersonally?C.Meanwhile,only6%ofthosesurveyedsaidtheylikeAB-types.D.Theyhavealargesocialcirclebutareveryeasytogetannoyed.E.Orperhapsyouthinkyourbloodtypeinfluencesyourpersonality.F.Eventhosethatdon’tagreewiththeconceptarefamiliarwiththeidea.G.Eitherway,you’llknowtherearefourmainbloodtypes:A,B,O,andAB.第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。EarlyonthemorningofOctober13,LaPierrewasheadingtotheChicagoMarathononthecity’sBlueLineL.The21wasfullofenergizedmarathoners.Beforelong,LaPierrenoticedamanmovingfrompassengertopassenger,askingforspare22.HisbehaviorstruckLaPierreas“reallyweird,”especiallythewayhestareddownanyonehefelthadn’t23himenough.AttheCumberlandstation,mostofthepassengerssuddenly24thecar.LaPierrerushedouttoseewhatwasgoingon,onlytohear25peopleshoutingthatthemanaskingformoneywas,infact,armedand26people.Asthearmedmanhoppedontothenexttraincar,LaPierrefollowedhim.“Icouldnot27knowingtherewere28childrenandpeoplejusttryingtogettoarace,”hesays.ThemanturnedandsawLaPierre,hisheaddown,bull-rushinghim.Althoughthemanwasfar29andyounger,LaPierrecrashedintohimandmanagedtopinhim30thecloseddoor.“OnceIgotafewfeetfromhim,Iknewhewouldn’tbeabletoreactfastenoughto31me,”hetoldtheChicagoSun-Times.Thetwomenfoughtforthegun—andtheir32.Themantriedpushingpasthim,but33,LaPierregrabbedthegunandhandedittoapassenger.Thenthepolicepouredintothetrain,andLaPierreletthem34.Hehadamarathontorun.ThiswasnotthefirsttimeLaPierrehadjumpedintoa(n)35.Afewyearsback,hehelpedpreventadrugstorerobbery.“Ijusthappentobeattherightplaceattherightmoment,”hesays.21.A.coach B.plane C.train D.ship22.A.seat B.change C.food D.time23.A.thanked B.paid C.known D.given24.A.pulled B.fled C.boarded D.started25.A.encouraged B.disappointed C.panicked D.confused26.A.begging B.entertaining C.robbing D.dismissing27.A.walkaway B.breakin C.stepforward D.comealong28.A.careful B.brave C.innocent D.needy29.A.larger B.thinner C.wiser D.quieter30.A.off B.against C.beyond D.under31.A.shoot B.chase C.spot D.miss32.A.prizes B.funds C.lives D.rights33.A.naturally B.thankfully C.generally D.unfortunately34.A.standby B.backoff C.playalong D.takeover35.A.race B.fight C.argument D.situation第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀短文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Forpeopleinterestedinlearningmoreabouttheethnic(少數(shù)民族)Miaoculture,anidealplacetoexperienceitisanethnicMiaocommunity,calledQianhu,inGuizhouProvince.36haspreservedthedistinctiveculturaltraditionsoftheMiaoethnicgroupexhibitedintheformsofarchitecture,arts,anddailylifestyle.Thisworld’slargestMiaocommunityconsists37adozensmallersettlements38(spread)overrollingmountains.Singingis39essentialpartoflocallife.TheMiaopeoplebegintolearnhowtosingasearlyastheycanspeak.TheMiaopeoplearealsoknownformakingfineembroidery(刺繡).DifferentfromotherpartsofChina,thethemes40(express)inMiaoembroideryareshowy,41(imagine),andoftenbasedonfolklores(民俗).Meanwhile,Miaopeoplecan42(effortless)arrangecolorsinawaythatavoidsawkwardness.Thisisatrulynaturalgift.AnotherfineelementoftheMiaocultureiswearingsilverornaments(裝飾).Formostoftheirhistory,theMiaopeople43(have)nowrittenlanguage,sotheyhadtopreserveandpassontheirheritagethroughvisualelements,likecarvinghistoryonsilverornaments.Overtime,thiscrafthasevolvedintoavehicle44representstheMiaocultureandspirit.TheMiaosongs,embroidery,andsilverornamentsallconveytherich,profoundhistoryoftheMiaopeopleand45(symbol)thecontinuityoftheircultureandtraditions.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假定你是校學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華，外教Mike被評(píng)為本學(xué)期“最受歡迎教師”。請(qǐng)寫一份頒獎(jiǎng)詞，內(nèi)容包括：1.回顧Mike的工作；2.簡(jiǎn)述他獲獎(jiǎng)的理由。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.結(jié)束語(yǔ)已為你寫好，不計(jì)字?jǐn)?shù)；3.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Dearall,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Nowlet’swelcomeourprincipaltopresentthisawardtoMike!第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Ilookedaroundthecrowdedwaitingroomatthehospitalandsighed.Wouldthedoctorbeabletoseemyeight-year-oldsonnext?Icouldn’tstopshakingasthewoundinhisforeheadwasdeep.WewereatthehospitalbecauseanotherchildhadthrownarockatLukeduringthebreakashewasrunningaroundthecorner.Lukereceivedfourstitches(縫針).Ifoughtbacktheurgetocry.Forthenexttwodays,hiseyewasswollenshutandblackandblue.IfeltlikeI’dhadamininervousbreakdown.EverytimeItriedtosleeportendtodosomehousework,horriblethoughtscreptintomymind.Whatifhe’dlosthiseye?Whatifhe’dhadbraindamage?Hisdoctorassuredmehewasgoingtobefine,butthewhat-ifskeptcoming.Fearhadtakenover,andthenthefearturnedtoanger.Iwasangrywiththechildwho’dthrowntherock.Ijustcouldn’tshakeit.Whatwasshethinking?Sheshouldhaveknownbetter.Severaldayslater,Luke’steachercalledmethateveningtoseehowhewasfeeling,tellingmeKatiefeltterribleandheartbrokenoverwhathadhappened.IaskedtheteachertomakeKatieunderstandshecouldn’tdothatandremindherofthedangersofthrowingrocks.Theteacheragreed,whichmademefeelbetter.InoticedthatasLukestartedtohealphysically,Iwasn’tasangry.IthoughtaboutKatieandLuke.Iwantedtostandupformyson,protecthim,butIdidn’twanttomistreatKatiebecauseIlearnedfromtheteacherKatiereallywasanicekidandthatshewasjusttryingtoremovetherocksonootherchildrenwouldtriponit.Lastnight,Luke’steacherstoppedbyanddroppedoffaget-wellcardthatKatiehadmade.LuckandIreaditseveraltimes,andIcouldn’thelpbutfeelalittlechokedup.Itwasasincereapology.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。IwantedthistobeateachablemomentforLuketolearnaboutforgiveness.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thenextmorning,LukeandIwaitedforKatiewiththeletterattheschoolgate.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案：1.A2.B3.C【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一篇關(guān)于能夠帶入英國(guó)物品的說(shuō)明，包括可以帶入的物品、要被征稅的物品和煙酒類產(chǎn)品的起征額度等信息。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Alcohol&tobaccoallowance表格中“Beer：16litres(啤酒：16升)”是所有商品中數(shù)額最大的，故“啤酒”這種來(lái)自歐盟以外的產(chǎn)品有最大的免稅額度。故選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Therateofdutyortaxonitemsabovetheallowanceis:●2.5%forgoodsworthupto￡630(超過(guò)免稅額的物品的稅率為：●630英鎊以下的商品價(jià)格為2.5%)”可知，一個(gè)來(lái)自中國(guó)的人在美國(guó)買一枚價(jià)值500英鎊的戒指要交稅500*2.5%=12.5英鎊。故選B。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Goodsbannedinclude:●meatanddairyproductsfrommostnon-EUcountries.(禁止的商品包括：來(lái)自大多數(shù)非歐盟國(guó)家的肉類和奶制品)”可知，澳大利亞奶酪磚會(huì)被禁止帶入。故選C。4.C5.A6.C7.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了日球物理學(xué)的領(lǐng)軍人物，尤金·紐曼·帕克的貢獻(xiàn)以及他對(duì)年輕人的影響。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.(帕克徹底改變了我們對(duì)太陽(yáng)及其對(duì)地球和太陽(yáng)系內(nèi)其他天體的影響的認(rèn)識(shí)。)”以及“NASAevenstatedthat“thefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDr.EugeneParker.(美國(guó)宇航局甚至表示，“太陽(yáng)物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的存在在很大程度上要?dú)w功于尤金·帕克博士?！?”可知，帕克對(duì)整個(gè)日球物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了極大的貢獻(xiàn)，他是值得贊揚(yáng)的。故選C。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhenParker’sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithskepticism(懷疑)andridiculebythescientificcommunity.(當(dāng)帕克的研究成果于1958年發(fā)表時(shí)，他的理論最初遭到了科學(xué)界的質(zhì)疑和嘲笑。)”以及“Thegeneralviewatthetimewasthatthespacebetweenplanetswasanabsolutevacuum(真空),andwasthuscompletelyemptyofanymatter.(當(dāng)時(shí)的普遍觀點(diǎn)是，行星之間的空間是絕對(duì)真空的，因此完全沒(méi)有任何物質(zhì)。)”可知，人們起初對(duì)帕克的“太陽(yáng)風(fēng)”理論持懷疑態(tài)度，因?yàn)樗`背了當(dāng)時(shí)的流行觀點(diǎn)。故選A。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:“Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou’rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoknowthat.”(這段經(jīng)歷可能導(dǎo)致了帕克經(jīng)常給年輕研究人員的建議：“如果你做了一些新的或創(chuàng)新的事情，預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有麻煩。但要批判性地思考，因?yàn)槿绻沐e(cuò)了，你想成為第一個(gè)知道這一點(diǎn)的人。”)”可知，帕克給年輕人的建議是從錯(cuò)誤和嘗試中學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hailed(譽(yù)為)asavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.(被譽(yù)為作為太陽(yáng)物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的夢(mèng)想家，帕克徹底改變了我們對(duì)太陽(yáng)及其對(duì)地球和太陽(yáng)系內(nèi)其他天體影響的理解。)”以及根據(jù)最后一段中“Parkerwashumble,straightforward,andwise.(帕克謙遜、直率、睿智。)”可知，帕克是杰出但謙遜的。故選D。8.C9.A10.D11.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。福特公司聯(lián)合GTBRoma和AedoProject研發(fā)了一款智能車窗，幫助盲人感受旅途中的風(fēng)景，帶給盲人全新的旅行體驗(yàn)。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Theprototype(原型)ofthesmartcarwindowhasadevicewithanoutside-facingcamera.Withjustapressofabutton,thesystemtakesapictureofthecurrentview.Thecolorfulpictureisthenturnedintoanimagewithdifferentshadesofgreythrough,LEDlights,whichvibrates(震動(dòng))differently.Asthefingerpassesoverdifferentregionsoftheimage,itsshakingmovementsprovidefeedbackthroughthesenseoftouchtothepersonusingit.(智能車窗的原型有一個(gè)面向外部的攝像頭。只需按下一個(gè)按鈕，系統(tǒng)就會(huì)拍下當(dāng)前視圖的照片。然后通過(guò)不同震動(dòng)的LED燈將彩色圖像轉(zhuǎn)換成不同灰度的圖像。當(dāng)手指經(jīng)過(guò)圖像的不同區(qū)域時(shí)，它的抖動(dòng)動(dòng)作通過(guò)觸覺(jué)向使用它的人提供反饋)”可知，智能車窗通過(guò)將風(fēng)景轉(zhuǎn)化為振動(dòng)，它的抖動(dòng)動(dòng)作通過(guò)觸覺(jué)向使用它的人提供反饋。故選C項(xiàng)。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Hebelievesthetechnologycanbeemployednotjustincars.“Itcouldbeintroducedintoschoolsandinstitutionsforblindpeopleasatoolthatcouldbeusedinmultipleways.”(他認(rèn)為，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)不僅可以應(yīng)用于汽車?！八梢宰鳛橐环N工具引入學(xué)校和盲人機(jī)構(gòu)，可以以多種方式使用?！?”可知，F(xiàn)edericoRusso認(rèn)為，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)不僅可以應(yīng)用于汽車，還可以作為一種多用途的工具引入盲人學(xué)校和為盲人服務(wù)的機(jī)構(gòu)。由此可推知，F(xiàn)edericoRusso認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)有廣泛的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。故選A。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“It’sknownthatthecompanyistestingtheirtechnologyandfuturebusinessmodelandstrugglingtofigureouthowanautonomousvehiclegivesdifferentpassengersthedetailsneededtogetfromonedestinationtoanother.It’sunclearwhenthistechnologywillbemadeavailable.(眾所周知，該公司正在測(cè)試他們的技術(shù)和未來(lái)的商業(yè)模式，并努力弄清楚自動(dòng)駕駛汽車如何為不同的乘客提供從一個(gè)目的地到另一個(gè)目的地所需的細(xì)節(jié)。目前還不清楚這項(xiàng)技術(shù)何時(shí)能投入使用)”可知，福特目前面臨的困難是如何為不同的乘客提供從一個(gè)目的地到另一個(gè)目的地所需的細(xì)節(jié)，也就是自動(dòng)駕駛汽車如何提供路線信息。故選D項(xiàng)。11.主旨大意題。閱讀全文尤其是第一段內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了福特公司聯(lián)合GTBRoma和AedoProject研發(fā)了一款智能車窗，這種智能車窗使盲人有可能感受到旅途中的風(fēng)景，故D項(xiàng)“SmartWindowLetsBlindPassengersFeelViews(智能窗戶讓乘客感受美景)”作標(biāo)題最為恰當(dāng)。故選D項(xiàng)。12.C13.A14.A15.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了健康領(lǐng)域的數(shù)字雙胞胎模型，包括其概念、發(fā)揮的作用、建模的難點(diǎn)和未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Notaflesh-and-bloodtwin,butonethatrecreatesyourfleshandblood,yourbones,yourheart,yourbrain—yourwholebody,infact—asanextremelycomplicatedcomputermodel.（不是血肉之軀的雙胞胎，而是將你的血肉之軀、骨骼、心臟、大腦——實(shí)際上是你的整個(gè)身體——復(fù)制成一個(gè)極其復(fù)雜的計(jì)算機(jī)模型。）”可知，你的科學(xué)雙胞胎存在于電腦中。故選C項(xiàng)。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Changesinthesystemsbiologistswanttodescribeareusuallydifferentfromwhatmathematiciansdescribeas“non-linear”(非線性的).Anothercomplicationis“emergence”:wherethewholeofasystemisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.Thiscomplexitychallengesmathematicsandpushescomputingtothelimittoo.（生物學(xué)家想要描述的系統(tǒng)變化通常不同于數(shù)學(xué)家所描述的“非線性”。另一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題是“涌現(xiàn)”：一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的整體大于其各部分的總和。這種復(fù)雜性對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)提出了挑戰(zhàn)，也將計(jì)算推向了極限。）”可知，建立數(shù)字雙胞胎的困難在于人體遠(yuǎn)比模型復(fù)雜，其中的系統(tǒng)變化和涌現(xiàn)問(wèn)題非常難以解決。故選A項(xiàng)。14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butgettingtothenextlevel—awholehumanindividual—isgoingtorequireyetmoredataandarevolutionincomputingtechnologyfarbeyondwhatiscurrentlypossible.Whetherwewillgetthereisanopenquestion,butVirtualYoushowsuswhatscientistsfromdifferentfieldscanachievewhentheyallworktogether.（但要達(dá)到下一個(gè)階段——一個(gè)完整的人類個(gè)體——將需要更多的數(shù)據(jù)和一場(chǎng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出目前可能的計(jì)算技術(shù)革命。我們是否能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)是一個(gè)懸而未決的問(wèn)題，但《虛擬的你》向我們展示了來(lái)自不同領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家在共同努力時(shí)所能取得的成就。）”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然能否創(chuàng)造一個(gè)完整的人類個(gè)體仍然未知，但是《虛擬的你》這本書已經(jīng)展示了科學(xué)家們?cè)诠餐Ψ矫娴某删?。由此推知，作者?duì)數(shù)字雙胞胎的想法是積極樂(lè)觀的。故選A項(xiàng)。15.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章為讀者介紹了健康領(lǐng)域的數(shù)字雙胞胎模型，包括其概念、發(fā)揮的作用、建模的難點(diǎn)和未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。因此，文章的目的在于解釋健康領(lǐng)域數(shù)字雙胞胎的構(gòu)建。故選C項(xiàng)。16.G17.B18.E19.F20.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了血型的基本信息，包括ABO血型系統(tǒng)的基本知識(shí)，以及一些可能與血型相關(guān)的個(gè)性理論。雖然這些個(gè)性理論在一些地方很流行，但是也可能導(dǎo)致歧視，因?yàn)槟承┭蛯?duì)應(yīng)的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)被認(rèn)為適應(yīng)不同的文化習(xí)俗。在韓國(guó)，這種血型個(gè)性理論有很大的影響力，但近年來(lái)這種理論受到了一些非議和批評(píng)。16.前文“Orperhapsyouhavelearnedsomethingaboutbloodtypesfromsocialmedia.(或許，也許你已經(jīng)從社交媒體上了解了一些有關(guān)血型的知識(shí)。)”中的關(guān)鍵詞“bloodtypes”與G項(xiàng)“Eitherway,you’llknowtherearefourmainbloodtypes:A,B,O,andAB.(無(wú)論哪種方式，你都會(huì)知道有四種主要的血型：A，B，O和AB。)”中“fourmainbloodtypes”為關(guān)鍵詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，且上下文一致，故選G項(xiàng)。17.下文“Ifyou’vehadabloodtransfusion(輸血),youareprobablyawarethatyourbloodtypedetermineswhichbloodyoucanreceive.Maybeyou’llthinkthatyoushouldplanyourmealsbasedonyourbloodtype.(如果你輸過(guò)血，你可能知道你的血型決定了你可以接受哪種血液。也許你會(huì)認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該根據(jù)自己的血型來(lái)計(jì)劃你的膳食)”可知血型對(duì)人意義非凡，與B項(xiàng)“So,whatdoesbloodtypemeantoyoupersonally?(那么，血型對(duì)你個(gè)人意味著什么？)”上下文一致，承上啟下，故選B項(xiàng)。18.根據(jù)下文“ThislastconceptispopularinAsia,particularlyinSouthKorea.Someonewithtype-Abloodisthoughttobeconsideratebutshy.Peoplewithtype-Bbloodareknownforbeingcreativebutodd.Type-Oindividualsareconsideredtobesomeofthemostsociablepeople.Thosewithtype-ABaresensibleartists,butsometimescalculatingorunpredictable.(最后一個(gè)概念在亞洲很流行，尤其是在韓國(guó)。有A型血統(tǒng)的人被認(rèn)為是體貼但害羞的。B型血的人以富有創(chuàng)造力但古怪而聞名。O型人被認(rèn)為是一些最善于交際的人。AB型人是明智的藝術(shù)家，但有時(shí)是計(jì)算或不可預(yù)測(cè)的。)”可知關(guān)鍵詞concept要與本空有所呼應(yīng)，