2023年上海市中考英語(yǔ)二輪綜合復(fù)習(xí)-13 閱讀理解A篇之議論文（學(xué)生版）

重難點(diǎn)13閱讀理解A篇之議論文(學(xué)生版)

(建議用時(shí)：30分鐘)

命題趨勢(shì)

中考閱讀理解題主要考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生能較快地通

過(guò)閱讀理解短文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能做出正確判斷，然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A,B,

C,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案或做出正誤判斷。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求

閱讀速度為每分鐘40-50個(gè)詞。主要涉及到記敘文，說(shuō)明文，應(yīng)用文等。

滿分技巧

四種題型：

1?細(xì)節(jié)理解題

☆考察方面：學(xué)生對(duì)相關(guān)信息的識(shí)別能力，答案一般可在原文定位到

☆答題事項(xiàng)：應(yīng)迅速找到并且定位到考點(diǎn)，不可望文生義和主觀臆斷

☆干擾選項(xiàng)：一般與文中觀點(diǎn)相反，不符，未涉及，特征是無(wú)中生有，張冠李戴，以偏

概全，擴(kuò)大內(nèi)容

解題技巧：

通讀短文，領(lǐng)會(huì)文章大意，理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次及細(xì)節(jié)，特別注意：

1.五個(gè)W(who,which,when,where,what)和一個(gè)H(how)；

2.數(shù)字、日期、時(shí)間等；

3.注意加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的詞，運(yùn)用排除法排除不符合原文細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)，剩下的就是最佳答案。

2.詞句猜測(cè)題

此題要求考生正確理解短文中的一些關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)或句子的含義，常用的方法是多種表達(dá)

法、一詞多義法、同義近義或反義提示法、習(xí)語(yǔ)釋文法及句型轉(zhuǎn)換法等。

解題技巧：

1.正確理解題意，從短文中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，根據(jù)特定的語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷理解，

推敲斟酌和最后確定其準(zhǔn)確含義。

2.根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義的技巧：

(1)注意定義和解釋；

(2)同義詞或近義詞的提示；

(3)近義詞和反義詞的提示；

(4)利用懸念的屬種關(guān)系；

(5)借助已有知識(shí)或生活常識(shí)。

3.推理判斷題(不要自行推理+過(guò)度推理)

☆考察方面：透過(guò)文章的信息進(jìn)入深刻的分析，歸納和推斷得解

☆答題事項(xiàng)：應(yīng)迅速找到并且定位到考點(diǎn)，不可望文生義和主觀臆斷

解題技巧：

1.分析文章的主旨。

2.分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。

3.尋找文章的邏輯思路。

4.核對(duì)問(wèn)題中各項(xiàng)選擇與文章中有關(guān)詞句的聯(lián)系。

4.主旨大意題(BeSttitle)

☆考察方面：學(xué)生對(duì)文章主旨的駕馭能力，答案一般需要合理的歸納和總結(jié)得到

☆答題事項(xiàng)：通過(guò)略讀來(lái)快速把握文章的中心，閱讀時(shí)視域要寬，緊抓對(duì)主題句搜索,

按意群進(jìn)行閱讀，避免閱讀中的出聲，指讀，復(fù)視或停頓。

限時(shí)檢測(cè)

一、閱讀單選

Inmyopinion,thewheelisthemostimportantthingthathumanbeingshaveeverinvented.Itmightseem

strangetosaythatsomethingsosimple-lookingandsoordinary（普通的）couldbesoimportant.Butifyou

considerthefollowingpoints,youwillprobablyagreewithme.

Firstly,wheelsinfluencealmosteverypartofourlives.Wheelsareused,forexample,inclocks,engines（發(fā)

動(dòng)機(jī)）andtrucks.Ifyouvisitjustonefactory,youwillseehowimportantwheelsare.Youwillseewheelson

almosteverymachine.

Secondly,wheelsplayagreatpartinfoodproduction.Wheelsareusedtogrind（磨碎）differentkindsofcorn

intoflour（面粉）.Theyarethenusedtomixflourandotherfoodsintobread.Wealsoneedwheelstotransportthe

wheat.IfWedidnothavethewheel,Wewouldhavemuchdifficultyinfoodproduction.

Thirdly,ourworldwouldbecompletelydifferentifwedidnothavethewheelfortransport.Beforethewheel

wasinvented,peopleusedtohavetotravelonfootorbyridingonananimal.Thatiswhatwewouldbedoing

nowifwedidnothavethewheel.Eveiythingwouldtakelongertodo.

WewouldbebacktotheStoneAgeifsomeofourcleverancestors（祖先）hadnotinventedthewheel.Our

modemworldwouldsimplybeimpossible.Thewheelissurelythemostimportantinventionofalltime.

1.Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage?

A.Bytellingastory.B.Bymakingareport.C.Bygivinganopinion.D.Byofferingasuggestion.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantinafactory?

A.Theclock.B.Thetruck.C.Theengine.D.Thewheel.

3.HowmanyusesofwheelsarementionedinParagraph3?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatwaslifelikebeforewheelswereinvented?

A.Safe.B.Busy.C.Slow.D.Dangerous.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestshowthestructureofthepassage?

（Pl=Paragraph1P2=Paragraph2P3=Paragraph3P4=Paragraph4P5=Paragraph5）

[w）→

[M）√

D.

SchoolsinsouthernChinaareusing“smartunifbrms^^withchips（芯片）toknowexactlywherestudentsare.

Doyousupportit?

KongYuming,16:

Iamforthe“smartuniforms”,becausetheycanhelptocreateasafecampus（校園）.Asweknow,what

parentscareaboutmostisthesafetyoftheirchildren.Wearingtheuniformswithchips,studentscanbelocated

（定位）byparentsatanytime.Itcanavoidstudentsfromgoingtoplaceswheretheyshouldn,tbe.

CongZhaohan915:

Whynothaveschooluniformswithchips?Theuniformcanfindstudentsandcheckwhattheyaredoing.It

canencouragestudentstocreatemorehigh-techproducts.WiththehelpoftheGPS,theycanhelptoprevent

crimesagainststudents.

ZhangXianghao918:

Idon,tagreewiththeidea.First,althoughsuchauniformcanhelpparentsknowwheretheirchildrenare,not

everyonelikesbeingwatched,especiallyteenagers.Theyaresensitive（敏感的）abouttheirprivatethings.Itcan

makethemfeeluneasy.Besides,itseemsthatsuchahigh-techproductwillcostalot,morethanpoorfamiliescan

afford.

ZhuYuanlong,17:

Iamagainstthisidea.Itislikelytoleak（泄露）personalinformation.Withthecomingofbigdata（數(shù)據(jù)），

informationhasbroughtconveniencetoourlives.Meanwhile,theproblemofpersonalinformationleakagehas

becomeserious.Themoreusersthereare,themoredangerousitwillbe.

6.Whatdoesthewriterwanttodowiththispassage?

A.Hewantstostartadiscussiononsmartuniforms.

B.Heintroducesanewproductcalledsmartuniforms.

C.Heisworriedaboutcampussafety.

D.Heistryingtointroducesomethingnew.

7.WhyisKongYumingforthesmartuniforms?

A.Theycansolvetheproblemsofschoolsafety.B.Theyaregoodforbothparentsandschools.

C.Hisparentswanttoknowwhereheisatanytime.D.Somestudentsbreakschoolrules.

8.What,sCongZhaohan,sopinion?

A.Hedoesn,tagreetowearsmartuniforms.

B.Hesupportstheideaofwearingsmartuniforms.

C.Hewantstodosomethingtopreventcrimesagainststudents.

D.Theuniformcanhelpstudentsbecomecleverer.

9.WhatisZhangXianghao,sworry?

A.Noteenagersliketobewatched.

B.Heismoresensitiveabouthisprivacy.

C.Poorfamiliesmaynotbeabletoaffordtheuniforms.

D.Parentshavetospendmoretimewatchingtheirchildren.

?θ.WhatdoesZhuYuanlongtellus?

A.Howpersonalinformationleaks.B.Whatconveniencebigdatacanbringus.

C.Howserioustheinformationleakageis.D.Whyheisagainstthesmartuniforms.

Choosethebestanswer（根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?/p>

ShouldWe-chatshutdownthefeatures"likes”？

Forthepastfewyears,We-chathasgotusinterestedinthefeature“l(fā)ikes”.It'sthewaywehavedecidedhow

manypeoplethinkOurjourneysarefunandrecognizeournewitemsarecool.Whathappenswhenitisgone?

Researchersaredoingasurveytofigureoutwhetherthefeature“l(fā)ikes“shouldbeshutdown.

Itisreallyconvenientforustokeepintouchwitheachotherandshareourhappinessonacommonplatform

（平臺(tái)）.Ourfaithfulfriendshipseemstobecomestronger,afterWeinteract（互動(dòng)）ontheplatformwith

likes.―Jennifer

“Likes“shouldbethere,becauseitispowerfulandgetsimmediatefeedback.Youimmediatelyfeelgood

aboutwhatyouwearandhowyoulook.

—Anne

??,,

Ifthereisnolikes9teenagerswillmissit.InaWay,“l(fā)ikes“givesyouthesamekindoffeelingasachild

getsanice-cream.Myyoungersistersarealwayscomplainingaboutittome44Whynotgive?likes,tomy

PhotOs?”

—Mik

Peoplearemoreconcernedabouthowmanylikestheyget.44Isnowagoodtimetopost?ShouldIremovemy

picturethatonlygot20"likes”？Postingaphotocanbeagreatstressforpeoplewhocareabout“l(fā)ikes”.一Tom

IthinkWe-chatshouldhidethelikes,becausefollowersmayfeelmorepressuretopickupthe"likes”.We

shouldnotfocusonhowmany??likes^^thephotosgetbutonthephotosthemselves.

-Brook

Inmyopinion,We-chatshouldconsidermakingthesocialnetworklessstressfultouse.Usersare

sometimesforcedtojointhearmyof4iikes,?Asforme,hiding“l(fā)ikes“willimproveourexperiences.

-Jack

IfWe-chatmovestohide“l(fā)ikes”,itcanencourageuserstopostmoremessagesandphotoswithoutbeing

worriedabouthowmany?iikes,,theywillget."Likes“isapartofit,butIdon'tthinkhiding“l(fā)ikes“isthekey

toCUringtheCUItUrearoundWe-chat.

―Cathy

11.Wecanpossiblyfindthispassagefroma/an.A.sciencefictionB.bookreview

C.newspaperD.advertisement

12.Jenniferthinkshergoodfriendswillaftertheyinteractontheplatformwith"likes”.

A.becomeevenworseB.becomeevencloser

C.becomeevencoolerD.becomeevenmoregentle

13.Theunderlineword“feedback"inthethirdparagraphmeans.

A.repliesB.materialsC.feelingD.knowledge

14.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtoNhke?

A.Teenagerswon,tmissthe“l(fā)ikes”,ifitisshutdown.

B.Heisforcedtojointhearmyof“l(fā)ikes“sohefeelsstressful.

C.Heworriesabouthowmany“l(fā)ikes”hegets,afterpostingaphoto.

D.”Likes“bringshimgreatsatisfactionasachildgetsanice-cream.

15.Brookagreestohidethelikesbecause.

A.sheiscompletelycontrolledbythe“l(fā)ikes”.

B.shethinkshiding“l(fā)ikes”willimproveherexperiences.

C.shethinkstheusersshouldfocusonthephotosthemselves.

D.shethinkshiding"likes“canencourageuserstopostmorephotos.

16.Whatdoesthesentence:"butIdon'tthinkhiding“l(fā)ikes"isthekeytoCUringtheCUItUrearoundWe?chat''in

thelastparagraphimply（隱含）?

A.ShepointsoutthebiggerproblemsofWe-chatbesidesthefeature“l(fā)ikes”.

B.ShetalksaboutmanyproblemsofWe-chatandhopestohide“l(fā)ikes“rightnow.

C.Shepushesthediscussionmuchfurtherandhopestosolvemoreseriousproblems.

D.ShepointsoutthewaytoencourageuserstopostphotosandmessagesonWe-chat.

Inone,slife,onespendsthemosttimebeingwithoneself.However,onehastheleastunderstandingof

oneself.Whenyouaresuccessful,youmaybeveryproud.Butwhenyoufail,youmayloseheart.Ifyoudon,tget

abetterunderstandingofyourself,youmaymissmanychancesinlifeandeasilygetintotrouble.

Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfistoknowaboutyourselfwell.Youshouldrealizeyourstrong

pointsandweakones.Youmayhopeforawonderfulfuture,butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecausenotall

dreamscancometrue.Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushouldknowwhattodo.

GettingabetterunderstandingofyourselfneedsSeIf-appreciation.Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjust

smallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyourownwayofbeingthere.Assoonasyougetfullconfidenceinyourself,

youaresuretofaceanytrouble.

Togetabetterunderstandingofyourselfalsomeanstakingcareofyourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquiet

placesothatyoucancontrolyourowntemperandnothurtyourself.Whenyouaresad,tellyourfriendsaboutit

tochangethemood（情緒）intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleeptillyougetrelaxed.Ifyou

don,tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon,tbeabletostayawayfromillnesses.

Noonecantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getabetterunderstandingofyourself,andyou,llgetafull

controlOfyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolors.

17.Togetabetterunderstandingofyourself,youshould.

A.hopeforawonderfulfutureB.knowwhatyoucandoandwhatyoucan,tdo

C.spendmoretimebeingwithothersD.catcheverychanceinyourlife

18.Whatmighttheunderlinedword“self-appreciation”meaninChinese?

A.自我批評(píng)B.自我欣賞C.自我發(fā)現(xiàn)D.自我鼓勵(lì)

19.WhydoWehavetohaveabetterunderstandingofourselves?

A.Becausefewpeoplecanreallyunderstandus.

B.Becausenooneknowswhathe/sheisreallylike.

C.BecauseabetterunderstandingcanhelpUSinsomeways.

D.BecauseWewanttobeproudofourselves.

20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thewriterhasdescribedthreewaystounderstandourselvesbetter.

B.Youcanfaceanydifficultyifyouhaveconfidenceinyourself.

C.Whenyou,resadorgetupset,trytochangeyourmoodtomakeitbetter.

D.Whenyouhaveabetterunderstandingofyourself,allyourdreamscancometrue.

21.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?

A.Getabetterunderstandingofyourselftoliveabetterlife.

B.Ifyoucanlookafteryourself,you,llstayawayfromillnesses.

C.Inlife,moreandmorepeoplewanttounderstandthemselves.

D.Manypeopleneverhaveabetterunderstandingofthemselves.

Areyoucaπyingtoomuchonyourbacktoschool?You,renotalone.Backexperts（專家）intheUnited

Statesareworriedthatyoungstudentsarehavingbackandneckproblemsasaresultofcarryingtoomuchintheir

schoolbags.

“IthurtsmybackwhenIrun,^^saidOberlinReyes,astudentinVirginia.??It,shardtogoupthestairswithmy

schoolbag,becauseit,stooheavy.”

Oberlinisamongstudentswhoseschoolbagswereweighedforaweekinarecentstudy.

Theyhadregularschoolbagswithtwostraps(帶子)tocarrythem,butanumberofstudentswithheavyloads

h