英語構(gòu)詞法在高考中的應用

./英語構(gòu)詞法在高考中的應用本課要點：1.各類詞性的正確使用與轉(zhuǎn)化2.運用構(gòu)詞法知識猜測語境中詞的語義3.通過理解和掌握構(gòu)詞法擴大詞匯量考情分析：1.Wedranktogetherandtalked_____<merry>tillfarintothenight.<07高考>2.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir<nature>course.<08高考>3.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather__<choose>oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.<09高考>4.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled_______<warm>,andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.<10高考>考點精講：Friendshipschangeasourneedsandlifestyleschange.Don’ttroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.Theywatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.英語構(gòu)詞法主要有三種方法：一．.合成<Compounding>:由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞eg.house<房子>+wife<妻子>housewife<家庭主婦>二.轉(zhuǎn)化<Conversion>:由一個詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個詞類:eg.water<n.>水water<v.>澆水三.派生<Derivation>:通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另外一個詞:eg.happyunhappy加前綴一般不改變原詞的,只改變其。happyhappiness加后綴改變了原詞的一．合成法：…Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.…Whatdoestheword"shoplifter"mean?A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推銷員C.商店里的老客戶D.商店里的搬運工注意：請你猜一猜下列劃線的詞的詞義。1.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.2.Down-to-earthspiritisanecessity.Sharpwordsfromateachercanusuallybringaday-dreamingstudentdown-to-earth.3.Foratimewewrote,andherletterswerethehighlightofthoseterribleendlessyears.轉(zhuǎn)化法：Heisamanwithbroadshoulders.Wewillshouldertheresponsibilitiesatanytime.NobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneytoestablishtheNobelprizes.<08高考〕觸類旁通：feedcauseuseflynativemajormailemptycheatfree派生法〔重點〕：前綴否定前綴：il-im-in-ir-dis-mis-un-non-請為下列單詞找出適當?shù)姆穸ㄇ熬Y。balanceconcernactivepatientpossibleunderstandlegalluckypoliteregularagreeusehonestadvantagestopsmokerfair請找出下列單詞的前綴,并討論前綴所含意義retellrepayantiaircraftoversleepoverlooksupermancoeducationsubwaysubtitleinternationalinterviewenlargetransport歸納：鞏固練習：1…Itwouldbeeasyforsomeonetomispresenthimselfonlinebecauseyoucan’tseehim.Thussomeonewhosaysthat"sheisa12-year-oldgirl."couldreallybeanoldman.Whatdoestheword"mispresent"mean?A.MakingawrongjudgmentaboutB.UnderstandingsomebodywronglyC.GivingawrongdescriptionofD.Formingawrongopinionabout2….Thecomputeralsocountstheloadsandgivesasignalbyphonewhentheboxisfull.Andaspecialpieceofequipmentbreaksupthenonrecyclables.3….Anothermythabouteyesisthattheycanbetransplanted.Itisquitedifficulttoconnectaneyeballtoanewbrain…后綴常見的名詞后綴A:表示人的后綴：B:其它常見的后綴：技巧點撥：動詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代詞等詞后一般接或動名詞,如果所給單詞是其它詞類,就要將其改為,并注意名詞數(shù)的變化。動詞,名詞,形容詞時都有可能會考否定形式,一定要根據(jù)語境來判斷。<1>His<careful>resultedintheterribleaccident<2>Hewasoneofthe<visit>whothoughthighlyofTom,theirguide.2.常見的形容詞后綴-al;–an;–ern;-ble;–ish;–ive;–y;-ful;-less–ly;-ous表示具有…的性質(zhì),或與…有關(guān)e.g.practical,American,southern,possible,foolish,native,rainy,careless,careful3.常見的副詞后綴:-ly表示方式,程度:freely,happily-ward<s>表示方向:westwards技巧點撥：動詞前后、形容詞前后可有,這時,如果所給詞為形容詞,則需將其變?yōu)楦痹~。如果所給詞為名詞或動詞,可先將其變?yōu)樾稳菰~,再加后綴-ly。另外,在答題時還要考慮副詞級的變化。名詞前面一般可有形容詞修飾語,連系動詞后接形容詞作表語。如果所需詞為形容詞時,還要考慮形容詞級的變化。如：<1>Thelittlegirlis<extreme〕eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.<2>What,sthe<length>riverintheworld?<3>The<strength>webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.4.動詞后綴:-fy<使…化>;-ize<使…成為>;–en<使…〕寫出下列單詞的動詞形式。beautymoderndeeprichrealquick技巧點撥：動詞是句子的靈魂,在確定語法填空的答案時,要考慮句子中是否有謂語動詞,如果謂語動詞,需將所給詞通過加前綴或后綴變成動詞。兩個en含有使動用法:en-〔enrich>-en<widen>易錯點1.Nowadaysmostaircraftflyhighly.Theycanwatchlivelybroadcastballgamesathome.3."Wereallydidverywell,"criedthefairy,inapleasingvoice,"forIfoundlittleunhappinessamongthechildrenthismorning.強化訓練1.Inaword,tosavetimeis_________<long>life.tolengthen2.BeforethetripIthoughtwewererichbuttodayIlearntwhois_____<true>rich.3.Theracegaveagreatdealof________<please>.<惠一調(diào)>4.Itwashisninthyearofschoolandhisacademiccareerseemedtobeinruins,soIwasfullof_____<angry>.<惠二調(diào)>5..andviruses,soI’mverycarefulnottogiveoutmy_________<person>information.<惠三調(diào)>6.Withthistheboygotupandwalkedaway,leavinghisfathersittingontheircomfortablesofa,totally_________<speech>.<廣一模>7.MrChenhastaughtmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy<appreciate>Idecidedtogetherapresent.<XX二模>8..…<fortunate>,IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutestocompletetherest.<09XX二模>9..Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit_________<patience>.〔深一?！?0.."Thirty-fivecents,"shesaid<rude>.〔09深一?！?1..Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto<understand>them.12.…youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe<entertain>field.<惠一模>13.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat__________<contribute>toChinawiththeirwork.〔XX二模〕14.．Thestormdamagedseveral_________<new>builtbuildings,…<XX二模>15.．Numerousstudieshaveshownthatfreeplayisvery<benefit>.Itcanhelpchildrenbecomecreative…<四校聯(lián)考>16.….theycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionthelatest_______<excite>footballmatch.〔XX一?！辰忸}心得小結(jié)：介詞,冠詞,所有格后接_____；形容詞修飾_____；副詞修飾____________________熟悉四會單詞的意義、拼寫和詞性注意1.在做語法填空時,一定要善于根據(jù)上下文分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),句子成分,平時要多積累相關(guān)的單詞,熟悉其詞性,并利用好構(gòu)詞法等技巧。2.最后,要檢查一遍,大小寫問題,單復數(shù)問題,字母是否缺漏,單詞是否要雙寫〔e.g.runner〕不斷地通過分析句子來檢驗自己的答案。3.平時注重培養(yǎng)：閱讀、理解語篇的能力；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力；熟練運用語法的能力。實戰(zhàn)演習<1>Ihated<1>__________<wait>forherforhourswithout<2>______<know>whenonearthshewouldcome.Onher<3>__________<arrive>,shewouldalwayshuggedme,promisingnevertobelateagain.Iusedtostareatherin<4>__________<angry>,tellingherfranklythather<5>__________<arrive>latemademeangryandthatIwantedtoendour<6>__________<relate>.However,sheneverseemedtobe<7>__________<angrily>.Shetoldmethatshealwaysthoughtofmeasoneofherbest<8>__________<friendly>andifIlefther,thatwouldbeasevere<9>_________<punish>toher.Finallywereachedan<10>_________<agree>thatwewouldstillbegoodfriends,butshemustn,tbelateagain.<2>Annwalkedoutofthechemicalfactory,annoyedather1<pleasant>interviewwithJack,thevicegeneralmanagerofthefactory.Annwastoldthefactoryhadbeenpouringwastewaterdirectlyintotheriver,makingthewater2<suit>todrink.Annthoughtitwasherdutyto3<close>thematterandhaditreportedinthenewspaper.Shealsothoughtitwas4<responsible>〖JP3〗forthefactorytodoso.Jackthoughtitwas5<proper>and6<legal>forAnntoreportthewholethinginpublicwithouttellingtheminadvance.However,Annregardeditmostimportanttoensuretheresidentsnearthefactorytodrink7<pollution>water.ShetoldJackifhisfactorykeptonpollutingtheriver,hewassuretoanswerforwhathehaddoneoneday.<3>Itwasa<1>_________<snow>winterSunday.Janesatinher<2>_________<gloom>room,staringatthetelephone<3>________<sad>,waiting<4>_______<eager>foraphonecallherunclepomisedherifhecouldmanagetofindherajob.Itwasalmost11o,clock,butthephonestillremained<5>__________<silence>.Sheoncetoldherselfthatherunclecoulddonothingtohelpherandshethoughtshehadsome<6>__________<predict>poweraboutsuchkindofthings.However,shestillfeltit<7>__________<bear>whensheassumedherpredictioncametrue,soshecouldn,thelpweeping.Justthen,thetelephonerang.Itwasheruncle,tellingherthemanagerofhiscompanyagreedtogiveherachancebecausehethoughtJanewasa<8>__________<compete>girltodotheworkwell.ImaginehowhappyJanewasatthegoodnews.〔4〕Aftertheengineerwaitedfortwohourstohavetheplan<1>_______<approve>,hewalkedoutofthemayor,sofficeintothenarrowstreet,thinkingthattheadministrativeformalitiesmust<2>_______<simple>tomakethingseasier,thenarrowstreetsofthecityshould<3>__________<wide>andanothertheatershouldbebuilt<4>_______<rich>people,slifeafterwork.Moremoneyshouldbespend<5>__________<industry>thecity.Besidesitwasimportant<6>_________<deep>and<7>________<wide>theriversothattherewouldbelessflood.Justthen,hesmeltadelicioussmelloutofarestaurantandherealizedhehadn,thadanythingfortenhours.Hethensaidtohimself,"WhyshouldIthinkofallthis？AmIthemayor？ThemostimportantthingIshoulddonowistoeatsomething."He<8>__________<quick>hisstepstowardstherestaurant.〔5〕Eachofusfailsfromtimetotime.Ifwearewise,weacceptthese<1>__________<fail>asanecessarypartofthelearningprocess.Butalltoooften<2>__________parentsandteacherswedonotallowourchildrentohavethesameright.Weconveyeitherbywords<3>__________byactionsthatfailureissomethingtobeashamedof,andthatnothingbuttopperformancemeetswithour<4>__________<approve>.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewasashy,nervousperfectionist.Hisfearoffailure<5>__________<keep>himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.Heseldomansweredquestionsforfearthathewouldbewrong.Heseldomfinishedhisworkbecauseherepeatedlycheckedwithmetobesurehehadn,tmadea<6>__________<mistaken>.Itriedmybesttobuilduphisself-confidence.AndIrepeatedlyaskedGodfor<7>__________<direct>.Butnothingchangeduntilmidterm,<8>__________MaryAnne,ayoungstudentteacher,wasappointedtoourclassroom.Shewasyoungandpretty,andshelovedchildren.Manystudents,Donnie<9>__________<include>,adoredher.Withher<10>__________<encourage>,Donniebecameconfident.〔6〕Afathersatathisdesklookingatandcarefullystudyinghis1<month>billwhenhisyoungsonrushedinandannounced,"Dad,becausethisisyourbirthdayandyouare55yearsold,I’mgoingtogiveyou55kisses,oneforeachyear!"Butthefatherexclaimed,"Oh,Peter,don’tdoitnow.I’mtoobusy!"Theboyimmediatelyfell2<silence>astearsrolleddownfromhisbigblueeyes.3<apologize>thefathersaid,"Youcanfinishlater."Theboysaidnothingbut4<quiet>walkedaway,5<disappoint>writtenoverhisface.Thateveningthefathersaid,"Comeandfinishthekissesnow,Peter!"Buttheboydidn’trespond.6<fortunate>,theboyhadanaccidentandwasdrowned.Hisheartbrokenfatherwrote,"IfonlyIcouldtellhimhowmuchIregretmy7<thought>wordsandcouldbeassuredthatheknowshowmuchmyheartisaching."Loveisatwo-waystreet.Anylovingactmustbe8<warm>acceptedoritwillbetakenas9<reject>andcanleaveascar.Nothingismore10<importance>thanrespondingwithlovetothecryforlovefromthosewhoarenearandprecioustous.英語構(gòu)詞法在高考中的應用參考答案：考情分析1.merrily2.natural3.choice4.warmly考點精講：合成法轉(zhuǎn)化法派生法詞性詞義詞性一．A1.生死悠關(guān)的；2.實事求是的做白日夢的現(xiàn)實的3.最精彩的部分二．名詞動詞遺愿三．imbalanceunconcerninactiveimpatientimpossiblemisunderstandillegalunluckyimpoliteirregulardisagreemisusedishonestdisadvantagenonsmokernonstopunfairre-再,anti-反對,反抗over-太多的,在之上,super-