實(shí)用科技英語(yǔ)教程-Transportation

Transportation

Lead

inTalkaboutlogosTalkaboutlogosTunnelAirRailRoadWaterPipelineLookatthefollowingpictures

and

matchthemwiththecorrespondingdescriptions.1.

transportallowspassengerstoattendbusinessconventions,gohomefortheholidays,takevacationsaroundtheglobe,ortraveltootherimportantevents.Italsorepresentsthefastestwaytoshipmosttypesofcargooverlongdistances.2.

transportisthemeansofconveyanceofpassengersandgoodsbywayofwheeledvehiclesrunningonrails,

also

known

as

tracks.3.

A(n)

isanundergroundpassageway.Itmaybeforpedestriansorcyclists,forgeneralroadtraffic,formotorvehiclesonly,forrailtraffic,orfora

canal.4.

Althoughrelativelyslow,

transportisahighlyeffectivemethodoftransportinglargequantitiesofnon-perishablegoods.Anditissignificantlylesscostlythantransportbyairfortrans-continentaldelivery.5.

transportisthetransportationofgoodsthroughapipe.Mostcommonly,liquidandgasesaresent,butpneumatictubesthattransportsolidcapsulesusingcompressedairarealsoused.6.

A(n)

isadividedhighwayforhigh-speedtrafficwithatleastpartialcontrolofaccess.Thedegreeofaccessallowedvariesbetweencountriesandevenbetweenregionswithinthesamecountry.Lookatthefollowingpictures

and

matchthemwiththecorrespondingdescriptions.1.

transportallowspassengerstoattendbusinessconventions,gohomefortheholidays,takevacationsaroundtheglobe,ortraveltootherimportantevents.Italsorepresentsthefastestwaytoshipmosttypesofcargooverlongdistances.2.

transportisthemeansofconveyanceofpassengersandgoodsbywayofwheeledvehiclesrunningonrails,

also

known

as

tracks.3.

A(n)

isanundergroundpassageway.Itmaybeforpedestriansorcyclists,forgeneralroadtraffic,formotorvehiclesonly,forrailtraffic,orfora

canal.4.

Althoughrelativelyslow,

transportisahighlyeffectivemethodoftransportinglargequantitiesofnon-perishablegoods.Anditissignificantlylesscostlythantransportbyair

fortrans-continentaldelivery.5.

transportisthetransportationofgoodsthroughapipe.Mostcommonly,liquidandgasesaresent,butpneumatictubesthattransportsolidcapsulesusingcompressedairarealsoused.6.

A(n)

isadividedhighwayforhigh-speedtrafficwithatleastpartialcontrolofaccess.Thedegreeofaccessallowedvariesbetweencountriesandevenbetweenregionswithinthesamecountry.AirRailtunnelshipPipelineexpresswayFurther

Development

ManybigcitiesintheUnitedStateshaveserious

.Toomanycarstravelonthefreewaystoandfromthecity.Thisheavytrafficcauses

andlotsofpollutionfromcarsthatareusingtheirenginesbutnotmovinganywhere.Manycarsgoingnowhereiscalleda“

.”

WhilemanycitiesintheUnitedStateshavetrafficproblems,someoftheworstareinLosAngeles,California.LosAngelesisabigcitywithalarge

.Oneofthereasonsthereissomuchtrafficisthatalmosteveryoneusesacartogetaroundinsteadof

.Manypeoplelivefarfromthecityanddrivemanykilometerstoworkandbackeveryday.Listening

Expertssayone

tothetrafficprobleminLosAngeleswouldbetomakepeoplewanttousethepublictransportationsystemofbusesinsteadoftheirowncars.Peoplesaythebusesshouldbemadeeasier,faster,lesscostlyand

thandrivingacar.

Onesuggestionistoreducethecostofridingthebus.People

couldsavealotofmoneyongasandparkingcosts.Also,LosAngelescouldmakethebuseseasierforpeople

to

use.

.

Andtherecouldbemorespeciallanesonthefreewaysthatonlybusescoulddrive

in.

Listening.

ManybigcitiesintheUnitedStateshaveserious

.Toomanycarstravelonthefreewaystoandfromthecity.Thisheavytrafficcauses

andlotsofpollutionfromcarsthatareusingtheirenginesbutnotmovinganywhere.Manycarsgoingnowhereiscalleda“

.”

WhilemanycitiesintheUnitedStateshavetrafficproblems,someoftheworstareinLosAngeles,California.LosAngelesisabigcitywithalarge

.Oneofthereasonsthereissomuchtrafficisthatalmosteveryoneusesacartogetaroundinsteadof

.Manypeoplelivefarfromthecityanddrivemanykilometerstoworkandbackeveryday.Listeningtraffic

problemsdelaystraffic

jamdowntown

areausing

public

transportation

Expertssayone

tothetrafficprobleminLosAngeleswouldbetomakepeoplewanttousethepublictransportationsystemofbusesinsteadoftheirowncars.Peoplesaythebusesshouldbemadeeasier,faster,lesscostlyand

thandrivingacar.

Onesuggestionistoreducethecostofridingthebus.People

couldsavealotofmoneyongasandparkingcosts.Also,LosAngelescouldmakethebuseseasierforpeople

to

use.

Andtherecouldbemorespeciallanesonthefreewaysthatonlybusescoulddrive

in.

Listeningpossible

solution

more

dependable

who

usually

drive

their

cars

The

buses

could

travel

to

more

places

in

the

city

.These

changes

would

make

taking

the

bus

fasterand

easier

than

driving

a

car.Word

PuzzleTRANSPORTWord

Puzzle

AU

OMOBILE

TAINMETR

EX

RESS

UBWAY

TUN

EL

IRPLANETAM

LIGHRAILTRANSPORT飛機(jī)電車輕軌隧道地鐵（美式）快車地鐵（英式）火車汽車

WritingPublicTransportandPrivateCar

DifferenceSimilarity12345

WritingPublicTransportandPrivateCar

DifferenceSimilarity1influenceonenvironmentconvenience2travelcostcomfort3parking4travelspeed5freedomWritingComparison(similarity)Bothpublictransportandprivatecarsconsumemuchenergyandreleasecarbondioxide,amajorcontributortotheglobalwarming.Likeprivatecars,well-developedpublictransportarecomfortableandefficient.

Inthesameway,theinfrastructurelikeroadcondition,trafficlightsisimportanttoguaranteesafedrivingforprivatecarsandpublictransport.WritingComparison(similarity)Bothpublictransportandprivatecarsconsumemuchenergyandreleasecarbondioxide,amajorcontributortotheglobalwarming.Likeprivatecars,well-developedpublictransportarecomfortableandefficient.

Inthesameway,theinfrastructurelikeroadcondition,trafficlightsisimportanttoguaranteesafedrivingforprivatecarsandpublictransport.WritingContrast(difference)Publictransportprovidefixedservicetimeandroutes,whereasprivatecarsallowustotravelanywherewithoutworryingaboutdeparturetime.Theyalsodifferinexpenses.Privatecarsaremuchmoreexpensiveforparking,regularmaintenanceandannualinsurance.Inaddition,whileprivatecarsrequirepatientandcarefuldrivers,publictransportismuchsaferandcare-free.

WritingContrast(difference)Publictransportprovidefixedservicetimeandroutes,whereasprivatecarsallowustotravelanywherewithoutworryingaboutdeparturetime.Theyalsodifferinexpenses.Privatecarsaremuchmoreexpensiveforparking,regularmaintenanceandannualinsurance.Inaddition,whileprivatecarsrequirepatientandcarefuldrivers,publictransportismuchsaferandcare-free.

Comprehensive

Progress

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2008Para1

2008hasbeenanincredibleyearforgreentransportationastheworld’sautomakersmadestridenteffortstogreentheirproductionlines,citiesdecidedthatit’stimetogiveourcar-centriclifestyleamuchneededrethink,andsomeincrediblenewvehiclesprovedonceandforallthatgreentransportationcanbesexierandperformjustaswellasanyothermethodoftransportation.Ratherthanpickingindividualstoriesfromthepastyear,wedecidedtoanalyzesomeoftheincredibletrendsthatmade2008alandmarkyearinthetransportationsector.Readonforanin-depthreviewoftengreentransportationtrends,andwhatwebelieve2009willbringus!

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2008Para1

對(duì)于綠色交通來(lái)說(shuō)，2008年是不可思議的一年。世界汽車制造商努力實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)線的綠色化，很多城市下定決心，是時(shí)候反思以汽車為中心的生活方式了，新款車型非同凡響，徹底證明了綠色出行與其他任何交通出行方式相比都毫不遜色，甚至更加引人著迷。分析表明，2008年一些令人難以置信的趨勢(shì)，而不是個(gè)別事件，使其成為交通運(yùn)輸行業(yè)的里程碑式的一年。閱讀此文，深入回顧十大綠色交通趨勢(shì)，展望未來(lái)2009年！

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2008Para21．THEGREENCARWILLSAVETHEINDUSTRY

TheToyotaPriushaslongbeenhailedasthehallmarkofhybridvehicles,sowewerenotsurprisedtoseecompetitorsflocktothemarketinanattempttodeveloptheultimate“Prius-killer”.Thispastyear,theMini-e,theFordFusion,theAudiA1,andtheHondaInsightwereallrevealedasthelatestandgreenest,butnonecausedasmuchruckusastheChevyVolt.GeneralMotorshasbuiltanelectricplatformthattheyhopecanbedeployedthroughouttheirentireline,firstintheVolt,andthenincheaperandcheapercars.TheVoltissuchanintegralpartofChevrolet’sfuturethatlastmonth,theGeneralMotorsCEOdrovetocongressonavehicleoutfittedwiththeVolt’spowertrain.Ironicthatthefirmthatkilledtheelectriccar,isnowhopingtocreateonetosurvive.

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2008Para2

豐田普銳斯（ToyotaPrius）長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直被譽(yù)為混合動(dòng)力汽車的標(biāo)志，所以看到競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手蜂擁而至，試圖研發(fā)終極“普銳斯殺手”，并沒(méi)什么好奇怪的。在過(guò)去的一年里，迷你e，福特Fusion，奧迪A1和本田Insight都發(fā)布了新款環(huán)保車型，但比起雪佛蘭沃藍(lán)達(dá)，都是波瀾不興。通用汽車（GeneralMotors）已經(jīng)建立了一個(gè)電動(dòng)汽車平臺(tái)，全線部署生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)汽車，首先是沃藍(lán)達(dá)（Volt），然后是價(jià)格趨低的車型。沃藍(lán)達(dá)是雪佛蘭未來(lái)不可或缺的一部分。上個(gè)月，通用汽車首席執(zhí)行官駕駛一輛配備了沃藍(lán)達(dá)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的汽車到國(guó)會(huì)去。具有諷刺意味的是，當(dāng)初正是這家公司干掉了電動(dòng)汽車，現(xiàn)在卻寄希望于生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)汽車以求得生存。

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2008Para32．COMPACTISCOOL

Whocanforgetthisyear’sastronomicalgasprices(andtheirnowmonumentalfall)?2008wastheyearthatclearlyshowedhowsillyitwastodrivehulkingvehiclesforpersonaltransportinourcities.WedeclaredtheSUVdead(westandbythatassertion),andwesawallcarmanufacturerslooktowardsthefutureandenvisionsmallervehiclesasintegraltoourwayoftravelling.NissanbroughtusthecuteNuvuandtherobot-assistedPivo2,Chryslerpeekedintotheircrystalballanddevelopedtheirneighborhood-friendlyGEMPeapod,andMitsubishidebutedtheI-Miev.2008provedthatthefutureofpersonaltransportationissmall,cuteandefficient.

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2008Para3

誰(shuí)能忘記今年的天價(jià)汽油（和現(xiàn)在的油價(jià)巨跌）？2008年清楚地表明，在城市里，個(gè)人出行駕駛笨重的龐然大物是多么地愚蠢。我們宣告SUV的死亡（我們堅(jiān)持這么認(rèn)為），我們看到所有的汽車制造商都在展望未來(lái)，設(shè)想車型小巧的車輛是我們未來(lái)出行所不可缺少的。尼桑給我們帶來(lái)了可愛(ài)的Nuvu車型和機(jī)器人輔助的Pivo2車型，克萊斯勒做出了自己的預(yù)測(cè)，研發(fā)出鄰里友好型的GEMPeapod,三菱的I-Miev也首次面世。2008年表明個(gè)人出行的交通工具在未來(lái)趨于小巧、可愛(ài)而高效。

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2008Para43．IT’SNOTJUSTABOUTFUELEFFICIENCY

Everyoneislookingatemissionsasthegreatestcontributortoglobalwarming,butthereissomuchmorethatwecandotoimproveourmethodsoftransportation.ThispastyearMazdashowcasedtheKiyora,acarthatcleanswater,whileBMWshowedacarthatnotonlyranonhydrogenbutalsocleanedtheairasitmovedthroughthecity.Butnonewasasexcitingtousasthesuper-environmentallyfriendlyEco-Elise,whichwasrevealedbyLotusinJulyofthisyear.Thevehiclewasnotjustanenergy-efficientvehicle,butwascreatedwiththegreenestmaterialsthatthecompanycouldfind.It’sliketheyreadourminds!

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2008Para4人人都以為汽車尾氣排放是導(dǎo)致全球變暖的最大原因，但是我們可以做更多的事情來(lái)改善我們的交通方式。在過(guò)去的一年里，馬自達(dá)展示了Kiyora，馬自達(dá)“清”概念車，而寶馬的一款氫燃料電池動(dòng)力車型在運(yùn)行時(shí)還能清潔城市空氣。最令人興奮的莫過(guò)于今年7月由路特斯（Lotus）發(fā)布的超級(jí)環(huán)保愛(ài)麗舍（Eco-Elise）。這款車不僅節(jié)能，而且是用該公司所能找到的最環(huán)保的材料制造而成的。就好像他們讀到了我們的思想一樣！

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2008Para54．GETYOURMILEAGEON

Everytimethatwethoughtthatcarscouldn’tgetmoreefficientwewerepleasantlysurprised.WewerethoroughlyimpressedwiththeSolobytheHungariancompanyAntro,whichclockedinatanimpressive150milespergallon.NextwewereecstatictohearthatVolkswagen’s235mpgconcept,theVW1Lwouldactuallygointoproduction,albeitinlimitednumbers.Andofcourse,cananyonereallynotbeimpressedbythe8923milespergallonFrenchMicrojoulevehicle?Sure,wewon’tbeseeingtheseontheroadanytimesoon,butlet’snotforgetthatwhatseemsimpossibletodaymaysoonbecommonplace.

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2008Para5我們總會(huì)又驚又喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)汽車的性能還可以變得更加高效。匈牙利公司Antro的Solo車型讓人印象深刻，它能以每加侖150英里的速度前行。欣喜若狂地聽(tīng)到大眾每加侖235英里的概念車，實(shí)際上大眾1L即將投入生產(chǎn)，盡管數(shù)量有限。那么，無(wú)論是誰(shuí)，對(duì)每加侖8923英里的法式Microloule(微焦耳)汽車，真的不會(huì)印象深刻嗎？的確，我們不會(huì)很快在路上看到這些車，但不要忘記，今天看來(lái)不可能的事情可能很快就會(huì)變得平常起來(lái)。

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2008Para65．BREAKINGTHEALTERNATIVEENERGYRECORD

2008sawanimpressivearrayofrecordbeingbroken.FirstcametheZephyrsolarplane,whichwasabletobeatitsownunmannedflyingrecord.ThencametheXof1solarcar,whichwentaroundCanadatobreakthelongestdistancetravelledbyasolarvehicle,andfinally,theEarthracebiodieselboatrecentlycompletedacarbon-neutraltouroftheworld.Clearlyalternativeenergyisreadyforprime-timeinthefieldoftransportation.

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2008Para6

2008年見(jiàn)證了一系列記錄被打破，令人難以忘懷。最先出現(xiàn)的是“微風(fēng)”太陽(yáng)能動(dòng)力無(wú)人機(jī)，它打破了自己的無(wú)人駕駛飛行紀(jì)錄。接下來(lái)是Xof1太陽(yáng)能汽車，它環(huán)游加拿大，打破了太陽(yáng)能汽車所能行駛的最長(zhǎng)里程。最后，“地球競(jìng)賽”號(hào)生物柴油快艇剛剛完成了一次環(huán)游世界的碳中和之旅。顯然，新能源已經(jīng)為迎接交通運(yùn)輸行業(yè)發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)期做好了準(zhǔn)備。

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2008Para76．MUSCLECARSGOGREEN

2008wastheyearthatclearlyshowedthatgreenmusclecarsarenothingtosneezeat.Teslafinallystarteddistributingproductionvehicles,HondashowedtheFCSport,ChryslercameoutswingingwiththeDodgeEV,andFiskerwoweduswiththeKarma.Ifthereisonetrendworthyofbeingcalledwickedcool,thisisit.2008clearlyshowedthatsleekandincrediblyhigh-performingvehiclescannotonlybegreen,butareworthyofcompetingagainsttheirfossilfuelcounterparts.Let’sfaceit,whenevenFerrariisgoinggreen,whocanhonestlystillclaimthatit’sjustapassingtrend?

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2008Para7

2008年清晰顯示，環(huán)保型肌肉車不容輕視。特斯拉終于開(kāi)始銷售生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)汽車，本田氫動(dòng)力概念運(yùn)動(dòng)跑車FCSport全新亮相，克萊斯勒道奇EV電動(dòng)汽車高調(diào)問(wèn)世，菲斯克Karma盡享業(yè)界口碑。如果有一種潮流配得上被稱為邪魅酷炫，那就是它。2008年清楚地表明，造型流暢優(yōu)美的超高性能車型不僅可以是綠色環(huán)保的，其性能更足以媲美使用化石燃料的同類車型。讓我們面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)吧，即使是法拉利也在漸漸變綠，誰(shuí)還會(huì)內(nèi)心里認(rèn)為這只是一種短暫的趨勢(shì)呢？

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2008Para87．WELOVEBIKES

We’vealwaysfeaturedbikeshereatInhabitat,but2008broughtussomeincredibleinnovationsincyclery.FromMercedes-Benz’sTrailblazer,toYamaha’swickedCity-Cbike,toStrida’ssleekfoldingsofferings,bikesofalltypescameoutbetterlookingthanever.Itwasn’tjustbikesthough—IKEArolledoutbiketrailers,andbikesharingwasannouncedforLondonandevenforthecityofWashingtonDC.Heck,weevenimploredyoutorideyourbiketovote!Andofcoursewemustadmitthatwecan’thelpbutwantanUltra-brightDownLowGlowlightforourbikes.

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2008Para8使用自行車出行一直都是我們這里居民的特色，但2008年給我們帶來(lái)了一些令人難以置信的自行車行方面的創(chuàng)新。從梅賽德斯-奔馳的開(kāi)拓者，到雅馬哈的強(qiáng)大的城市-C自行車，再到時(shí)尚靚麗的速立達(dá)折疊車，所有類型的自行車比以往任何時(shí)候都好看。它不僅僅是自行車——宜家推出了帶拖車的自行車，倫敦，甚至還有華盛頓特區(qū)，都宣布了自行車共享。見(jiàn)鬼，我們甚至懇求你騎自行車去投票！當(dāng)然，必須承認(rèn)，我們?nèi)滩蛔∠胍獮樽约旱淖孕熊囇b一個(gè)超亮的低處發(fā)光燈。

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2008Para98．THESKATEBOARDGOESGREEN

Weneverthoughtthattheskateboardwasanitemwithalargeenvironmentalimpact,butafterlearningthattheskateboardindustryisthelargestcontributortomapledeforestationwestartedtopayattention.BoththeBambooSK8skateboardandtheDryLeafSkateboardpresenteco-friendlyalternativesthatlookwaycoolerthantheirstandardcounterparts.Attentionskaters,younowhaveachoice.

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2008Para9我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有想到滑板對(duì)環(huán)境有很大的影響，但是當(dāng)我們知道滑板業(yè)是導(dǎo)致楓樹(shù)砍伐的最大原因之后，我們就開(kāi)始關(guān)注了。無(wú)論是竹制SK8滑板，還是干葉滑板，均采用了生態(tài)友好型替代材料，比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的木制產(chǎn)品要時(shí)尚新穎得多。注意啦，溜滑板的人，你們現(xiàn)在可以有選擇了。

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2008Para109．DO-IT-YOURSELF

Allofthesesleekdesignsaregreatnews,butwemustadmitthattherewasonetrendthatreallycaughtoureye:ifyoucan’tbuyit,do-it-yourself.FirstcamePhilBridge’scardboardbicycle,thenKyleDansie’selectricbike.Finally,wemustadmitthatweneverexpectedtoseeaDIYhybridvehicle,butRobertRiley’sXR3turnedheadsbyclearlyshowinghowtomakeahybridcapableofachievingawhopping225mpg.

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2008Para10

所有這些時(shí)尚設(shè)計(jì)都是好消息，但我們必須承認(rèn)，有一種趨勢(shì)才是真正地奪人眼球：買不到的東西，就自己動(dòng)手做吧。先是菲爾·布里奇的紙板自行車，然后是凱爾·丹西的電動(dòng)自行車。最后，我們必須承認(rèn)，我們從沒(méi)想過(guò)會(huì)看到一輛DIY的混合動(dòng)力汽車，但羅伯特·萊利的XR3改變了我們的想法，它清楚地展示了如何使混合動(dòng)力車的車速高達(dá)每加侖225英里。

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2008Para1110．BIGTHOUGHTS

Whilemanyoftheyear’stransportationtrendsfocusedonthepersonalvehicle,itwascitiesthatproducedthebiggestnews.ChinaandGermanybothbannedcars—theformerinordertoreducepollutionintimefortheOlympics,whilethelatteraimedtoreducecongestion.Londonrecentlyannouncedanewhybriddoubledeckerbus,whilethreecitiesinCaliforniaannouncedtheirplanstobecometheelectric-vehiclehubofthenation.Andwhilewe’reonthesubjectofexcitingnewinfrastructure,Californiansrecentlyvotedtocreatean800milehigh-speedrailsystemthatwilllinkeverycityfromSanDiegotoSacramento.Nowthatisthefuture!

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Trends

of

2008Para11雖然今年交通發(fā)展關(guān)注的是個(gè)人交通工具，但最大的新聞卻來(lái)自城市。中國(guó)和德國(guó)都禁車了——前者是為了在奧運(yùn)期間減少污染，而后者的目的則是降低擁堵。倫敦最近宣布了一款新型混合動(dòng)力雙層巴士，而加州的三個(gè)城市宣布他們計(jì)劃成為美國(guó)的電動(dòng)汽車中心。當(dāng)我們?cè)谟懻摿钊伺d奮的新基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的同時(shí)，加州人最近投票決定修建一個(gè)長(zhǎng)達(dá)800英里的高速鐵道系統(tǒng)，它將連接從圣地亞哥到薩克拉門托的每一個(gè)城市。這就是未來(lái)！

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10

Green

Transportation

Trends

of

2008incredible

adj.

[?n?kred?b(?)l]難以置信的2008

has

been

an

incredible

year

for

green

transportation.e.g.It

seemed

incredible

that

people

would

want

to

play

soccer

during

a

war.在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，人們?nèi)匀幌胩咦闱颍@似乎不可思議。e.g.I

felt

incredibly

ashamed

of

myself

for

getting

so

angry.我為自己發(fā)了這么大的脾氣而感到極為慚愧。incrediblyadv.難以置信地、非常地

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10

Green

Transportation

Trends

of

2008attempt

v.

/n.

[??tempt]

嘗試、努力We

were

not

surprised

to

see

competitors

flock

to

the

market

in

an

attempt

to

develop

the

ultimate

“Prius-killer”.e.g.The

prisoners

attempted

to

escape,

but

failed.囚犯企圖逃跑，但失敗了。e.g.He

made

a

successful