機(jī)械原理說明書模板

活塞式油泵凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)1.1設(shè)計(jì)題目活塞式油泵凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)1.2原始數(shù)據(jù)表1活塞式油泵凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)原始設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)參數(shù)名稱數(shù)據(jù)參數(shù)名稱數(shù)據(jù)推程起始角30從動(dòng)件偏距15遠(yuǎn)休止始角150凸輪轉(zhuǎn)速200回程起始角210推程許用壓力角30近休止始角330回程許用壓力角75滾子半徑15從動(dòng)件推程100基圓半徑90推、回程運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律方案等速1.3.設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容與要求（1）.用解析法設(shè)計(jì)凸輪輪廓曲線；（2）.用解析法求從動(dòng)件運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)：位移、速度、加速度，繪出從動(dòng)件運(yùn)動(dòng)線圖；（3）.凸輪輪廓曲線（理論、實(shí)際）的x、y值，并驗(yàn)算凸輪廓線上各點(diǎn)的壓力角；（4）.用圖解法設(shè)計(jì)凸輪輪廓曲線，繪出從動(dòng)件運(yùn)動(dòng)線圖（2號(hào)圖紙），并與解析法數(shù)據(jù)作比較；（5）.凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算源程序（matlab工程計(jì)算軟件）及打印結(jié)果一套；（6）.整理設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說明書一份；（7）.總結(jié)和答辯。1.4機(jī)構(gòu)介紹活塞式油泵常作為各種潤滑系統(tǒng)的供油裝置，其凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)的簡圖如圖1所示，是一種直動(dòng)滾子從動(dòng)件盤形凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)。電動(dòng)機(jī)經(jīng)齒輪z1、z2帶動(dòng)凸輪1，從而推動(dòng)活塞桿2做上下往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，桿2下行將油從管道中壓出為工作行程；桿2上行時(shí)從油箱中將油吸入為空回行程。從動(dòng)件運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律常用的有等加速、等減速、余弦加速度和正弦加速度。圖1活塞式油泵凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)簡圖2.用解析法設(shè)計(jì)凸輪輪廓曲線2.1理論廓線方程式：x=(y=式中，e為偏距，s2.2工作廓線方程式:xy“+”號(hào)用于外等距曲線，“-”號(hào)用于內(nèi)等距曲線。式中sin?cos2.3基于Matlab的活塞式油泵凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)代碼:>>disp'********偏置移動(dòng)從動(dòng)件盤形凸輪設(shè)計(jì)********'disp'已知條件:'disp'凸輪作逆時(shí)針方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),從動(dòng)件偏置在凸輪軸心的右邊'disp'從動(dòng)件在推程作等加速/等減速運(yùn)動(dòng),在回程作余弦加速度運(yùn)動(dòng)'rb=90;rt=15;e=15;h=100;ft=120;fs=60;fh=120;alp=30;fprintf(1,'基圓半徑rb=%3.4fmm\n',rb)fprintf(1,'滾子半徑rt=%3.4fmm\n',rt)fprintf(1,'推桿偏距e=%3.4fmm\n',e)fprintf(1,'推程h=%3.4fmm\n',h)fprintf(1,'推程運(yùn)動(dòng)角ft=%3.4f度\n',ft)fprintf(1,'遠(yuǎn)休止角fs=%3.4f度\n',fs)fprintf(1,'推程許用壓力角alp=%3.4f度\n',alp)hd=pi/180;du=180/pi;se=sqrt(rb^2-e^2);d1=ft+fs+30;d2=ft+fs+fh+30;disp''disp'計(jì)算過程和輸出結(jié)果:'disp'1計(jì)算凸輪理論輪廓的壓力角和曲率半徑'disp'1-1推程(等速運(yùn)動(dòng))'s=zeros(ft);ds=zeros(ft);d2s=zeros(ft);at=zeros(ft);atd=zeros(ft);forf=1+30:ft+30s(f)=h*(f-30)/ft;s=s(f);ds(f)=h/(ft*hd);ds=ds(f);d2s(f)=0;d2s=d2s(f);at(f)=atan(abs(ds-e)/(se+s));atd(f)=at(f)*du;enddisp'1-2回程(等速運(yùn)動(dòng))'s=zeros(fh);ds=zeros(fh);d2s=zeros(fh);ah=zeros(fh);ahd=zeros(fh);ph=zeros(fh);forf=d1:d2k=f-d1;s(f)=h-h*k/fh;s=s(f);ds(f)=-h/(fh*hd);ds=ds(f);d2s(f)=0;d2s=d2s(f);ah(f)=atan(abs(ds+e)/(se+s));ahd(f)=ah(f)*du;p1=((se+s)^2+(ds-e)^2)^1.5;p2=abs((se+s)*(d2s-se-s)-(ds-e)*(2*ds-e));ph(f)=p1/p2;p=ph(f);enddisp'2計(jì)算凸輪理論廓線與實(shí)際廓線的直角坐標(biāo)'n=360;s=zeros(n);ds=zeros(n);x=zeros(n);y=zeros(n);dx=zeros(n);dy=zeros(n);xx=zeros(n);yy=zeros(n);xp=zeros(n);yp=zeros(n);xxp=zeros(n);yyp=zeros(n);forf=1:niff<=30s=0;ds=0;elseiff<=ft+30&f>30s(f)=h*(f-30)/ft;s=s(f);ds(f)=h/(ft*hd);ds=ds(f);elseiff>ft+30&f<=d1s=h;ds=0;elseiff>d1&f<=d2k=f-d1;s(f)=h-h*k/fh;s=s(f);ds(f)=-h/(fh*hd);ds=ds(f);elseiff>d2&f<=ns=0;ds=0;endxx(f)=(se+s)*sin(f*hd)+e*cos(f*hd);x=xx(f);yy(f)=(se+s)*cos(f*hd)-e*sin(f*hd);y=yy(f);dx(f)=(ds-e)*sin(f*hd)+(se+s)*cos(f*hd);dx=dx(f);dy(f)=(ds-e)*cos(f*hd)-(se+s)*sin(f*hd);dy=dy(f);xp(f)=x+rt*dy/sqrt(dx^2+dy^2);xxp=xp(f);yp(f)=y-rt*dx/sqrt(dx^2+dy^2);yyp=yp(f);r(f)=sqrt(x^2+y^2);rp(f)=sqrt(xxp^2+yyp^2);at(f)=atan(abs(ds-e)/(se+s));atd(f)=at(f)*du;ah(f)=atan(abs(ds-e)/(se+s));ahd(f)=ah(f)*du;enddisp'2-1推程(等速運(yùn)動(dòng))'disp'凸輪轉(zhuǎn)角理論x理論y實(shí)際x實(shí)際y壓力角'forf=30:10:ft+30nu=[fxx(f)yy(f)xp(f)yp(f)atd(f)];disp(nu)enddisp'2-2回程(等速運(yùn)動(dòng))'disp'凸輪轉(zhuǎn)角理論x理論y實(shí)際x實(shí)際y壓力角'forf=d1:10:d2nu=[fxx(f)yy(f)xp(f)yp(f)ahd(f)];disp(nu)enddisp'繪制凸輪的理論輪廓和實(shí)際輪廓:'plot(xx,yy,'r-.')%理論輪廓(紅色,點(diǎn)劃線)axis([-(rb+h-10)(rb+h+10)-(rb+h+10)(rb+rt+10)])%橫軸和縱軸的下限和上限axisequal%橫軸和縱軸的尺度比例相同text(rb+h+3,0,'X')%標(biāo)注橫軸text(0,rb+rt+3,'Y')%標(biāo)注縱軸text(-5,5,'O')%標(biāo)注直角坐標(biāo)系原點(diǎn)title('偏置移動(dòng)從動(dòng)件盤形凸輪設(shè)計(jì)')%標(biāo)注圖形標(biāo)題holdon;%保持圖形plot([-(rb+h)(rb+h)],[00],'k')%橫軸(黑色)plot([00],[-(rb+h)(rb+rt)],'k')%縱軸(黑色)plot([ee],[0(rb+rt)],'k--')%初始偏置位置(黑色,虛線)ct=linspace(0,2*pi);%畫圓的極角變化范圍plot(rb*cos(ct),rb*sin(ct),'g')%基圓(綠色)plot(e*cos(ct),e*sin(ct),'c--')%偏距圓(藍(lán)綠色,虛線)plot(e+rt*cos(ct),se+rt*sin(ct),'m')%滾子圓(紫色)plot(xp,yp,'b')%實(shí)際輪廓(藍(lán)色)text(50,-100,'實(shí)際輪廓線')%標(biāo)注實(shí)際輪廓線text(100,50,'理論輪廓線')%標(biāo)注理想輪廓線text(22,50,'滾子輪廓線')%標(biāo)注滾子輪廓線text(-18,-22,'偏心距圓輪廓線')%標(biāo)注偏心距圓輪廓線text(6,-70,'基圓輪廓線')%標(biāo)注基圓輪廓線2.4matlab輸出的結(jié)果********偏置移動(dòng)從動(dòng)件盤形凸輪設(shè)計(jì)********已知條件:凸輪作逆時(shí)針方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),從動(dòng)件偏置在凸輪軸心的右邊從動(dòng)件在推程作等加速/等減速運(yùn)動(dòng),在回程作余弦加速度運(yùn)動(dòng)基圓半徑rb=90.0000mm滾子半徑rt=15.0000mm推桿偏距e=15.0000mm推程升程h=100.0000mm推程運(yùn)動(dòng)角ft=120.0000度遠(yuǎn)休止角fs=60.0000度推程許用壓力角alp=30.0000度計(jì)算過程和輸出結(jié)果:1計(jì)算凸輪理論輪廓的壓力角和曲率半徑1-1推程(等速運(yùn)動(dòng))1-2回程(等速運(yùn)動(dòng))2計(jì)算凸輪理論廓線與實(shí)際廓線的直角坐標(biāo)2-1推程(等速運(yùn)動(dòng))凸輪轉(zhuǎn)角理論x理論y實(shí)際x實(shí)際y壓力角30.000057.361069.352147.800857.79349.594140.000073.889064.721668.425850.751818.641050.000090.388956.264282.276143.647517.258260.0000106.002843.880295.594433.079016.061370.0000119.842827.6566107.558019.049515.016180.0000131.03147.8730117.33851.749014.096090.0000138.7412-15.0000124.1423-18.445713.2802100.0000142.2354-40.3113127.2503-40.979312.5523110.0000140.9053-67.2480126.0550-65.134211.8989120.0000134.3040-94.8610120.0951-90.054111.3093130.0000122.1749-122.0980109.0843-114.774410.7748140.0000104.4733-147.842392.9343-138.258310.2880150.000081.3802-170.954771.7700-159.43769.84282-2回程(等速運(yùn)動(dòng))凸輪轉(zhuǎn)角理論x理論y實(shí)際x實(shí)際y壓力角210.0000-107.3610-155.9547-98.8554-143.59934.5440220.0000-127.4546-128.5586-114.5732-120.873019.1779230.0000-141.4586-99.1167-127.3601-93.994820.0342240.0000-149.3040-68.8802-134.4901-66.525220.9671250.0000-151.1659-39.0572-136.1749-39.577221.9866260.0000-147.4449-10.7671-132.8355-14.168023.1046270.0000-138.741215.0000-125.07398.818924.3351280.0000-125.822037.4172-113.639928.665225.6948290.0000-109.582255.8473-99.391244.840827.2032300.0000-91.002869.8610-83.251157.019228.8838310.0000-71.105379.2455-66.163465.083030.7642320.0000-50.907684.0052-49.047869.121032.8776330.0000-31.380284.3521-32.756269.415435.2631繪制凸輪的理論輪廓和實(shí)際輪廓:>>圖1凸輪輪廓圖2.5位移圖h=100;du=180/piw=20.9;th1=du*pi/6;th2=du*5*pi/6;th3=du*7*pi/6;th4=du*11*pi/6;th5=du*2*pi;j1=linspace(0,th1,120);s1=0+0.*j1;j2=linspace(th1,th2,120);s2=h*(j2-th1)/(th2-th1);j3=linspace(th2,th3,120);s3=100+0.*j3;j4=linspace(th3,th4,120);s4=h-h*(j4-th3)/(th4-th3);j5=linspace(th4,th5,120);s5=0.*j5;plot(j1,s1,j2,s2,j3,s3,j4,s4,j5,s5)gridontitle('位移線圖')圖2位移圖2.6速度圖h=100;w=20.9;du=180/pi;th1=du*pi/6;th2=du*5*pi/6;th3=du*7*pi/6;th4=du*11*pi/6;th5=du*2*pi;j1=linspace(0,th1,120);v1=0+0.*j1;j2=linspace(th1,th2,120);v2=h*w/(th2-th1);j3=linspace(th2,th3,120);v3=0+0.*j3;j4=linspace(th3,th4,120);v4=-h*w/(th4-th3);j5=linspace(th4,th5,120);v5=0.*j5;plot(j1,v1,j2,v2,j3,v3,j4,v4,j5,v5)gridontitle('速度線圖')圖3速度圖2.7加速度圖h=100;du=180/pi;w=20.9;th1=du*2*pi;j1=linspace(0,th1,360);a=0plot(j1,a)gridontitle('加速度線圖')圖4加速度圖2.8壓力角的驗(yàn)算推程時(shí)最大壓力角為25.8992°小于推程許用壓力角30°，推程設(shè)計(jì)合理?；爻虝r(shí)最大壓力角為27.9467°小于回程許用壓力角75°，回程設(shè)計(jì)合理。3.用圖解法設(shè)計(jì)凸輪輪廓線3.1運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律分析（1）凸輪運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律為：推程：等速，回程：等速。（2）運(yùn)動(dòng)方程：等速推程：（δ在30°--150°之間）s=hδ/v=hw/a=等速回程：（δ在210°--330°之間）s=h(1?δ/V=-ha=03.2設(shè)計(jì)過程3.2.1已知條件表2推程起始角:30遠(yuǎn)休止始角:150回程起始角:210近休止始角:330滾子半徑:15基圓半徑:90從動(dòng)件篇距:15推程運(yùn)動(dòng)角：δ回程運(yùn)動(dòng)角：δ遠(yuǎn)休止角：δ近休止角：δ角速度：ω=πn/30=3.2.3基本機(jī)構(gòu)和轉(zhuǎn)向偏心式凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)，順時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。3.2.4凸輪廓線的設(shè)計(jì)方法：采用反轉(zhuǎn)法原理。設(shè)想給整個(gè)凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)加上一個(gè)公共角速度-ω，使其繞軸心O轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。則凸輪不動(dòng)，而推桿則一方面隨其導(dǎo)軌以角速度-ω繞軸心O轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，一方面又在其導(dǎo)軌內(nèi)作預(yù)期的往復(fù)移動(dòng)。這樣，推桿在這種復(fù)合運(yùn)動(dòng)中，其