口譯教案完整版本

PAGE59-TeachingManualAnIntermediateCourseofInterpretationFortheAcademicYear2008-2009EnglishMajorAnOverviewofInterpretationIIntroductiontotheteachingscheduleIIPreliminaryRecognitiontoInterpretationIIIInterpretationandtheInterpreter3.1Thedevelopmentofinterpretation3.2Thedefinitionofinterpretation3.3ThecharacteristicsofInterpretation3.4Thecriteriaofinterpretation3.5TheProcessofinterpretation3.6TheCategoricalclassificationofinterpretation3.7Atripartitemodelof3.8Interpreterqualificationrequirements3.9InterpreterTraining3.10Researchininterpretationandinterpreting3.11DifficultiesininterpretationGuidingLessonIIntroductiontotheteachingscheduleEighteenweeksclassstudy+oneweekpracticaltraining.Sixteenweeksfinishsixteenunits.TwoWeeksquizzes.Oneweekpracticaltraining.Exam:Finalresult=40%dailywork+60%finalexamresult.Dailywork=30%attendance+40%performance+30%quizzesresults.Finalexamresult=50%oralinterpretation+50%Exampaper.IIPreliminaryRecognitiontotheInterpretationAsanEnglishmajorstudent,haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhatmainsignificanceofforeignlanguagelearningis?Tocommunicatewithforeignculture,exchangetheideaswithforeigners.Orinsomesense,wecansayultimatesignificanceofsecondlanguagelearningistranslation.(Writtentranslationandinterpretation)Sosomescholarsaidinterpretation/translationisnotonlythecontactbetweentwolanguages,butthecollision/clashoftwocultures.Whatisthelanguageandwhatistheinterpretation?Let’slearnitwiththreeexercises.Afterwefinishthesethreeexercises,wewilldrawaconclusiontoanswerthequestions.Directions:ListentothefollowingtwopartsofremarksandthenmakeretellingthemainideasrespectivelyfromChinesetoChineseandfromEnglishtoEnglish.AndinterpretingthethirdpartofwordsfromEnglishtoChinesefirstly,andtheninterpretingitbacktoEnglish.Takingnotesisnotpermitted.ChinesetoChinese(retelling)閉幕式，我們要把掌聲獻(xiàn)給那些在賽場(chǎng)上拼搏了十多天的運(yùn)動(dòng)員們。這些全世界最優(yōu)秀的年輕人，來(lái)到我們的家鄉(xiāng)，用他們精彩的表現(xiàn)感動(dòng)了無(wú)數(shù)中國(guó)人。他們即將離開(kāi)北京，返回他們的家鄉(xiāng)。相信他們會(huì)懷念在北京的難忘經(jīng)歷。而我們更會(huì)想念他們，我們會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)記住這十多天的每時(shí)每刻。所以，我們?cè)陂]幕式上再次唱響了主題歌《我和你》：我和你，心連心，同住地球村，永遠(yuǎn)一家人。(172字)EnglishtoEnglish(retelling)AsIwatchedinfascinationtheChinesefollowtheOlympicGameswithunbridledprideandsenseofaccomplishmentthesepastweeks,IrealizedImayhavewitnessedsomethingwaymoreimportantthanasportinggalahere.WhatIhavewitnessedisaproudpeople,ignitedbyahungertosucceed,savoringthefruitsoftheirconfidence-abolddeclarationofacollectivecan-dothatcomesonlytothosewhodaretodreamandbelieveinit.BarackObamacallsittheaudacityofhope,andwishesitfortheUnitedStates.Thesepastweeks,IhaveseenithappeninChina,Ihaveseen1.3billionpeoplesay"Yeswecan".Thisisthestuffdreamsaremadeof.And,whenIlastchecked,thisdreamwasbeingmassproducedinChina,justthewayitwasintheUSinthelastcentury.Withjobs,dreamsalsoseemtohavesetsailforChina.IstheChineseDreamthenthenewAmericanDream?EnglishtoChinesetoEnglish(interpretation)Onelistensandtranslates,theothergoesoutandthencomesbacktointerpretthetranslationversionbacktosourcelanguageandthencomparethetwoversionsofsourcelanguages.LiketheFiveOlympicRingsfromwhichtheydrawtheircolorandinspiration,theFiveFriendlieswillserveastheOfficialMascotsofBeijing2008OlympicGames,carryingamessageoffriendshipandpeace--andblessingsfromChina--tochildrenallovertheworld.Designedtoexpresstheplayfulqualitiesoffivelittlechildrenwhoformanintimatecircleoffriends,theFiveFriendliesalsoembodythenaturalcharacteristicsoffourofChina'smostpopularanimals--theFish,thePanda,theTibetanAntelope,theSwallow--andtheOlympicFlame.Conclusions:1)Languageisatool,isakindofmessagetransferencewiththesourcelanguagemeaningasmainaxis.2)Andinterpretationistheprocesswhichusesthesimplelanguagetosolvethecomplexthings,notusesthecomplexlanguagetosolvethecomplexthings.IIIInterpretationandtheInterpreter3.1ThedevelopmentofinterpretationReadthetextfromPage3toPage5.Withalonghistory,interpretersandinterpretationplayedaveryimportantroletohumanbeing'slifeoverthepast3000years.3.2ThedefinitionofInterpretation(OnInterpretationByAristotleWritten350B.C.E)1)口譯是指“對(duì)口頭表達(dá)的信息及文本進(jìn)行的口頭翻譯”(Shuttleworth&Cowie,1997:82)。Interpretationisavocaltranslationtotheinformationdeliveredbyvocalutteranceandtext.2)Initspurestform,consecutiveinterpretationisamodeinwhichtheinterpreterbeginstheirinterpretationofacompletemessageafterthespeakerhasstoppedproducingthesourceutterance.Atthetimethattheinterpretationisrenderedtheinterpreteristheonlypersoninthecommunicationenvironmentwhoisproducingamessage.ByRobertoSantiago3)Interpretationistheprocesswhichusesthesimplelanguagetosolvethecomplexthings,notusesthecomplexlanguagetodealwiththecomplicatedthings.ByProf.LiuHeping4)Simplyspeaking,bythewriterofthistextbook,interpretationisakindofvocalcommunicativeactivitybylisteningtoanddecodingtheinformationexpressedbythesourcelanguagespeakerandtheninterpretingitintothetargetlanguage.ByProf.MeiDeming3.3ThecharacteristicsofInterpretation*Unpredictability*Bearingonbigpressure*Independency*Comprehensivelanguageandskilloperations*Extensivecommunicativeinformation3.4TheCriteriaofInterpretation*accuracy*fluency3.5TheProcessofInterpretation1)Basicprocess:InformationinputtingInterpretingInformationOutputtingModeoftheinterpretingprocess:SourcelanguageinputtingCodestransferenceTargetlanguageOutputtingContentsoftheinterpretingprocess:InformationawarenessInformationoperationInformationexpression2)Theconcreteprocessinterpretation:InterpreterEncodingEncodingExpressionInformationstorageDecodingReceivingReceivinginformation:Listening:importantsectorTwotunnelsSeeing:aidedmeansPassivereceiving:concentrationonthelanguageformsReceivinginformationActivereceiving:concentrationonthelanguagesenseLanguagecodesDecoding:allroundandmulti-leveldecodingNon-languagecodesRetention(heartmemory)Informationstorage(recording)Note-takingStorage(recording):definition;maintheme;pointsofview;plots;importantpoints;relations(logicandquantitative)Encoding:restructuring(quickly/fluently)Expressing:utterance3.6TheCategoricalClassificationofInterpretationProfessionalclassification:ConsecutiveinterpretationSimultaneousinterpretationCourtinterpretationSightinterpretation(Sightsimultaneousinterpretation)3.7AInterpretingCompetence（譯能)InterpretingTechniques（譯技）InterpretingOperations（譯為）3.8InterpreterQualificationRequirementsConformtotheForeignaffairsdisciplineSolidbilingualbasisCompleteabilityofutteranceQuick-mindedLearnedGoodmanner3.9InterpreterTrainingThethreeelementsofinterpretertrainingareteachers,textbooksandpedagogy.Teachers:bilingualteacherswithlanguageteachingandinterpretingexperiences.Textbooks:1.Currentremarksofgovernmentaffairsorbusinessaffairs2.Systematicprofessionaltrainingtextbooks.Pedagogy:Rightpedagogy+stagesteachingplan=ultimateteachinggoal3.10ResearchinInterpretationandInterpreting1.Generalresearch:Onsomefundamentalquestions2.Specialresearch:Onbilingualresearchorresearchbetweentwocultures3.Appliedresearch:Oninterpretingtechniques,interpretingteachingandtrainingInterpretingSchools:GermanRussianSchoolFraTheinterpretivetheory(lethéoriedel’interprétation)emergedinthelate1960sinFranceandwasconcernedwiththeidentificationofprinciplesgoverningoralinterpretationandwrittentranslationofnon-literarytextsaswellastranslatortraining.Informedbythepracticeofinterpretation,scholarsofthisschoolinsistthattranslationisnotaunidirectionaldecodingoperation,butadynamicprocessinwhichtheinterpreter/translatormakessenseofthesourcemessageandreformulatethemessageinthetargetlanguage.Thispapergivesacriticalreviewoftheinterpretivetheory,focusingonitshistoricalbackground,itsperceptionofthenatureandpurposeoftranslation,anditsanalysisofthetranslationprocess.3.11Difficultiesininterpretation*interpretingtermsofaddressandtitles*interpretingproverbs,sayingsandquotations*interpretingnumbers*note-takingAssignments:PreviewthecontentofnextUnit.UnitOneI.Difficultiesininterpretation*Interpretingtermsofaddressandtitles*interpretingproverbs,sayingsandquotations*interpretingnumbers*note-takingTitlesinterpretation:外事接待中稱謂的口譯是譯員首先面臨的難題。稱謂代表人的職位、職銜、學(xué)銜，體現(xiàn)了一個(gè)人的資歷和地位。稱謂的誤譯不僅是對(duì)有關(guān)人員的不尊重，而且也會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良的后果。稱謂的準(zhǔn)確翻譯其關(guān)鍵在于譯員對(duì)有關(guān)人員的身份及其稱謂的表達(dá)是否有一個(gè)正確的理解，尤其是對(duì)稱謂語(yǔ)的認(rèn)識(shí)。-漢語(yǔ)稱謂中首席長(zhǎng)官常以“總”表示，英語(yǔ)稱謂中表示其含義的有：chief,general,head,managing。-漢語(yǔ)中表示副職的頭銜一般都冠以“副”字，而對(duì)應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)稱謂一般使用“vice,associate,deputy,assistant”等詞。-Deputy/assistant（以director表示職位的副職常以deputydirector表示，此外secretary,mayor,dean等頭銜的副職也可冠以deputy）例：海外部主任directoroftheOverseasDepartmentDirector企業(yè)廠長(zhǎng)，（中心）主任DivisionChief處長(zhǎng)SectionChief科長(zhǎng)英聯(lián)邦大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)PrincipleandVice-chancellor總理：PrimeMinister;Premier;Chancellor英國(guó)和日本首相primeminister

中國(guó)總理premier

德國(guó)、奧地利總理chancellor

primeminister是首相，首席內(nèi)閣大臣，政府首腦。是英國(guó)等君主立憲國(guó)家用的。

我國(guó)的總理在功能上跟首相有類似之處，所以可以類比，甚至可以對(duì)等，但在名稱上要有區(qū)別，因?yàn)槲覀兪巧鐣?huì)主義國(guó)家。

我們也有很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間用PM的，后來(lái)全部規(guī)范成了premier在加拿大，primeminister也指各省省長(zhǎng)，而（state）premier在澳州是各州州長(zhǎng)的意思。練習(xí)：GeneralManager/President總經(jīng)理GeneralManagerAssistant總經(jīng)理助理DeputyGeneralManager副總經(jīng)理Managingdirector行政總監(jiān)Customersexecutive客戶主任PersonnelManager人事部經(jīng)理ExportSalesManager外銷部經(jīng)理MarketingManager市場(chǎng)銷售部經(jīng)理MarketingExecutive銷售主管MarketingRepresentative銷售代表SalesManager銷售部經(jīng)理Logisticsmanager物流經(jīng)理CEO/CFO(chieffinancialofficer)/COO首席執(zhí)行官/首席財(cái)務(wù)官/首席營(yíng)運(yùn)官總公司HeadOffice/headquarter分公司BranchOffice營(yíng)業(yè)部BusinessOffice

人事部PersonnelDepartment人力資源部HumanResourcesDepartment

財(cái)務(wù)部GeneralAccountingDepartment

銷售部SalesDepartment進(jìn)、出口部Import/ExportDepartment廣告部AdvertisingDepartment

研發(fā)部ResearchandDevelopmentDepartment(R&D)黨群部門(mén)：ProvincialPublicityDepartmentpropaganda.

theselectedtruths,exaggerations,andliesofwartimepropaganda.

被選擇出來(lái)的事實(shí)、夸張以及戰(zhàn)時(shí)宣傳的謊言中共中央組織部theOrganizationDepartmentoftheCPCCentralCommittee中共中央宣傳部thePublicityDepartmentoftheCPCCentralCommittee中共中央宣傳部theUnitedFrontWorkDepartmentoftheCPCCentralCommittee外資企業(yè)foreign-funded/-investedenterprise合資企業(yè)jointventure/jointly-fundedenterprise獨(dú)資企業(yè)exclusively/solelyforeign-fundedenterprise國(guó)有企業(yè)stateenterprise/state-ownedenterprise(SOE)國(guó)有公司state-ownedfirm集體企業(yè)collectively-runbusiness鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)townshipenterpriseIIInterpretingProverbs,QuotationsandSayings注意收集譯法，做到用時(shí)信手拈來(lái)。（唐詩(shī)三百首的英譯本；《大學(xué)》、《中庸》、《孟子》等古籍英譯本）Sayings:形同意合例子：Businessisbusiness.Likefather,likeson.Outofsight,outofmind.形似意合例子：Teachfishtoswim.Beatthedogbeforethelion.Killtwobirdswithonestone.形異意合翻譯此類諺語(yǔ)，應(yīng)采取“形相遠(yuǎn)意相近”的方法，即以完全不同的詞語(yǔ)將甲方語(yǔ)句的寓意準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)給乙方。Latefruitkeepswell.大器晚成。Allyourswansaregeese.事與愿違。Thepotcallsthekettleblack.五十步笑百步。歇后語(yǔ)口譯：翻譯其后半部分所表達(dá)的主要含義。黃鼠狼給雞拜年--不懷好意。

AweaselwishingHappyNewYeartoachicken-harboringnogoodintention.八仙過(guò)海--各顯其能。

(Like)theEightImmortalscrossingthesea-eachshowinghisorherspecialprowess.(Eachofthemshowstheirtrueworth).兔子尾巴長(zhǎng)不了。

Thetailofarabbit-cannotbelong;won'tlastlong.IIIFiguresInterpretingDifferencesinthewayofexpressingthefiguresinChineseandEnglish:1.Digit2.Time3.Unit英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的數(shù)位分段英語(yǔ)三段法：個(gè)位；十位；百位；千位；十千；百千；百萬(wàn)；十百萬(wàn)；百百萬(wàn)；．．．．．．漢語(yǔ)四段法(十進(jìn)制)個(gè)位；十位；百位；千位；萬(wàn)位；十萬(wàn)．．．．．．億億萬(wàn)ＸＸ，ＸＸＸ，Ｘ′ＸＸ，ＸＸ′Ｘ，ＸＸＸ例：英語(yǔ)：hundredthousandmillionbilliontrillionquadrillionKMBT倍數(shù)的表達(dá)AisXtimesaslargeasA;AisXtimeslargerthanB.1)Xtimesas…as…或Xtimesthe…of兩倍Twiceas…as…/twicethe…of三倍threetimesas…as…/threetimesthe…of…四倍fourtimesas…as…/fourtimesthe…of…五倍fivetimesas…as…/fivetimesthe…of…Eg.這條河是門(mén)前小溪的三倍長(zhǎng)。Thisriveristhreetimesaslongas/threetimesthelengthofthebrookinfrontofthehouse.2)用toincreaseby…表達(dá)兩倍toincreaseby100%三倍toincreaseby200%四倍toincreaseby300%五倍toincreaseby400%Eg.今年進(jìn)口的糧食翻了一番。Theimportedgrainthisyearhasincreasedby100%.3)用double表達(dá)兩倍todouble三倍totriple四倍toquadruple五倍toquintuple六倍以上就很少有這種用法了。計(jì)量單位的表達(dá)：中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)量單位：斤；里；畝；國(guó)際通用計(jì)量單位公斤；公里；公頃hectare換算：一公斤＝２斤一公里＝２里一公頃＝１５畝畝”是我國(guó)的地積單位，它與我國(guó)的市制長(zhǎng)度單位“丈”、“尺”和市制面積單位“平方丈”、“平方尺”有著密切的關(guān)系：因?yàn)?畝=60平方丈，1平方丈=100平方尺，所以，1畝=6000平方尺。又因?yàn)?平方米=9平方尺，所以，1畝=6000/9=2000/3平方米。也就是：1例子：長(zhǎng)春工程學(xué)院現(xiàn)有西校區(qū)（寬平大路）、東校區(qū)（同志街）和南校區(qū)（前進(jìn)大街）等三個(gè)校區(qū)，占地總面積52.50萬(wàn)㎡；各類校舍總建筑面積47.94萬(wàn)㎡；運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)地總面積10.37萬(wàn)㎡；52.50萬(wàn)㎡＝７８７畝＝５３公頃47.94萬(wàn)㎡＝７１９畝＝４８公頃10.37萬(wàn)㎡＝１５５畝＝１０公頃(記錄時(shí)就記XXhectares)口譯練習(xí)：自從實(shí)行鄧小平先生倡導(dǎo)的改革開(kāi)放政策以來(lái)，中國(guó)發(fā)生了前所未有的深刻變革。從１９７８年到２００８年的３０年間，中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值從１４７３億美元增長(zhǎng)到１6４9４億美元，年均增長(zhǎng)９．４％，進(jìn)出口總額從206億美元增長(zhǎng)到11548億美元，年均增長(zhǎng)超過(guò)１６％。國(guó)家外匯儲(chǔ)備從１．６７億美元增長(zhǎng)到６０９９億美元。農(nóng)村貧困人口從２．５億人減少到２６００萬(wàn)人。中國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力顯著增強(qiáng)，人民生活顯著改善。SincetheadoptionofthepolicyofopeninguptotheoutsideworldproposedbyMr.DengXiaoping,Chinahadtheunprecedentedprofoundchanges.Overthe30yearsfrom1978to2008,China’sGDPincreasedfrom147.3billionUSDto1.6494trillionUSD,theannualincreasingratereachesto9.4%.ThetotalvolumeofExportandImportincreasedfrom20.6billionUSDto1.1548trillionUSD,theannualincreasingrateexceeds16%.ThestateForeignExchangeReserveincreasedfrom0.167billionUSDto609.9billionUSD.Thenumberofruralpoorpopulationreducedfrom0.25billionto26million.China’scomprehensivenationalstrengthremarkablyimprovedandChina’speople’slive億＝hundredmillionIII.Note-takingininterpretingPrinciples:記要點(diǎn)；忌全記（概念、命題、名稱、數(shù)字、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、邏輯關(guān)系）快記、精記；忌潦草使用譯入語(yǔ)（也可以使用目標(biāo)語(yǔ)或雙語(yǔ)）技巧：帶活頁(yè)圈的上翻式記錄本。（課堂演示可用Ａ４紙張３或４折）。使用縱向階梯式縮進(jìn)機(jī)構(gòu)。多分行。兩邊留白。（邏輯關(guān)系）演示ＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸＸ例：中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，美國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，中美應(yīng)攜手為世界的和平和穩(wěn)定共同努力。中ｄｅｖｅｉｎｇ美deveped共力?記筆記的時(shí)候，筆向右走，讀筆記的時(shí)候眼睛往下走。左邊留白寫(xiě)關(guān)聯(lián)詞：因?yàn)椋凰?；第一；第二等。方便自己清晰筆記內(nèi)容的結(jié)構(gòu)。右邊留白做信息的補(bǔ)充：inadditionto…UnitTwoInterpretingforReceptionService2-1GreetingsattheAirport2-2HotelAccommodation2-3BanquetService2-4GettingAroundI．Review1)Languageisatool,isakindofmessagetransferencewiththesourcelanguagemeaningasmainaxis.2)Andinterpretationistheprocesswhichusesthesimplelanguagetosolvethecomplexthings,notusesthecomplexlanguagetosolvethecomplexthings.II.IntroductionTobealiaison-escortinterpreter,firstofall,youshouldbeclearthattheinterpretingwayisbyliaison-escortinterpreting,OneorTwowayinterpretingorConsecutiveInterpreting.Second,asaninterpreter,youshouldbeclearinadvancethatthetwoparties(hostsandguests)representatives’identitiesintheinterpretingoccasion.Third,asaninterpreter,youalsoshouldbecleartheprocedureofforeignreceptionservice:Airporttohoteltobanquethall.III.技巧點(diǎn)撥（1）：漢譯英中定語(yǔ)從句的處理InChinese,theattributivepartsarealwaysputbeforethesubject;whileinEnglish,theyarealwaysputbehindthesubject.Andwhenthesubjectismodifiedbyseveralattributiveparts,commonlywearrangethemfromsmallunitstobigones.①漢語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)前置、英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)后置例一:我是海通集團(tuán)人力資源部經(jīng)理戴嘉佳。譯：I’mDaiJiajia,thePersonnelManagerofHaitongGroup.例二：我是上海郵電服務(wù)發(fā)展公司海外部主任陳天明。定語(yǔ)中心詞譯：I’mChenTianming,thedirectorofoverseasdepartmentofShanghaiPost&TelecommunicationservicedevelopmentCompany.例三：中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十六次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)，是我們黨在新世紀(jì)召開(kāi)的第一次代表大會(huì)，也是我們黨在開(kāi)始實(shí)施社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)第三步戰(zhàn)略部署的新形勢(shì)下召開(kāi)的一次十分重要的代表大會(huì)。譯：The16thCPCNationalCongressisthefirstofitskindheldbythePartyinthenewcenturyanditisaveryimportantcongressconvenedbythePartyinthenewsituationinwhichChinahasbeguntotakethethirdstepofthestrategicplanforsocialistmodernization.

Eg.中國(guó)長(zhǎng)春工程學(xué)院的學(xué)者們ScholarsatChina’sChangchunInstituteofTechnology②拆分法例一:我是上海郵電服務(wù)發(fā)展公司海外部主任陳天明。定語(yǔ)中心詞譯：I’mChenTianmingfromShanghaiPost&TelecommunicationsServiceDevelopmentCompany.//I’mdirectorofthecompany’sOverseasDepartment.例一:我是海通集團(tuán)人力資源部經(jīng)理戴嘉佳。譯：I’mDaiJiajiafromHaitongGroup.IamthePersonnelManager.2.表示第一人稱主觀情感、態(tài)度的句式①I’mveryhappy/pleased/glad/delightedthat②It’sagreatpleasureformeto③Itgivesmegreatpleasureto④Itisagreathonorforme⑤Itgivesmeagreathonor例一：我為自己能受到貴方的友好邀請(qǐng)，與一組中國(guó)優(yōu)秀的汽車專家合作共事而深感愉快和榮幸。ItismygreatpleasureandprivilegetohavereceivedyourgraciousinvitationandworkwithadistinguishedgroupofChina’sautomobilespecialists.例二：我們非常榮幸和高興地邀請(qǐng)到國(guó)務(wù)院總理溫家寶與采訪十屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)三次會(huì)議的中外記者見(jiàn)面，并回答大家的提問(wèn)?，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)溫總理先講幾句話。ItisgreatpleasureandprivilegedforustohavePremierWenJiabaoheretomeetthejournalistsandreporterswhotakecoveragethe3rdSessionofthe10thNationalPeople’sCongressandansweryourquestions.Now,we’dliketoinvitePremiertogiveusafewremarks.例三：今天，有機(jī)會(huì)參加博鰲亞洲論壇2004年年會(huì)，我感到十分高興。首先，我代表中國(guó)政府，對(duì)各位朋友的到來(lái)，表示熱烈的歡迎！ItgivesmegreatpleasuretoattendtheBoaoForumforAsia2004AnnualConferencetoday.Letmebeginbyextending,onbehalfoftheChinesegovernment,mywarmestwelcometoallofyoupresenthere.例四：各位，晚上好，今天我們?cè)诖伺e辦晚宴，招待各位親愛(ài)的朋友和敬業(yè)的專家，慶賀我們的會(huì)談取得圓滿成功，我感到非常高興。我特別感謝凱蘭女士大駕光臨。沒(méi)有凱蘭女士的最后努力，還不知道現(xiàn)在會(huì)怎么樣呢，恐怕我們還在談判之中。LadiesandGentlemen:goodevening.Itgivesmeagreatpleasuretohostthebanquetinhonorofourdearfriendsanddedicateexperts,andcelebratethesuccessfulconclusionofourtalks.Inparticular,I’dliketothankMs.Kellandforhercoming.Withoutherlast-minuteeffort,wewouldstillbeinthemiddleofnowhere,probablyinthemiddleofnegations,I’mafraid.3.四字格短語(yǔ)的翻譯漢語(yǔ)詞匯浩如煙海，其中四字格隨處可見(jiàn)。四字格通俗的講,是四字短語(yǔ)或詞組,既指慣常使用的,約定俗成的四字短語(yǔ),尤其是四字成語(yǔ),又可指臨時(shí)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境需要組合而成的四字詞組。四字格語(yǔ)意精練，形象生動(dòng)，音韻優(yōu)美，是漢語(yǔ)詞庫(kù)中的瑰寶，充分表現(xiàn)了漢語(yǔ)的博大精深。這些四字格短語(yǔ)有的是經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期使用凝練出的成語(yǔ)，一個(gè)典故、一種現(xiàn)象或一條哲理自然而然地濃縮于四字之中，妙不可言；還有些四字格意思淺顯易懂，是普通詞匯固定下來(lái)的，它們往往抑揚(yáng)頓挫，整齊劃一，讀起來(lái)朗朗上口。正是因?yàn)樗淖指穸陶Z(yǔ)具有其它語(yǔ)言形式難以取代的優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以一直在漢語(yǔ)中被廣泛使用。熟練掌握漢語(yǔ)的四字格短語(yǔ)，充分理解、挖掘英語(yǔ)原文的深刻含義，譯文與原文在意義上應(yīng)動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)，不要形式對(duì)等。例：不辭辛勞sparenopain;makeitinspiteofthetiringtrip設(shè)宴洗塵holdareceptionlunchinyourhonor原滋原味originalflavor特色點(diǎn)心specialsnack皮薄汁醇withthin(andtranslucent)wrappersandrichintastysoap皮脆肉嫩crispyskinandtendermeat酸甜適口withsweetandsoarsource走馬觀花castingapassingglanceatflowerswhileridingonhorseback言歸正傳comebacktothesubject/story綠草成蔭Boastingstretchesofgreengrass綠樹(shù)成林Forestsofgreentrees流水潺潺streammurmuring鳥(niǎo)兒啁啾birdschirping四季花香fragrantflowersblossomingallyearround以綠引資attractinginvestmentwithgreenenvironment以資養(yǎng)綠maintainingagreenenvironmentwithinvestment素雅幽靜theenvironmentisenvelopedinapeaceful,elegantandrelaxingatmosphere.色香味型color,aroma,flavorandappearance中國(guó)菜名翻譯新版《中文菜單英文譯法》中的大部分中文菜名，以主料、烹飪方法、形狀或口感、人名或地名等幾種為主來(lái)翻譯。其中，具有中國(guó)餐飲特色的傳統(tǒng)食品，使用漢語(yǔ)拼音命名，如餃子Jiaozi；具有中國(guó)特色且被外國(guó)人接受的菜名，使用方言來(lái)拼寫(xiě)或音譯拼寫(xiě)，如豆腐Tofu；中文菜肴名稱難以體現(xiàn)其做法及主配料的，使用漢語(yǔ)拼音，并在其后標(biāo)注英文注釋，如佛跳墻Fotiaoqiang(SteamedAbalonewithShark'sFinandFishMaw)。給中國(guó)菜一個(gè)相對(duì)統(tǒng)一的英文菜名確實(shí)是一件非常有意義的事情，但是難度也非常大。“英文菜名應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)潔易懂，但是菜名往往肩負(fù)著解釋菜品原料味道的作用，而中國(guó)菜經(jīng)常需要三四種甚至七八種原材料，要想說(shuō)清楚菜的原料就要有七八個(gè)單詞，如何簡(jiǎn)潔菜名是很值得思考的。”每一道中國(guó)菜背后都有很深厚的文化韻味，許多菜名甚至還有典故，比如“叫花雞”、“麻婆豆腐”、“貴妃醉雞”，這些擁有典故的菜名正體現(xiàn)著中國(guó)飲食文化的特色，但是完全直譯不能說(shuō)清楚菜品的由來(lái)，要想講明白典故又太過(guò)復(fù)雜。究竟如何翻譯才能兼顧文化和實(shí)用是菜名翻譯的重頭戲。錯(cuò)誤的翻譯：“四喜丸子”，翻譯成英文是“Fourgladmeatballs”（四個(gè)高興的肉團(tuán)）

“麻婆豆腐”翻譯成“滿臉雀斑的女人制作的豆腐”Tofumadebyagirlwithseriousskinproblem!"鐵板牛肉"翻譯成"有皺紋的鐵牛肉"Corrugatedironbeef)；

"宮堡雞"則被翻譯成"政府虐待雞"(Governmentabusechicken)；

"生魚(yú)塊"成了"砍那陌生的魚(yú)"(Chopthestrangefish)

“童子雞”翻譯成“還沒(méi)有性生活的雞(ChickenWithout**ualLife)”

“口水雞”譯成“流口水的雞(SlobberingChicken)”

“回鍋肉”翻譯成“烹了兩次的豬肉(Twice—cookedpork)IV.InterpretingexercisesSentenceinFocusP.64翻譯技巧補(bǔ)充：表示方位接壤的英文表達(dá)JingheHigh-TechParkenjoysasuperiorlocation,withtheCapitalBeijingasthebackdrop,facingUnitThreeInterpretingConversations3-1Welcome3-2AWishtoInvest3-3EstablishingaJiontVenture3-4CulturalDifferencesITechniques1.副詞的巧用例一：基本情況是這樣的，外國(guó)直接在華投資可以在最大程度上發(fā)揮有關(guān)雙方的優(yōu)勢(shì)。譯：Basically,directforeigninvestmentinChinamaximizethestrengthsofbothpartiesconcerned.Basically=Thebasicsituationisasfollows:例二：就我個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，我希望你們?cè)谏虾５钠謻|地區(qū)投資。Personally,IlikeyoutoinvestinPudongareaofShanghai.Personally=Accordingtomypersonalopinion,…例三：Initially,Iwouldliketoembarkonthisjointventurebusinessatamoderaterate,withasafescale.在合作建立合資企業(yè)初期，我想以一個(gè)合適的速度和穩(wěn)妥的規(guī)模來(lái)進(jìn)行。2.并列長(zhǎng)句的處理：簡(jiǎn)化法：英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的長(zhǎng)句翻譯起來(lái)均較難處理，通常采用的技巧是考慮怎樣使句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、明了化。在從分理解原句的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)各子句進(jìn)行全新的邏輯安排，給出較為簡(jiǎn)化易懂的譯文。例一：中國(guó)幅員遼闊，自然資源豐富，……以及誘人的投資環(huán)境。譯（一）：Chinahasmassiveland,abundantnaturalresources,hugecheaplabor,lowtaxation,agrowingconsumermarket,improvinginfrastructureandofcourse,astablesocialandpoliticalenvironmentwithattractiveinvestmentpolicies.譯（二）：Chinahasmassiveland.ThenaturalresourcesinChinaarerichandthecheaplaborishuge.Andthetaxationislow.What’smore,theconsumermarketisgrowingandinfrastructureisimproving.Andofcourse,hereinChinawehaveastablesocialandpoliticalenvironmentwithattractiveinvestmentpolicies.例二：由于我們最近幾年宏觀調(diào)控的成功，采取了適當(dāng)從緊的財(cái)政和貨幣政策，控制了貨幣的發(fā)行，我們的通貨膨脹速度很低，通貨膨脹的指數(shù)很低。因此我們有可能拿出較多的財(cái)力來(lái)刺激國(guó)內(nèi)的需求。我講的這個(gè)需求就是加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，鐵路，公路，農(nóng)田，水利，市政，環(huán)保設(shè)施等等方面的建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)高新技術(shù)的提高，加強(qiáng)現(xiàn)有企業(yè)的技術(shù)改造，提高國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的需求。Thankstothesuccessinthemacroregulationandthecontroleffortsoverthepastseveralyearsandalsoamoderatelytightmonetaryandfiscalpolicythatwehaveadopted,wehaveeffectivelycontrolledthecurrencyissueovertheyearsandtheinflationindexhasbeenkeptatalowlevel.So,giventhesegoodconditions,wehavethepossibilityof“channelingmorefinancialresourcesto“stimulatethedomesticdemand.Bystimulatingdomesticdemand,Imeanwewillincreaseinvestmentintheconstructionofinfrastructuressuchashighways,railways,andalsothefarmlandconstructionandwater”conservancyfacilitiesandmunicipalfacilitiesandenvironmentalprotectionfacilities.Wearealsoincreasinginvestmentinthehighandthenewtechnologyindustriesandinthetechnical”upgradingoftheexistingenterprises.So,allinall,wearetoincreasethedemandofthewholenationaleconomy.例三：我從群眾的意見(jiàn)中嘎受到大家對(duì)政府工作的期待和鞭策，也看到了一種信心和力量。我們的國(guó)家和民族正站在歷史的新的起點(diǎn)上，面對(duì)新的任務(wù)，需要更加清醒、更加堅(jiān)定、更加努力。譯：Icouldalsoappreciatetheconfidenceandstrengthreflectedinthosecomments.Ourcountryandournationnowstandatanewhistoricalstartingpoint.Infaceofnewtasks,weneedtobeevenmoresober-minded.Weneedtostayfirmlyontherightcourse,andweneedtoworkevenharder.3.主題結(jié)構(gòu)的使用主題結(jié)構(gòu)：在口譯的過(guò)程中，原語(yǔ)發(fā)言人大段的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)通常具有鮮明的邏輯主題，在記憶的過(guò)程中，將主題提煉出來(lái)，是信息邏輯化記憶的一種手段。在翻譯成目標(biāo)語(yǔ)時(shí)，用withregardto;intermsof;asfor;by…等引導(dǎo)主題出現(xiàn)的關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)，使得聽(tīng)眾首先抓住發(fā)言的主題，對(duì)于理解整段發(fā)言的含義有積極的作用。例一：投資興辦合資企業(yè)時(shí)，通常外方提供資金、機(jī)械設(shè)備、先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理方法，而中方則提供土地、勞動(dòng)力以及部分用于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的資金。至于外方獨(dú)資企業(yè)嘛，外商提供所有資金，賺取所有利潤(rùn)，同時(shí)承擔(dān)所有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。你可以選擇自己喜歡的方式經(jīng)營(yíng)獨(dú)資公司，當(dāng)然不可超越中國(guó)法律。Withajointventure,aforeignpartnerusuallybringsintotheenterpriseorbusinesscapitalfunds,machinery,advancedtechnologyandmanagement,whiletheChinesepartnersuppliesland,laborandaportionofthefundsfortheinfrastructure.Thebusinessisthenjointlyrunbybothparties.Asforthesolelyforeign–fundedbusiness,youprovideallthefundsandtakeallthebenefits,aswellasalltherisks.Youcanrunthecompanyinwhateverwayyouprefer,withintheboundaryofChineselaws,ofcourse.UnitFourInterpretingInterviews(Omitted)UnitFiveInterpretingCeremonialSpeechesText1RevisitingtheOldHautText2AText3OurFutureText4A□禮儀祝辭屬于“演辭式話語(yǔ)”，它在口譯中最為常見(jiàn)，最能體現(xiàn)譯員的口譯水平。□禮儀祝詞語(yǔ)言通常華麗精美，發(fā)言人常引經(jīng)據(jù)典，出口成章，因此在訓(xùn)練中要防止望文生義，詞匯貧乏，句型單一的現(xiàn)象。Teachingobjective:MakestudentsknowwhySTMissoimportantininterpretation;Makestudentsgraspthecomponentsofatoast,awelcomingaddress,anaddressforthanks,goodwillandcongratulationandlearntointerpretthem.Teachingrequirements:Teachersmustintroducetostudentsthemethodsofmemorizingininterpretation:1.Howtointerpretatoast:componentsofatoast,awelcomingaddress,anaddressforthanks,goodwillandcongratulation2.Studentsinterpretgroupsofsentencesonexpressingone’swelcome,thanks,goodwillandproposingatoast4.Understandhowtomakeapreparationfortheinterpretingtasks.5.Findwaystoimproveyourinterpretingskillsandperformance.6.Masterthebasicwordsandexpressionsaboutceremonialaddress.7.Knowsomeculturalbackgroundknowledgeaboutceremonialaddress.Mainpoints:1.Componentsofceremonialspeecheslikeatoast,awelcomingaddress,anaddressforthanks,goodwillandcongratulation2.SampleSentences3.Techniquesintroduction-Preparationsbeforeinterpreting-Language(Idioms)InterpretationTextStudy基本詞匯開(kāi)幕/閉幕式opening/closingceremony

開(kāi)幕詞openingspeech/address

致開(kāi)幕詞makeanopeningspeech

友好訪問(wèn)goodwillvisit閣下Your/His/HerHonor/Excellency

貴賓distinguishedguest

尊敬的市長(zhǎng)先生RespectedMr.Mayor

遠(yuǎn)道而來(lái)/來(lái)自大洋彼岸的朋友friendscomingfromadistantland/theothersideofthePacific

東道國(guó)hostcountry宣布……開(kāi)幕declare……open

值此之際ontheoccasionof

借此機(jī)會(huì)takethisopportunityto

以……名義inthenameof

本著……精神inthespiritof

代表onthebehalfof

由衷的謝意heartfeltthanks

友好款待gracioushospitality

正式邀請(qǐng)officialinvitation

回顧過(guò)去lookbackon

展望未來(lái)lookahead/lookintothefuture

最后inclosing

圓滿成功acompletesuccess

提議祝酒proposeatoast一貫奉行

in

persistent

pursuit

of

平等互利

equality

and

mutual

benefit

雙邊關(guān)系

bilateral

relations

持久和平

lasting

peace典型例句

1.我愿借此機(jī)會(huì)，代表我們代表團(tuán)的全體成員，對(duì)我們東道主的誠(chéng)摯邀請(qǐng)，表示真誠(chéng)的謝意。

Onthebehalfofallthemembersofmymission,Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressoursincerethankstoourhostfortheirearnestinvitation.

2.現(xiàn)在，我愉快地宣布第二十二屆萬(wàn)國(guó)郵政聯(lián)盟大會(huì)開(kāi)幕。

Now,Ihavethepleasuretodeclarethe22ndUniversalPostalCongressopen.

3.我很榮幸地代表中國(guó)政府和人民向來(lái)自聯(lián)合王國(guó)的代表團(tuán)表示熱烈的歡迎。

IhavethehonortoexpressthiswarmwelcomeonbehalfoftheChineseGovernmentandpeopletothedelegationfromtheUnitedKingdom.

4.我謹(jǐn)向各位表示最熱烈的歡迎。

Iwouldliketoextendmywarmestwelcometoallofyou.

5.我預(yù)祝大會(huì)圓滿成功！

Iwishtheconferenceacompletesuccess!ClassPerforming課堂練習(xí)I.Decoding--NotesTaking（筆記記