專題13概要寫作考點(diǎn)揭秘（上）（原卷版）2024年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)高頻考點(diǎn)追蹤與預(yù)測

專題13概要寫作考點(diǎn)揭秘（上）01專題網(wǎng)絡(luò)·思維腦圖02考情分析·解密高考03高頻考點(diǎn)·以考定法04核心素養(yǎng)·微專題05創(chuàng)新好題·分層練命題特點(diǎn)考察體裁寫作技巧注意根據(jù)題目要求，考生需要在閱讀300字左右的文章的基礎(chǔ)上寫一篇不多于60詞的梗概。概要必須涵蓋文章所有主要信息，但又不能添加任何無關(guān)信息，也不需要對文章內(nèi)容作出評價(jià)。不超過60個(gè)字。記敘文找出時(shí)間(when),地點(diǎn)(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),為什么做(why),結(jié)果怎么樣(how)六要素。其中,。若是結(jié)構(gòu)：故事的寫作目的/主題（1句）+故事大意，突出沖突以及故事背后的深意（23句）1、找關(guān)鍵詞和主題句，歸納段落大意。2、各要點(diǎn)的表達(dá)要相對獨(dú)立。3、多使用概括性詞語，少用具體描述性詞語。4、句型力求簡單。可用同義轉(zhuǎn)換或句子重構(gòu)5、要點(diǎn)之間要有適當(dāng)?shù)你暯樱沂褂幂^短的連接詞。6、不要照抄原文，盡量用自己的話概括，連續(xù)5個(gè)詞以上照抄要扣1分。說明文說明文一般有三種：描寫某事物的性質(zhì)功能；針對某個(gè)問題提出解決方法或措施；介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因、結(jié)果。結(jié)構(gòu)：說明的對象/觀點(diǎn)/現(xiàn)象（1句）+解釋/分述（23句）議論文找出議論文的三要素，即論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。。結(jié)構(gòu)：文章論點(diǎn)（1句）+文章論據(jù)（23句）各種文體的寫作技巧1、記敘文(Narration)：找出時(shí)間(when),地點(diǎn)(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),為什么做(why),結(jié)果怎么樣(how)六要素。其中,。若是1）敘事性的記敘文(Narration)。

敘事性的記敘文的主要內(nèi)容的概括主要抓住記敘文的幾個(gè)要素：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件和影響或后果。

2）寫人的記敘文（Description）。

寫人的記敘文總結(jié)要點(diǎn)主要抓住人物的主要特點(diǎn)或事跡，劃出關(guān)鍵詞（所謂關(guān)鍵詞是文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的體現(xiàn)主題或關(guān)聯(lián)的詞）。2、議論文（Argumentation）。

找出議論文的三要素，即論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。。因此，我們通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找論點(diǎn)。若文中有一分為二(即對立觀點(diǎn))的觀點(diǎn)，兩種觀點(diǎn)都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的觀點(diǎn)。

3、說明文（Exposition）

抓住關(guān)鍵句：文章第一段和各段第一句。說明文一般有三種：描寫某事物的性質(zhì)功能；針對某個(gè)問題提出解決方法或措施；介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因、結(jié)果。備考建議：平時(shí)的練習(xí)過程中，需嚴(yán)格按照以下三個(gè)步驟進(jìn)行。1.閱讀原文，劃出主題句和關(guān)鍵詞。

①快速閱讀全文，標(biāo)記段落，劃出每段主題句。

②主題句一般位于句首或句尾，關(guān)鍵詞出現(xiàn)頻率較高。2.草稿環(huán)節(jié)中提取主題句和關(guān)鍵詞。

①對主題句進(jìn)行修改，采用適當(dāng)連詞將主題句、關(guān)鍵詞和所要寫的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行串聯(lián)，形成一篇完整Summary。

②注意表達(dá)，切忌出現(xiàn)“Chinglish”。

③Summary必須清晰全面表明原文所表達(dá)信息，切不可亂入個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)或評論。3．定稿時(shí)務(wù)必仔細(xì)檢查。

①檢查有無單詞拼寫類等基本錯(cuò)誤。

②注意卷面整潔，切忌亂涂亂畫。高考概要寫作四步精準(zhǔn)“提煉”第一步讀懂原文，明確篇章結(jié)構(gòu)寫概要之前，一定要先通讀原文，確定文章的體裁和主題。根據(jù)意義劃分文中的自然段，意義段的數(shù)量對應(yīng)的就是要點(diǎn)的數(shù)量。一個(gè)自然段不一定是一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，有時(shí)幾個(gè)自然段說明一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，有時(shí)一個(gè)自然段包含數(shù)個(gè)要點(diǎn)。議論文的概要寫作(Asummaryofanargumentation) Argument1/supportingdetail1Argument2/supportingdetail2Conclusion說明文的概要寫作(Asummaryofaphenomenon/anexposition) Thetopic—whatThereason—whyTheeffects—howThesolution/conclusion第二步去次留精，提煉關(guān)鍵信息(1)明確全文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)后，就要處理原文的內(nèi)容，目的是保留主要內(nèi)容，刪除次要內(nèi)容。(2)先找出主題句，同時(shí)標(biāo)注與主題相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，最后歸納的要點(diǎn)往往是這些詞句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。(3)原文描述性的語言、細(xì)節(jié)性的信息，如列舉數(shù)字和列舉的事例等，無須在概要中一一列出。例如：Don'tforgettheclock—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime，andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou'reatit，actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown，turnrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.(加黑部分為與主題相關(guān)的部分)本段落主要內(nèi)容為通過吃飯慢減少對熱量的攝入，因此要將用餐時(shí)間延長至至少三十分鐘。用自己的語言將畫線部分重組后，關(guān)鍵信息如下：Recordthetimeandsetdinnertimeforhalfanhouraseatingslowlyhelpstakeinlesscalories.第三步歸納要點(diǎn)，合理轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)明確每個(gè)意義段的關(guān)鍵信息后，接下來應(yīng)用自己的語言準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)各意義段的要點(diǎn)。為避免和原文的句子重復(fù)，可利用同義轉(zhuǎn)述和句式轉(zhuǎn)換這兩種方式歸納要點(diǎn)。各要點(diǎn)的詞數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)文中對應(yīng)內(nèi)容的篇幅來定，分清主次。轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)注意遵循兩個(gè)原則：(1)不增不減不曲：客觀精準(zhǔn)地表述原文要點(diǎn)，不增添不屬于原材料的信息或刪減原材料關(guān)鍵信息或改變原材料所表達(dá)的意思。(2)不繁：在正確理解原文的前提下，用簡潔的語言表達(dá)與所給材料一致的信息。第四步句式多樣，注意過渡銜接在概要中合理使用非謂語、從句和特殊句式等使句式豐富多樣，但句子結(jié)構(gòu)不可過長，也不要用太復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí)選用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞連接上下文，保證概要部分內(nèi)容的連貫性。[典例]閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Beesareverystrangecreatures.Theyhavetheirownwayoftellingeachotherthattheyhavefoundanewflower.Theybringsomeofitsnectar(花蜜)backhomeandthendoalittledancethatshowswheretheflowerisandhowfarawayitis.Inautumntheworkerbeesgooutandcollectasmuchnectarandpollen(花粉)astheycancarry.Thentheyreturntomakehoneyandstoreitforthelongcoldwinter.Beesbuildtheirownhousesbuttheydonotalwayshaveroundtopslikepeopledrawtheminstorybooks.Theyareusuallyfivestoreyshigh.Thequeenbeealwayshasthebottomstorey.Inbetweenthebottomstoreyandalltheresttherearebarsonlyjustwideenoughfortheworkerstopassthrough.Thequeenbeecannevergouptotheotherfloorsbecausesheisbiggerthanalltheotherbees.Thestoreysthequeencan'tenterarewherethestoreroomsare.Thereareroomsforpollen，nectarandroyaljellies(蜂王漿)．Ifthereisafiretheworkershavetocoverthewallsandentranceoftherooms.Theyhavetomovethehoneyandthenectarandpollenawayfromthehotwallsoftheroom.Thequeenistheonlythatcanlayeggs.Shemateswithamalebeecalledadrone(雄蜂)．Oncethequeenhaslaidtheeggsshethrowsthedroneoutbecauseadronejustsitsaroundeatinghoneyandnectar.Hecannotgooutandcollectpollenbecausedronesdonothavepollen-carryingthingsontheirlegsliketheworkershave.Youngbeesarecallednursesbecausetheyhavetonursethenewbornbeeswhethertheylikeitornot.Whatabeeendsupbeingwhenitgrowsupdependsonwhatiteats.Ifitistobeaqueenitmustfeedonroyaljelliesanditmustnever，everseteyesonanotherqueen.Ifitdoestheymustfighttillonlyoneofthemisstillalive.[四步解題示范]第一步：讀懂原文，明確篇章結(jié)構(gòu)本文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)為“總—分”式。第1段內(nèi)容為主題段，引入主題，對蜜蜂進(jìn)行總括介紹；第2段介紹工蜂的職能；第3段介紹蜂王的住所；第4段介紹雄蜂；第5段介紹幼蜂的職責(zé)及命運(yùn)。第二步：去次留精，提煉關(guān)鍵信息段落 關(guān)鍵詞 1.Topic：bees ①strange，nectar，flower2.workerbees：collectnectarandpollen ②nectar，pollen，honey，storequeenbee：queenbee'slivingspace ③bottom__storey，store__roomsdrones：dutyanddestiny ④mate，sit__aroundyoungbees：responsibilitiesandfuture ⑤nurses，grow__up，queen第三步：歸納要點(diǎn)，合理轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)段落要點(diǎn)內(nèi)容合并利用詞語替換法將strange改為unusual，creatures改為animals，第二、三句說的是一種特殊交流方式。第一段可概括為：Beesareunusualanimalsandhaveauniquewaytomunicatewithoneanother.第二段主要說明工蜂努力工作以采集儲(chǔ)存花粉與花蜜，這兩項(xiàng)可以歸類成“食物”。這段可概括為：Workerbeesworktirelesslytostorefood.利用詞語替換法將第三句中的has改為短語takesup，這一段可概括為：Unlikeworkerbees，therelaxingqueenbeetakesupthebottomstoreyofthefive-storeyhouse.4.蜂王與雄蜂交配后會(huì)將其逐出蜂房，可以抽象表達(dá)為蜂王利用完雄蜂后將其拋棄。這一段可概括為：Sheevendesertsthedroneaftershefinishesusinghim.5.利用詞語替換法將nurse改為短語carefor，這一段可概括為：Sameasworkerbees，youngbeesneedtoworktocarefornewbornbees，buttheycanonlyleavetheirfuturestowhattheyeat.第四步：句式多樣，注意過渡銜接本文作者介紹了蜂群中不同類型蜜蜂的特點(diǎn)，工蜂工作勤奮努力，蜂王靠著其權(quán)威過著輕松的生活，兩者形成對比，所以用Unlike連接兩個(gè)句子。第四段依然由蜂王引出雄蜂，所以用代詞She代替queenbee。最后一段中幼蜂需要與工蜂一樣努力工作，所以加Sameasworkerbees將二者聯(lián)系起來。1.【上海市育才中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月第一次階段檢測英語試卷】Itisamonsightoncampusorinthestreets:ayoungpersonridesbyonanelectricscooter,travelingquicklyandproudly.ButBeijing’strafficauthoritieshavesaidthatstartingonSept.5,peoplewhoarecaughtridingelectricscootersonpublicroadsorbicyclelaneswillbefined10yuan.Theywillalsobegivenawarningnottousethevehiclesonpublicroadsagain.TheannouncementwasmadeaftertrafficpoliceinShanghaistartedacampaigntogetelectricscootersoffpublicroads,withpoliceofficersstoppingridersbecausethescooterscouldcausetrafficproblems.TheBeijingConsumerAssociationsaidithadtestedmorethan20electricscootersofdifferentbrandsrecentlyandfoundthatmosthadsubstandardbrakes.Itaddedthat16ofthetestedscooterscouldgofasterthanthemaximum20kmperhoursetforelectricbikes.Accordingtothetrafficpolice,peoplewhorideelectricscootersatcertainspeedscaneasilybumpintothevehiclesinthevehiclelaneandhurtpeoplewhowalkinthebicyclelanes.Butseeingthebenefitsthatelectricscootershavebroughttoyoungpeople,expertsareworriedthatthebanmaytakeeffectslowly.Electricscootersareagreatanswertothe‘lastmileproblem’ofgettingfromapublictransportstationtoone’shome.They’relightenoughtothrowoveryourshoulder.They’reeasytoridejustaboutanywhereanddon’tneedalotofphysicaleffort.Thescootercantravel25kmononecharge.It’sconvenientandeasytocontrol.Theyarealsogoodforenvironment.Unlikecarsandbuses,electricscootersproducenocarbondioxide,neednofuelandmakealmostnonoise.Formanyyoungpeople,theyusethemtocopycoolcelebritiestheyhaveseeninvideos.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【上海市位育中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中測評英語試卷】MindfulnessMindfulnesstypicallyreferstoastateofinthemomentawarenessinwhichoneavoidsjudgingthethoughtsandemotionsofhimselfandothers.Itisoftenpracticedinmeditation（冥想）andsomeformsoftherapy.Numerousfindingsfrompsychologicalresearchsuggestpracticingmindfulnesscanleadtomanybenefits,includingstressreductionandincreasedpsychologicalwellbeing.Forexample,inastudyofcancerpatients,cultivatingmindfulnessthroughmeditationorothermindfulnessbasedtrainingenabledpeopletobemoreselectiveabouttheiremotionalexperiences,enablingthemtoreducetheirstressandanxietywhileincreasingpositiveemotions.Similarly,studiesshowthatmindfulnesscanalsoenhanceinformationprocessingspeedwhilereducingeffortandnegativethoughtsandthemeditatorssignificantlyoutperformedthenonmeditatorsonallmeasuresofattention,suggestionthatmindfulnessimprovesone'sabilitytofocus.Itisapparentthatmindfulnesshasmanynoteworthybenefits,whichincludeeverything,frompsychologicaltophysicalimprovements.However,researchhasalsoshownthatinsomecasesmindfulnesscanalsoleadtonegativeoutes.Forexample,onestudyfoundthatfollowingmindfulnessmeditation,participantsweremorelikelytoformtakememories,demonstratingapotentialunintendeddownsidetomindfulness.Inaddition,anotherstudysuggestedmindfulnessresearchersneededtobecarefulthattheydidn'tlearnparticipantsbybringingaboutunpleasantmental,physical,orspiritualreactionsthroughmindfulness.Forexample,mindfulnessmeditationmayresultinsevereanxietyforthosediagnosedwithPosttraumaticStressDisorder（PTSD）（創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙）.ThosewithPTSDtendtoavoidthoughtsandfeelingsrelatedtotheirtrauma.However,mindfulnessmeditationencouragesemotionalopenness,whichcouldleadindividualswithPTSDtoexperiencethestressorsthattheypreviouslyavoided,potentiallyleadingtoretraumatization.Itcan'tbedeniedthatmindfulnessisanimportanttoolinthemanagerialtoolbox,butitisnotacureall,anditmustbeappliedthoughtfullytobeeffective.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【上海市同濟(jì)大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)20222023學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期5月月考】LearningtowriteeffectivelyI’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(lastingonlyashorttime)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernonstop,usuallyfor1520minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.Insteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【上海市浦東新區(qū)20232024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考英語試題】ObstaclestothecorrectdecisionLifeisfullofchoices,someinconsequential,somereallysignificant.Butsometimesitcanbehardtomakethecorrectone.Whataretheobstaclesthatstandbetweenusandagoodoute?Someofusjustfindithardtodecide.AliceBoyes,writingforHarvardBusinessReview,tellsusthiscanbeconnectedtoperfectionism,wherepeopleattempttofindaperfectsolutiontoanyproblemandareunabletomoveforwardwhentheycan’tfindone.Itmightseemthatbeingindecisivewouldstopusmakingtherightdecision,butinfactitcouldactuallyhelpusmakethecorrectones.SusanKraussinPsychologyTodayremindsusthatpeopleoftenmakebaddecisionsbecausetheybasethemonpreconceptionsratherthanthecontextinwhichthingshappen.ShehighlightsapaperbyresearcherIrisSchneiderwhichfindsthatindecisivepeoplearemorelikelytolookatdifferentperspectivesandusethemtoetoabetterdecision.So,itcouldbethatamoresignificantbarriertomakingthebestchoiceisourcognitivebiases.DavidRobsontellsusthatintelligencecansometimesstoppeoplemakingtherightdecision.Peoplesometimesuseintelligencetoinventjustificationsforirrationalbeliefs.Hebelievesthathumilityiskeytomakingagooddecision.Peoplewhocanacceptthattheymightbewrongaremorelikelytoconsiderdifferentviewpoints.HeisbackeduponthisbyJeffBezos.TechCEOJasonFriedrecallstheAmazonfoundersayinghowthepeoplewhowererightalotofthetimewerethepeoplewhooftenchangedtheirminds.So,mayberatherthanindecision,itmightbeintelligenceanddecisiveness,backedupbyourbiasesthatactuallystopusmakinggoodchoiceswhilehumilityandindecisivenesscouldhelpuspickthebestoption.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【上海市上海中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中測評英語試題】IsItBadtoSleepWithWetHair?Ifyoushowerbeforebed,you’veprobablywonderedwhethersleepingwithdamphairisaproblem.Maybeyou’vehearditcouldmakeyousick,orthatitcandamageyourhair.What’sthetruth?Let’saddressthe“itcanmakeyousick”mythfirst.Thisideaseemstofitintotheoldbitoffolklorethat