新視野英語(yǔ)教程（第四版）讀寫(xiě)教程3 課件 Unit 4 CustomsVIP

新視野英語(yǔ)教程讀寫(xiě)教程3第四版CONTENTSAroundtheTopic?ReadingThrough?BasicWritingSkills?ReadingMore?PracticalWriting?ChineseWisdom?CustomsUnit4Everycultureandgrouphasitsownsetofcustomsorwaysofbehaving.Differentsocietiesfollowdifferentcustomswithrespecttomultiplethingslikeclothing,festivalsandfoodhabits.Asoneoftheworld’smostancientcivilizations,Chinahasmanyuniquecustomsbasedondifferentgeographicalareasandethnicgroups.Itisthesecustomsthatmakeourcivilizationuniquelyfascinating.Namesareusuallyattachedtoexpectations.Whatdoesyournamemean?Workinpairsandaskeachotherthefollowingquestionswhilechecking(?)theanswersandprovidingyourownintheblanks.Whatdoesyournamereflect?1MynameMypartner’sname□reflectsparents’expectations□□showsfamilyvalues□□offersguidance

□□sayssomethingaboutthevaluesofChineseculture□What

can

a

good

name

mean?2TomeitmeansTomypartneritmeans□myparents’hopesforme□□agoaltoaspireto

□□goodluckandhealth□?alonglifespan?Namesareusuallyattachedtoexpectations.Whatdoesyournamemean?Workinpairsandaskeachotherthefollowingquestionswhilechecking(?)theanswersandprovidingyourownintheblanks.Watchthefilmclipsanddiscussthefollowingquestions:1)Whatisthebaby’sname?2)Didthebabyhaveamiddlenameormiddleinitial?3)

Whatnamingcustomsdoyouknow?Summaryoftheclipsandreferencefordiscussion:Inthisclip,themother(Ellen),daughter(Susan)andgrandfatheraretalkingaboutthenewbabyintheStewartfamily.Thebabyisthegrandfather’sfirstgreat-grandson.Hehasasweet-soundingname－Max,withnomiddlenameormiddleinitial.Grandpadoesn’thaveamiddlenameormiddleinitialeither,andhisnameisMalcolmStewart.MaxStewarthasthesameinitial(M.S.)withGrandpa.AnEnglishnameusuallycomprisesthreeparts:thegivenname,themiddle,andthefamilyname,forexample,WilliamJeffersonClinton.Somepeopledon’thavemiddlename,justasMaxandGrandpa.Namingcustomisapartofculture,anditvariesfromcountrytocountry.Naming

CustomsWarming-upWhatdoesyournamereflect?itreflectsparents’expectationsitshowsfamily’svaluesitoffersguidanceitsayssomethingaboutthevaluesofChinesecultureWhatcanagoodnamemean?thehopeplacedbyparentstheoutlineforstrivingaimgoodluckandhealthalonglifespanTextANamingCustomsCulturesandfamilieshavedifferent

namingcustoms.

Manypeoplebelieveasuitablenamecanserveasanoutlineforachild’sfuture,

helpingdetermineifthechildwillbeafamouspainterorapianoplayer,alawyerorascholar.命名習(xí)俗不同的文化和家庭有不同的命名習(xí)俗。很多人相信一個(gè)好名字能夠大致勾勒出一個(gè)孩子的前程，有助于影響這個(gè)孩子將來(lái)是成為一位有名的畫(huà)家還是出色的鋼琴演奏家，是做律師還是做學(xué)者。TextA

InsomeAsiancountries,parentsgotoa

namefortune-tellertogetanamethatwillbringgoodlucktoachild.Forexample,itisoftenconsideredbadlucktogiveagirlaverystrongname.Peoplethinkthiswillbringherunhappinessinlifeandthatgirlsshouldhavenamesthataresoft,attractive,andbeautiful.Thisiswhy,inJapan,girls’namesoftenendin“-ko,”whichmeans“child.”

Chinesegirlsareoftengivennamesthatmean“jade,”“snow,”

or“flowers.”

Inthesameway,boysoftenhavenamesthatarestrongandpowerful,suggestingsuccessandwealth.

InChina,boysaregivennameslike“brilliant”or“upright,”inthehopethat

theywillbecomethecreamofthecropwhentheygrowup.在一些亞洲國(guó)家，父母?jìng)儠?huì)到給人取名字的算命先生那里去求一個(gè)能夠給孩子帶來(lái)好運(yùn)的名字。比如，人們通常認(rèn)為給女孩取一個(gè)強(qiáng)硬的名字會(huì)給她的生活帶來(lái)不幸，認(rèn)為女孩應(yīng)該取柔和、吸引人、甜美的名字。這就是為什么在日本女孩的名字通常以意為“孩子”的ko結(jié)尾。中國(guó)女孩常取帶有“玉”、“雪”或“花”之意的名字。同樣，男孩的名字常蘊(yùn)含“強(qiáng)壯”或“有力”之意，暗示成功和財(cái)富。在中國(guó)，男孩常取“亮”或“正”之類的名字，希望他們長(zhǎng)大后能夠成為同齡人中的佼佼者。TextA

Namescanalsobeasignoffamilyheritage.Forexample,insomepartsofAfrica,firstnamesusuallyhavetwoparts.

Thefirstpart

ofaboy’sfirstnamefollowsastrictgenealogyusedformanygenerations.

Alltheboysinonegenerationofafamily,thebrothersandmalecousins,mayhavethesamefirstparttotheirname.

Infact,therearesomeAfricantribeswherealmostallofthemalessharethesamefirstname.

Similarly,insomeArabic-speakingcountries,boysaregiventhefirstnameoftheirpaternalgrandfather.InEuropeancountries,familiesmayrepeatthesamenamesforseveralgenerations.

InIceland,agirl’slastnamegenerallytranslatesas“daughterof...”andaboy’sgenerallytranslatesas“sonof...”名字也象征著家族傳統(tǒng)。比如，在非洲的一些地方，名字通常由兩部分組成。男孩名字的第一部分通常嚴(yán)格遵循祖祖輩輩一直使用的家譜。同一個(gè)家族中同輩分的所有男孩，無(wú)論是親兄弟還是堂兄弟，他們名字的第一部分可能都是一樣的。實(shí)際上，在非洲的一些部落中，幾乎所有男性名字的第一部分都相同。與此類似的情況是，在一些說(shuō)阿拉伯語(yǔ)的國(guó)家，男孩經(jīng)常以他們爺爺?shù)拿謥?lái)命名。在歐洲國(guó)家，家族可以連續(xù)幾代使用相同的名字。在冰島，女孩的姓翻譯出來(lái)的意思通常是“的女兒”，男孩的則是“的兒子”。TextA

Finally,somepeoplename

theirchildrenafter

7famousrulersorpublicfigures,likeGeorgeWashingtonCarver,orevenaftertheirfavorite

soapopera

actorsontelevision.Otherschoosenamesbasedonfiguresfromliterature.Inthisway,namesmaypointtothevaluesofthefamily.

Customsarenottheonlythingsthatrestrictthenamingofchildren,however.

Somegovernmentsemployspecificpersonneltoomitnamesthatmayharmchildren.最后，一些人還可能以有名的統(tǒng)治者或公眾人物的名字來(lái)給孩子取名，比如喬治·華盛頓·卡弗這樣的名字，甚至還有人以他們最喜愛(ài)的電視肥皂劇的演員的名字來(lái)給孩子取名。有一些人選名字則是依據(jù)文學(xué)作品中的人物。這些命名方式彰顯了一個(gè)家庭的價(jià)值觀。然而，習(xí)俗并不是限制孩子命名的唯一因素。一些政府會(huì)雇用專人取消一些有可能傷害兒童的名字。TextA

InArgentina,forexample,thegovernmentwillapproveallnames.

Parentscannotgivetheirchildrenstrangeorridiculousnames,andforeignnamesmightbeHispanicized.

OnecouplewantedtocalltheirchildKennedy,forexample,butlosttheircaseincourt.例如，在阿根廷，政府必須審批所有的人名。父母不能給他們的孩子取稀奇古怪或荒唐可笑的名字，仿外國(guó)人的名字也可能被要求西班牙化。例如，一對(duì)夫妻想把他們的孩子叫作肯尼迪，結(jié)果他們?cè)诜ㄍド蠑≡V了。TextAGermany,too,thegovernmenthasthepowertostopparentsfromgivingtheirchildrenstrangenames.RecentattemptstocallachildBierstube(“beerhall”)havenotbeenaccepted.

OnefamilyfounditselfinajamwhentheyfoughttocalltheirsonSascha.

Thegovernmentinsistedheshouldhaveamiddlenamethatshowedhewasaboy.

ThisisalsoanissueinJapan,wherethegovernmentfeelschildrenshouldnotbegivennamesthatotherchildrenwillmakefunof.在德國(guó)，政府也有權(quán)禁止父母給他們的孩子取稀奇古怪的名字。最近有人打算給他們的孩子取名為“小啤酒大廳”(Bierstube)，但沒(méi)有被政府接受。有個(gè)家庭想給自己的兒子取名為薩沙，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)困難重重。政府堅(jiān)持要求給這個(gè)小孩取一個(gè)中間名，以表明他是個(gè)男孩。在日本，情況也如此，政府認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該避免給孩子們?nèi)∫恍?huì)被其他孩子取笑的名字。TextA

Isnamingsomethingthatshouldbeleftto

theparents?

Doesthegovernmenthavetherighttostepin

toprotectthechild?

Ironingout

thedetailsofwhoshoulddowhatisnoteasy.

Whateverthegovernmentandparentsdecide,though,itisreallythechildrenwhohavetolivewith

theirdecisions!Maybeweshouldaskthem.命名是應(yīng)該由父母來(lái)決定的事情嗎？為保護(hù)孩子，政府有權(quán)力插手嗎？決定誰(shuí)做什么的細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題并不是一件容易的事。然而，無(wú)論政府和父母作出何種決定，真正要承受他們決定的是孩子！也許我們應(yīng)該問(wèn)問(wèn)孩子們的意見(jiàn)。TextAAttheverybeginning,theauthorarguesthat“Culturesandfamilieshavedifferentnamingcustoms.”Todefendthisargument,theauthorfirstpointsoutthatnamingisrelatedtohopesandwishes,tofamilyheritage,andtovalues.Theauthoralsopointsoutthatnamingisrestrictednotonlybycustomsbutalsobythegovernment.Theauthorendsthetextwiththethought-provokingquestion:Whoshouldhavethefinalsayinthematterofnaming?MainIdeaTextATextStructure→ExerciseArgument:“Culturesandfamilieshavedifferentnamingcustoms.”(Para.1)Namingisalsorestrictedbythegovernment.(Paras.5-7)Namingisrelatedto1)hopesorwishes(Para.2)

2)familyheritage(Para.3)

3)values(Para.4)Thought-provokingquestion:Whoshouldhavethefinalsayinthematterofnaming?(Para.8)e.g.Thefilmisnotsuitableforaudienceunder18yearsold.

這部電影不適合18歲以下觀眾觀看。suitablerightorappropriateforaparticularperson,purpose,orsituation

合適的adj.BacktoTexte.g.ThisisanoutlineofChinesegrammar.這是一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的綱要。outline1)[C;U]themainideasorfactsofsomething,withoutdetails綱要；梗概BacktoTextn.e.g.Hedrewtheoutlineofthehillatdawninlessthan10minutes.他不到10分鐘就把晨曦中山的輪廓畫(huà)了出來(lái)。2)[C;U]line(s)showingtheboundaryorshapeof

something外形;輪廓e.g.Whoisyourfavoritepainter?你最喜歡的畫(huà)家是誰(shuí)？painter[C]anartistwhopaintspictures畫(huà)家BacktoTextn.e.g.Thematterisnowinthehandsofmylawyer.這件事現(xiàn)在正由我的律師處理。lawyer[C]apersonwhoistrainedandqualifiedtoadvisepeopleaboutthelaw,torepresentthemincourt,andtowritelegaldocuments律師BacktoTextn.thepracticesfornamingchildrenthatarefollowedbyaparticulargroupofpeopleNamingCustomsMeaningBacktoTextManypeoplebelieveagoodnamecanpredictwhatachildwillbecomeinthefuture...Manypeoplebelieveasuitablenamecanserveasanoutlineforachild’sfuture...MeaningBacktoText...andithelpstodecideifthechildwillbeafamouspainterorafamouspianoplayer,alawyerorascholar....helpingdetermineifthechildwillbeafamouspainterorapianoplayer,alawyerorascholar.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.Hedoesn’tbelievethatfortune-teller’swordsatall.他根本不相信那位算命師的話。

fortune-teller[C]apersonwhoclaimstobeabletotellpeoplewhatwillhappentotheminthefuture算命師BacktoTextn.e.g.Whydon’tyoubuysomejade?你為什么不買些翡翠呢？jade[U]aprecious,usuallygreenstonefromwhichjewelry,smallfigures,etc.aremade碧玉；翡翠BacktoTextn.e.g.Learninganewdancestepmayboostthebraininthesamewaythatlearningalanguagecan.學(xué)習(xí)一種新的舞步對(duì)大腦的鍛煉作用與學(xué)習(xí)一種語(yǔ)言對(duì)大腦的鍛煉作用是相同的。inthesamewaysimilarly

同樣地；以同樣的方式BacktoTexte.g.Heisabrillianthighjumper.他是一名杰出的跳高運(yùn)動(dòng)員。brilliantextremelycleverorskillful絕頂聰明的；才華橫溢的BacktoTextadj.e.g.Tomyknowledge,heisaveryuprightandtrustworthyman.據(jù)我所知，他是個(gè)非常正直、值得信任的人。upright1)behavinginamoralandhonestway正直的;誠(chéng)實(shí)的BacktoTextadj.e.g.Anythinginaleaningpositionisnotupright.任何偏置的物體都不是直立的。2)notlyingdown,andwiththebackstraightratherthanbent

(站或坐得)筆直的e.g.Hisparentssenthimtocollegeinthehopethathecouldliveabetterlifeinthefuture.他的父母送他去上大學(xué)，希望他將來(lái)能過(guò)上更好的生活。inthehopethatholdingtheexpectationthat

希望BacktoTexte.g.Thesepeoplearethecreamoftheworld’smountainclimbers.這些人是世界登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員中的精英。cream1)(thecreamofsth.)thebestpeopleorthingsfromagroup

……中的精英Next

pagen.e.g.Wouldyoulikesomecreaminyourcoffee?你的咖啡要加一些奶油嗎?2)[U]athickyellow-whiteliquidthatrisestothetopofmilk奶油；乳脂e.g.Itisquitenormalforacompanytochooseonlythecreamofthecropwhenitrecruitsgraduates.公司招聘畢業(yè)生時(shí)總是挑最好的，這相當(dāng)正常。thecreamofthecropthebestpart精英；精華BacktoTextInsomeAsiancountries,parentsgotoafortune-tellerwhowillbeabletofindaluckynameforachild.InsomeAsiancountries,parentsgotoanamefortune-tellertogetanamethatwillbring

goodlucktoachild.MeaningBacktoTextChinesegirlsoftenhavenamesthatarerelatedto“jade,”“snow,”or“flowers.”Chinesegirlsareoftengivennamesthatmean“jade,”“snow,”or“flowers.”MeaningBacktoTextSimilarly,boysoftenhavenamesthatindicatestrengthorwealth.Inthesameway,boysoftenhavenamesthatarestrongandpowerful,suggestingsuccessandwealth.MeaningBacktoTextInChina,boysusuallyhavenamesrelatedtosmartnessorhonesty,withthehopethat...InChina,boysaregivennameslike“brilliant”or“upright,”inthehopethat...MeaningBacktoText...theywillbecomethebestwhentheygrowup....theywillbecomethecreamofthecropwhentheygrowup.MeaningBacktoTextheritage[singular;U]anobject,custom,orqualitythatispasseddownovermanyyearswithinafamily,socialgroup,ornation,andisthoughtofasbelongingtoallitsmembers

遺產(chǎn)；傳統(tǒng)n.e.g.Allofusneedtotryourbesttoprotectourculturalheritage.我們所有人都要盡力保護(hù)我們的文化遺產(chǎn)。BacktoTexte.g.Thenobletookprideinhisgenealogy.該位貴族以自己的血統(tǒng)為傲。genealogy[C]anaccountofoneparticularfamily’shistory,especiallywhenshowninadrawingwithlinesandnamesspreadinglikethebranchesofatree

家譜BacktoTextn.e.g.ThezebraisawildAfricanhorsewithwhiteandblackstripes.斑馬是一種帶有黑白相間花紋的野生非洲馬。Africanadj.relatingtoAfricaoritspeople非洲的；非洲人的adj.&n.e.g.TheAfricansexpressedtheirmusicalsoulinadistinctiveway.非洲人用一種獨(dú)特的方式表達(dá)他們的音樂(lè)靈魂。n.[C]someonefromAfrica非洲人BacktoTexte.g.DoyouknowofanyArabic-speakingstudentshere?你認(rèn)識(shí)這兒講阿拉伯語(yǔ)的學(xué)生嗎?Arabic[U]thelanguagethatisspokenbyArabpeople阿拉伯語(yǔ)BacktoTextn.e.g.Hehadanalmostpaternalattitudetowardher.他用一種近乎慈父般的態(tài)度對(duì)待她。paternal[U]relatedthroughthefather’ssideofthefamily父系的BacktoTextadj.e.g.Hetranslatedwhatthechairmansaidintosignlanguage.他把主席說(shuō)的話翻譯成手語(yǔ)。translateexpressthesenseof(wordsortext)inanotherlanguage翻譯；譯BacktoTextv.Namescansayalotaboutafamily’shistorytoo.Namescanalsobeasignoffamilyheritage.MeaningBacktoTextThefirstpartofaboy’sgivennameusuallyispartofafamilylinethathascomedownmanygenerations.Thefirstpartofaboy’sfirstnamefollowsastrictgenealogyusedformanygenerations.MeaningBacktoTextAlltheboys,whethertheyarebrothersorcousins,inonegenerationofafamilymayhavethesamefirstparttotheirname.Alltheboysinonegenerationofafamily,thebrothersandmalecousins,mayhavethesamefirstparttotheirname.MeaningBacktoTextInfact,insomeplacesinAfricawherepeoplewhoarenativetoaregionlivetogetherinagroup,thefirstpartofthenamesofalmostallmalesarethesame.Infact,therearesomeAfricantribeswherealmostallofthemalessharethesamefirstname.MeaningBacktoTextInthesameway,insomecountrieswhereArabicisspoken,boyshavethesamefirstnameastheirgrandfather.Similarly,insomeArabic-speakingcountries,boysaregiventhefirstnameoftheirpaternalgrandfather.MeaningBacktoTextInIceland,agirl’slastnameoftenmeans“daughterof...”andaboy’slastnameoftenmeans“sonof...”InIceland,agirl’slastnamegenerallytranslatesas“daughterof...”andaboy’sgenerallytranslatesas“sonof...”MeaningBacktoTextnamesb.aftersb.BacktoTextgivesomebodythesamenameastheotherpersonorthing以某人的名字給某人命名e.g.Shewasnamedafteragreatsinger.她的名字來(lái)自一位偉大的歌唱家。e.g.Itwasthecountry’srulerwhodevisedthissystem.是該國(guó)的執(zhí)政者創(chuàng)造了這一體制。ruler[C]apersonwhorulesacountry統(tǒng)治者BacktoTextn.e.g.Whatisyourfavoritecolor?你最喜歡什么顏色?favoriteadj.likedmorethananyother最喜愛(ài)的BacktoTextadj.&n.e.g.Thishotelisagreatfavoriteofmine.這家旅館是我最喜歡的。n.[C]apersonorthingyoulikemorethananyother特別喜愛(ài)的東西e.g.Thestoryhasalltheelementsofasoapopera.這個(gè)故事具有所有肥皂劇的要素。soapoperaastoryaboutthelivesandproblemsofagroupofpeoplewhichcontinueseverydayorseveraltimesaweekontelevisionorradio肥皂劇BacktoTexte.g.ThemuseumisonlyopenonMondaytorestrictthenumberofvisitors.為了限制參觀者的人數(shù)，本博物館只在每周一開(kāi)放。restrictputalimiton;keepundercontrol限制，約束(行為或活動(dòng))vt.BacktoTexte.g.Therewere78personnelontheshipthatsank.那艘沉船上有78名船員。personnel[plural]allthepeopleemployedbyacompany,inthearmedforces,orworkinginanyorganization（公司、機(jī)構(gòu)或軍隊(duì)的）人員；職員n.BacktoTexte.g.Heomittedanymentionofhisownwork.他只字未提他自己的工作。omit1)notincludebymistakeoronpurpose;leaveout

刪去；忽略vt.e.g.Heomittedtomentionexactlywherehehadgottenthemoney.他沒(méi)有提及拿到錢的確切地點(diǎn)。2)(omittodosth.)failtodosomethingbymistakeoronpurpose忘記做某事；故意未做某事BacktoTextAsafinalpoint,somepeoplechoosetogivetheirchildrenthesamenameasthatofafamousrulerorsomeoneinthepubliceye...orasthatofaTVsoapoperaactortheylike.Finally,somepeoplenametheirchildrenafterfamousrulersorpublicfigures...orevenaftertheirfavoritesoapoperaactorsontelevision.MeaningBacktoTextButbesidescustoms,thereareotherthingsthatinfluencethenamingofchildren.Customsarenottheonlythingsthatrestrictthenamingofchildren,however.MeaningBacktoTextSomegovernmentshaveworkerstogetridofsomebadnamesbecauseofthenegativeeffectstheymighthaveonchildren.Somegovernmentsemployspecificpersonneltoomitnamesthatmayharmchildren.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.Theministerapprovedtheplan.部長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。approve1)toofficiallyacceptaplan,proposal,etc.批準(zhǔn)v.e.g.Mostpeoplenolongerapproveofsmokinginpublicplaces.大部分人不再贊同在公共場(chǎng)所抽煙。2)tothinkthatsomeoneorsomethingisgood,right,orsuitable贊成BacktoTexte.g.Heisaridiculousperson.他是一個(gè)很可笑的人。ridiculousdeservingridicule;sillyorunreasonable荒唐的；可笑的adj.BacktoTexte.g.After10years’livinginaHispaniccommunity,hefeelsthefamilyculturehasbeenHispanicized.在西班牙裔社區(qū)生活了10年后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)家庭文化都西班牙化了。HispanicizetomakeSpanish,asincustomorculture使西班牙化vt.BacktoTexte.g.Theytooktheirlandlordtocourtforbreakingthecontract.因?yàn)榉繓|毀約，他們將其告上了法庭。court[C;U]theplacewherelegaltrialstakeplaceandwherecrimes,etc.arejudged法院；法庭n.BacktoTextInArgentina,allnamesgivenbyparentsshouldbeacceptedbythegovernment.InArgentina,forexample,thegovernmentwillapproveallnames.MeaningBacktoTextParentscannotgivetheirchildrennamesthatothersmightmakefunofandforeignnamesshouldbemademoreSpanishsounding.Parentscannotgivetheirchildrenstrangeorridiculousnames,andforeignnamesmightbeHispanicized.MeaningBacktoTextAhusbandandhiswifewantedtonametheirchildKennedy,forexample,butthecourtdidnotallowthemtodoso.OnecouplewantedtocalltheirchildKennedy,forexample,butlosttheircaseincourt.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.Thebankdirectorfoundhimselfinajamforhiscorruption.這位銀行董事因貪污而身陷困境。inajaminadifficultsituation陷入困境BacktoTexte.g.SheinsistedthatPeterleaveorshewouldcallthepolice.她堅(jiān)持要彼得離開(kāi)，否則就打電話報(bào)警。insistorderordemand(thatsomethingmusthappenorbedone)堅(jiān)決要求vi.BacktoTexte.g.Don’tmakefunofthechildren.不要取笑那些孩子。makefunoflaugh,orcauseotherstolaugh,ratherunkindlyat嘲弄BacktoTextOnefamilywasintroublewhentheytriedtonametheirsonSascha.OnefamilyfounditselfinajamwhentheyfoughttocalltheirsonSascha.MeaningBacktoTextThegovernmentfirmlydemanded(that)thechild(should)haveamiddlenamethatwouldindicatehewasaboy.Thegovernmentinsistedheshouldhaveamiddlenamethatshowedhewasaboy.Meaninginsist+(that)clause+subject+(should)verbinsist+on/upon+gerund/noun.BacktoTextThisisalsoamatterofimportanceinJapan.TheJapanesegovernmentfeelsthatparentsshouldnotgivetheirchildrenfunnynamesthatotherchildrenwilllaughat.ThisisalsoanissueinJapan,wherethegovernmentfeelschildrenshouldnotbegivennamesthatotherchildrenwillmakefunof.MeaningBacktoTexte.g.Wewillleaveittoyou.這事我們就交給你了。leavesth.tosb.allow(something)tobetheresponsibilityof(someone)ortobedecidedby(someone)把……留交某人決定BacktoTexte.g.Ifthedisputegetsanyworse,thegovernmentwillhavetostepin.如果爭(zhēng)端進(jìn)一步惡化，政府將不得不進(jìn)行干涉。stepinenteranargumentorbegintotakeactioninanaffair;intervene干涉；介入BacktoTexte.g.Sheusedtoironhisshirts.她過(guò)去常給他熨襯衫。ironmake(clothes)smoothwithaniron熨平BacktoTextvt.e.g.We’dbetterironoutourpastdifferencesbeforewegoanyfurther.我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行下一步前，最好先把以前的分歧消除。ironoutsettlesomethingbydiscussion;remove解決;消除e.g.Theyhavetolivewiththeconsequencesoftheirdecision.他們不得不承受自己的決定所造成的后果。

livewithbear;tolerate忍受；容忍BacktoTextIsnamingsomethingthatshouldonlybedecidedbytheparents?Isnamingsomethingthatshouldbelefttotheparents?

MeaningBacktoTextDoesthegovernmenthavetherighttogetinvolvedinthenamingofchildrensothattheycanprotectthem?Doesthegovernmenthavetherighttostepintoprotectthechild?MeaningBacktoTextDecidingwhoshouldberesponsibleforthenamingofchildren,aswellastheiroverallprotection,isnotasimpletask.Ironingoutthedetailsofwhoshoulddowhatisnoteasy.

MeaningBacktoTextNomatterwhatthegovernmentandparentsdecide,however,itisindeedthechildrenwhohavetospendtheirliveswiththenamesthathavebeenchosenforthem.Whateverthegovernmentandparentsdecide,though,itisreallythechildrenwhohavetolivewiththeirdecisions!MeaningBacktoTextReadingOutFillintheblankswithoutreferringtotheoriginaltext.Thencheckyouranswersagainsttheoriginal.Afterthat,readthepassagealouduntilyoucansayitfrommemory.Isnamingsomethingthatshouldbeleft(1)

theparents?Doesthegovernmenthavetherighttostep(2)

toprotectthechild?Ironing(3)

thedetailsof(4)

shoulddowhatisnoteasy.

(5)

thegovernmentandparentsdecide,though,itisreallythechildrenwhohavetolivewiththeirdecisions!(6)

weshouldaskthem.towhoinoutWhateverMaybeGettingtheMessageAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Whatcanasuitablenameserveasforachild?2.HowdoparentsinsomeAsiancountriesnametheirchildren?3.Cannamesbeasignoffamilyheritage?Giveanexample.Asuitablenamecanserveasanoutlineforachild’sfuture,helpingdetermineifthechildwillbeafamouspainterorapianoplayer,alawyerorascholar.Theygotoanamefortune-tellertogetanamethatwillbringgoodlucktoachild.Yes.Forexample,insomeplacesofAfrica,firstnameshavetwoparts.Thefirstpartofaboy’sfirstnamefollowsastrictgenealogyusedformanygenerations.GettingtheMessageAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.4.WhatdoyouknowaboutthenamingpracticeinsomeArabic-speakingcountries?5.Cannamespointtothevaluesofthefamily?Giveanexample.6.Arecustomstheonlythingsthatrestrictthenamingofchildren?Explain.InsomeArabic-speakingcountries,boysaregiventhefirstnameoftheirpaternalgrandfather.Yes.Forexample,somepeoplenametheirchildrenafterfamousrulersorpublicfigures,likeGeorgeWashingtonCarver,orevenaftertheirfavoritesoapoperaactorsontelevision.No.Customsarenottheonlythingsthatrestrictthenamingofchildren.Somegovernmentsemployspecificpersonneltoomitnamesthatmayharmchildren.GettingtheMessageAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.7.WhydidthegovernmentinGermanyinsistthataboywhoseparentsnamedhimSaschahaveamiddlename?8.Whatistheauthor’sviewonthequestionwhethernamingissomethingthatshouldbelefttotheparents?Whatreason(s)hastheauthorgiven?Theboy’sname,Sascha,didn’tspecifygender,andsothegovernmentinsistedhehaveamiddlenamethatshowedhewasaboy.Theauthor’sviewonthisquestionisthat,whateverthegovernmentandparentsdecide,itisreallythechildrenwhohavetolivewiththeirdecisions.Maybeweshouldaskthem.UsingtherightwordChoosethebestitemtocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.1.Webecamefriendsaftershehelpedmeoutofa(n)

.

A.district B.jam C.fortune D.attempt2.Herfather

nothingfromhereducationinhisattempttomakeherthemostaccomplished(有造詣的)womanofherage.A.Thought B.paid C.thanked D.omitted

3.Hesawthe

ofahouseagainstthesky.A.outlook B.outline C.outside D.outfit4.Toomuchdirectsunlightwill

theplant.A.harm B.hold C.help D.heatBDBAUsingtherightwordChoosethebestitemtocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.5.Hesaidtheproposalswouldhavetobe

bytheengineeringdepartment.A.protected B.approved C.believed D.repeated6.Thecrampedlivingconditionsseverely

thechildren’sfreedomtoplay.A.gave B.created C.restricted D.changed7.Wewereunabletoofferthisservicebecausewehadn’tgotenough

tocopewithit.A.office B.personnel C.mind D.thought8.It’s

toexpectatwo-year-oldtobeabletoread!A.ridiculous B.fine C.well D.sorryBCBAWorkingwithExpressionsFillineachoftheblanksinthefollowingsentenceswithasuitableprepositionoradverb.1.Beingquitewell-educatedandexperienced,heserves

anadviserinthegovernment.2.Jackdoesthings

thesamewayashismotherdoes.3.Heworkshardtoearnmoremoneytokeephissonatschool

thehopethathissoncangotocollege.4.Henamedhisnewbornbaby

agreatscholarinancientChina.5.Noonecanstophim

goingonwithhisstudies.6.Whenthetwomenwerefightingonthestreet,thepolicestepped

.7.Shouldweiron

theexistingproblemsbeforemoreplantsarebuilt?8.Healwaysmakesfun

others,soalmosteveryonedislikeshim.asininafterfrominoutofFocusingonSentenceStructureACombinethefollowingpairsofsentencesafterthemodel,using“inthehopethat.”Theannouncementwasbroadcastagainandagain.Itwashopedthatmorepeoplewouldgetthemessage.?Theannouncementwasbroadcastagainandagaininthehopethatmorepeoplewouldgetthemessage.Model1.Hevisitedthemuseumagain.Hehopedthathemightmeetthatgirloncemore.

2.Shestudiedharddayandnight.Shehopedthatshecouldpasstheexam.

3.Icametothisclass.IhopedthatIcouldlearnsomethingusefulformyfuturework.Hevisitedthemuseumagaininthehopethathemightmeetthatgirloncemore.Shestudiedharddayandnightinthehopethatshecouldpasstheexam.IcametothisclassinthehopethatIcouldlearnsomethingusefulfor