風機系統(tǒng)節(jié)能技術培訓教材

風機系統(tǒng)節(jié)能技術培訓教材DefineProcessNeeds

風機系統(tǒng)應用Transport運輸Feed進料Shape成型Ventilate通風Grind打磨Heat加熱Cool冷卻Clean清潔Dry干燥Mix混合Efficiency

能效FanSystemEfficiency

風機系統(tǒng)效率PlantPower100%95%Left90%Left58%Left29%LeftMotorLoss5%DriveLoss5%FanLoss35%SystemDamperLoss50%MotorBeltDriveFanProcess工廠總功率剩余95%剩余90100%剩余58%剩余29%電機損失5%驅動損失5%風機損失35%系統(tǒng)擋板損失50%電機皮帶傳動風機工藝TypicalPlantSystem

典型的工廠系統(tǒng)InputEnergyWastedEnergyProcessNeeds輸入能源工藝需求浪費的能源AchievingaMatch

實現匹配InputEnergyProcessNeeds工藝需要輸入能源EnergyLaw

能量守恒定律EnergyCannotBe

CreatedorDestroyed能量既不能創(chuàng)造也不能消滅DestructiveEnergy

無用能量Heat&Vapor熱和蒸汽Vibration&Noise震動和噪音DollarCostsofDestructiveEnergy

無用能量的經濟代價Equipmentbreakdowns 設備故障Idleworkers工人沒活干Morerejects廢品增加Reducedproductivity生產力下降Highermaintenanceandrepaircosts維修工作量及維修費增大Priorityshippingcharges急件運輸費增加Spoiledproductcleanupanddisposal報廢產品清理和處理費用Higherenergycost能源成本提高HumanCostsofDestructiveEnergy

無用能源的人力代價Fatiguedorunhappyworkers造成工人疲乏或不舒適Workerswithhearingdamage損害工人聽力Disruptedfamilylifeofmechanicsw/beepers打亂了配有警報器的機修工的家庭生活Disruptedschedule造成倒班混亂Latedelivery,angrycustomers遲交貨，客戶不滿意Spoiledproductmesstocleanupanddisposeof報廢產品清理和處理FanSystemCosts

風機系統(tǒng)成本Labor勞動力Repair維修Capital投資Energy能源Breakdownlosses故障損失Low低Low低Medium中High高VeryHigh非常高QuickPaybackFanOpportunities

風機系統(tǒng)節(jié)能投資回收期短的機會Lookfor尋找Fixedpositiondamper固定擋板Throttlecontrol節(jié)流控制Paddle-wheelfans葉輪風機Poorductconnections風管連接不當FanTypesandApplications風機類型及應用PropellerFans

葉輪風機CommonlyusedinLowpressure,Lowvolumeapplications通常用于低壓,小風量應用場合CoolingtowerWallexhaustRoofexhaustHomewindow冷卻塔墻壁排風屋頂排風房間窗戶排風NotveryefficientNoisyNotabletogeneratemuchpressure效率不是非常高存在噪音不能產生太高的壓力DiagramCourtesyAMCA該圖表為AMCA版權所有VaneAxialFans

葉片軸流風機Usedwherelargequantitiesofairareneededatmodestpressures用于中壓，大空氣流量的場合TunnelventilationLargebuildingventilationProcessAir隧道通風大型建筑通風工藝需要的空氣CanbeveryEfficientCanbeVariablepitch效率可以非常高可變節(jié)距調整DiagramCourtesyAMCA該圖表為AMCA版權所有VaneAxialfans

InstallWithDiffuserifPossible

葉片軸流風機

盡可能安裝擴壓器CentrifugalFans

離心風機CandevelopRelativelyhighpressures-5000PaandhigherSingleordoubleinletVarietyofbearingandmotorconfigurationVarietyofpressureclasses能夠產生相對高的壓力-5000Pa及更高單進氣口或雙進氣口可以配置各種軸承和電動機具有各種壓力等級DiagramCourtesyAMCA該圖表為AMCA版權所有CentrifugalFanEfficiencies

離心風機效率Radialblade 50-60%徑向葉片Radialtip 50-65%徑向葉尖Forwardcurved 45-65%前曲葉片Backwardinclined 55-70%后傾葉片Backwardcurved 55-70后曲葉片Airfoil 60-75%翼型葉片DoubleWidthCentrifugalFan

雙寬度離心風機CanhandlelargervolumesofairImpellerforcesbalanced(nothrust)Makesductedinletstrickier可以處理更大流量的空氣葉輪的各個作用力得到平衡(無推力)使管道連接的進口更先進DiagramCourtesyAMCA該圖表為AMCA版權所有RadialBladedImpeller

徑向葉片狀葉輪SimpletobuildLeastexpensiveCanhandlematerialintheairstreamveryhighpressurecapabilityLowestefficiency50-60%結構簡單成本最低廉可以處理空氣流中的物質能夠產生非常高的壓力效率最低，只有50-60%ForwardCurvedImpeller

前曲葉輪Usually24to64shallowcup-shapedbladesSensitivetodirtVeryinexpensiveCommonlyfoundinresidentialairsystems通常情況下為24到64個淺杯形葉片。對污垢非常敏感不十分昂貴通常用于民用通風系統(tǒng)BackwardCurvedImpeller

后曲葉輪EfficiencynearlyashighasAirfoilfans9-16SinglethicknessbladesCantoleratesomedirtVerysimilartobackwardinclined效率高，接近翼形風機9-16個單厚度葉片可以耐受一定程度的污垢具有后傾葉輪的特點BackwardInclinedImpeller

后傾葉輪Similarinperformancetothebackwardcurvedimpeller性能與后曲葉輪相似AirfoilImpeller

翼形葉輪Mostefficientofallcentrifugalfandesigns9-16bladesSelf-limitingonpowerathighflowdoublethicknessbladesexpensivetoconstructNeedscleanair所有離心風機機型中效率最高的9-16個葉片在高流量是自限制功率雙厚度的葉片，建造成本較高。需要清潔的空氣RadialBladedBlowers

徑向葉片鼓風機Blowerstypicallygenerateover

5000PapressureOftensingleinletBasicallysameasaradialbladedfanexcepthigherspeed通常情況下能夠產生5000Pa以上的壓力通常采用單進氣口與徑向葉片風機基本相同，但速度更高。Multi-StageCentrifugal

多級離心風機UsedintankaerationandotherapplicationsthatrequirehighpressureCaneasilydevelop50,000Pa(andhigher)pressureHighlysophisticatedhighspeedmachinesAvoidSurge用于槽罐的通風（加氣）以及其它需要高壓力的使用場合。能夠輕易產生50,000Pa(以及更高的)壓力。技術先進，運行速度更高的機械。防止出現喘振AerationTank加氣池

(3.5mdeep)（3.5米深）PositiveDisplacementBlower

正排量鼓風機CangenerateveryhighpressureneedsreliefvalveNotacentrifugalload能夠產生非常高的壓力需要安裝減壓閥不是離心負荷FanFlow,Pressure

PowerandEfficiency

風機的流量、壓力、功率和效率

FanPowerLaw

風機功率定律FanCurve

風機性能曲線Pressure壓力Flow流量PQFanCurve風機性能曲線FanCurve風機性能曲線Pressure壓力Flow流量PQFanPowerCurve

風機功率曲線Power功率Flow流量FanPerformance風機性能曲線DiagramCourtesyAMCAPtPs

t

sHAffinityLawSpeedChange

速度改變的相似定律FanCurveatHighSpeed高速時風機曲線Pressure壓力Flow流量FanCurveatLowerSpeed低速時風機曲線SimplifiedAffinityLaws

簡化的相似定律SimplifiedAffinityLawsforFanSpeedChangeExample風機速度變化時簡化相似定律（示例）SpeedChangeExample

速度變化示例Originaloperationat1200rpm:Flow23.595m3/sPressure3000PaPower128,700W在1200rpm下的初始運行狀況：流量：23.595m3/s壓力：3000Pa功率：128,700WChange(slow)samefanto840rpm:將同一風機的轉速降低（減慢）至840rpm：FanEfficiency

風機效率Pressure壓力Flow流量FanCurve風機曲線Iso-efficiencylines等效率線75%70%65%60%OperatingPoints工作點FanCurve(slower)風機曲線（慢速）Pressure壓力Flow流量FanCurve風機曲線SystemCurve系統(tǒng)曲線1′1RecommendedSelectionRange推薦選擇工作范圍Notrecommended不推薦Recommendedselectionrange推薦選擇工作范圍Pressure壓力Flow流量Notrecommended不推薦EffectsofAirDensity

空氣密度的影響Pressure壓力Flow流量Fancurve風機曲線0.61kg/m3SystemCurve系統(tǒng)曲線0.61kg/m3Fancurve風機曲線1.22kg/m3SystemCurve系統(tǒng)曲線1.22kg/m3EffectsofDensityChange

密度變化的影響SimplifiedFanLawsforDensityChanges密度改變的簡化風機定律SystemInteractionandControl系統(tǒng)交互作用及控制BernouliTheorem

伯努利定理VenturiFlowMeter

文丘里流量計Upstreamplane1上游截面1Lowvelocity低速Highpressure高壓Chokeplane2噴管截面2Highervelocity較高速Lowerpressure較低壓Downstreamplane3下游截面3Lowvelocity低速Highpressure高壓DuctSystemLosses

管道系統(tǒng)損失Sizeductworksothevelocityisnohigherthanneededbytheprocess正確選擇風管的尺寸大小，使風速不高于工藝過程所需的風速Usegradualsweptturnswhenpossible在可能的情況下，使用逐漸過渡的彎頭Avoidrapidsizeexpansionlargerthan7°onaside(15°totalbothsides)避免在一側大于7度的管徑迅速的擴大（兩面一共15度）US30°wyesonconverginganddivergingairstreamsonhighvelocitysystems高速風管系統(tǒng)中匯集及分散空氣流時使用成30度角的Y型管道結構Avoid“BullHeadTees”避免使用“大頭三通”FrictionSystemCurve

有摩擦的系統(tǒng)曲線FanCurve風機曲線Pressure壓力Flow流量SystemCurvewithcontroldamperpartlyclosed調節(jié)風門部分關閉的系統(tǒng)曲線FrictionSystemCurve

有摩擦的系統(tǒng)曲線FanCurve風機曲線Pressure壓力Flow流量SystemCurve系統(tǒng)曲線

Damperpartlyclosed擋板部分關閉SystemCurve系統(tǒng)曲線Damperopen擋板打開ConstantPressureSystemCurve

恒壓系統(tǒng)曲線FanCurve風機曲線Pressure壓力Flow流量SystemCurve系統(tǒng)曲線ControllingFanSystems

控制風機系統(tǒng)Fansarebasicallyconstantvolumemachines.風機基本上是定容機器Forvariableflowneedtouse:對可變流量，需要使用：AdjustableSpeeddrive調速驅動VariablePitch(AxialFans)可變節(jié)距（軸流式風機）VariableInletVane(VIV)可調進氣葉片（VIV)InletLouverDamper(ILD)進口百葉窗式擋板（ILD）OutletLouverDamper(OLD)出口百葉窗式擋板（OLD）FanAccessories

風機附件Avoid避免使用OutletDampers出口擋板InletDampers進口擋板Applycarefully謹慎應用VIV可調進氣葉片AdjustableSpeedDrive

調速驅動FanCurve(slower)風機曲線（較低速）Pressure壓力Flow流量FanCurve風機曲線SystemCurve系統(tǒng)曲線1′1VariableInletVanes(VIV)

可調進氣葉片Pressure壓力Flow流量FanCurveVIV50%open風機曲線VIV開50%SystemCurve系統(tǒng)曲線1′1FanCurveVIV100%open風機曲線VIV全開FanCurveVIV25%open風機曲線VIV開25%VariableInletVanes

可調進氣葉片%peakpower%峰值功率1’開75%open1開50%open開25%open開100%open%WideOpenVolumeVIV%開度時的風量OutletLouverDamper出口百葉窗擋板

InletLouverDamperSimilar進口百葉窗擋板DamperLoss風門損失Flow流量ApparentFanCurve50%open

風機曲線50%開度SystemCurve系統(tǒng)曲線2′

1FanCurve100%open風機曲線100%開放ApparentFanCurve25%open風機曲線25%開度2Pressure壓力FanPowerCurve

風機功率曲線Power功率Flow流量VariablePitchVaneAxial

可變節(jié)距葉軸Veryefficientwaytotrimflow是調節(jié)流量非常有效的途徑Mostsophisticatedunitscanvarypitchinflighttomaintainefficiencyoverabroadflowrange大部分先進的風機裝置在工作中能夠改變其節(jié)距，使其在較大流量范圍內均能保持其工作效率。AvoidingLosses

fromSystemEffect防止系統(tǒng)效應損耗WhatisSystemEffect?

什么是系統(tǒng)效應?“Deficientperformanceresultingfromundesirableflowconditions”“空氣流動不合理導致系統(tǒng)性能低效”AMCAFanmanufacturerscallitthattomakesureyouknowthatitisnotthefan’sfault!風機制造商提出系統(tǒng)效應的目的，是為了使您了解系統(tǒng)低效并不是風機本身造成的，而是系統(tǒng)效應造成的!AMCA（譯注：AMCA—美國通風與空調協(xié)會）TypesofSystemsEffects

系統(tǒng)效應的類型FanInletFanOutletIntheductworkAtSilencersAtFiltersandCoilsAtSystemAirInlets風機進口風機出口管道系統(tǒng)消聲器處過濾器及盤管處系統(tǒng)空氣的進口處Better較好Best最好Poor最差SystemAirInlets系統(tǒng)空氣進口DamagingResultsofSystemEffect

系統(tǒng)效應的損害性后果HigherenergyuseNotenoughflow/pressureEnergypulsationsinfluidflowPossiblepoorperformanceofheatexchangers,ductsilencersandfiltersWorstpartisthatitwasteseveryone’stime系統(tǒng)能耗提高系統(tǒng)沒有足夠的流量/壓力在介質流通中出現能量波動換熱器，管道消聲器和過濾器的性能可能非常差系統(tǒng)效應的最壞后果是浪費每個人的時間OutletAreaVelocityProfiles風機出口區(qū)域流速分布圖65BlastAreaCutoff送風區(qū)截面25%50%75%100%EffectiveDuctLength有效風管長度

OutletArea出口面積DischargeDuct出口管道CentrifugalFan離心風機AxialFan軸六風機DiagramCourtesyAMCA該圖形為AMCA版權所有Watchoutforfanswiththeoutletareamuchlargerthantheblastarea觀察風機的出口面積遠遠大于送風面積Putnothingattheoutletexceptadiffuserorarunofstraightduct除了按裝擴壓器和直管段外，不允許在風機出風口處放置任何東西OutletElbows-CentrifugalFans

出口彎管—離心風機TrumpetingElephantsNotAllowedinthePlant!系統(tǒng)裝置中不允