新教材英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性單元加餐練2Unit2LookingintotheFuture

單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解LetusallraiseaglasstoAlphaGoandtheadvanceofartificialintelligence.AlphaGo,DeepMind'sGo-playingAI，justdefeatedthebestGo-playinghuman，LeeSedol.Butaswedrinktoitssuccess,weshouldalsobegintryingtounderstandwhatitmeansforthefuture.ThenumberofpossiblemovesinagameofGoissohugethat,inordertowinagainstaplayerlikeLee,AlphaGowasdesignedtoadoptahuman-likestyleofgameplaybyusingarelativelyrecentdevelopment—deeplearning.Deeplearninguseslargedatasets，“machinelearning”algorithms(計(jì)算程序)anddeepneuralnetworkstoteachtheAIhowtoperformaparticularsetoftasks.RatherthanprogrammingplexGorulesandstrategiesintoAlphaGo，DeepMinddesignerstaughtAlphaGotoplaythegamebyfeedingitdatabasedontypicalGomoves.Then，AlphaGoplayedagainstitself,tirelesslylearningfromitsownmistakesandimprovingitsgameplayovertime.Theresultsspeakforthemselves.Deeplearningrepresentsashiftintherelationshiphumanshavewiththeirtechnologicalcreations.ItresultsinAIthatdisplayssurprisingandunpredictablebehaviour.mentingafterhisfirstloss，Leedescribedbeingshockedbyanunconventionalmoveheclaimednohumanwouldeverhavemade.DemisHassabis,oneofDeepMind'sfounders，echoedthisment：“We'reverypleasedthatAlphaGoplayedsomequitesurprisingandbeautifulmoves.”Unpredictabilityandsurprisesare—orcanbe—agoodthing.Theycanindicatethatasystemisworkingwell，perhapsbetterthanthehumansthatcamebeforeit.SuchisthecasewithAlphaGo.However，unpredictabilityalsoindicatesalossofhumancontrol.ThatHassabisissurprisedathiscreation'sbehavioursuggestsalackofcontrolinthedesign.AndthoughsomelossofcontrolmightbefineinthecontextofagamesuchasGo，itraisesurgentquestionselsewhere.HowmuchandwhatkindofcontrolshouldwegiveuptoAImachines?HowshouldwedesignappropriatehumancontrolintoAIthatrequiresustogiveupsomeofthatverycontrol?IstheresomeAIthatweshouldjustnotdevelopifitmeansanylossofhumancontrol?Howmuchofasayshouldcorporations，governments，expertsorcitizenshaveinthesematters?Theseimportantquestions,andmanyotherslikethem，haveemergedinresponse，butremainunanswered.Theyrequirehuman，nothuman-like，solutions.SoaswedrinktothemilestoneinAI,let'salsodrinktotheunderstandingthatthetimetoanswerdeeplyhumanquestionsaboutdeeplearningandAIisnow.這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。這篇文章作者結(jié)合人工智能AlphaGo戰(zhàn)勝韓國(guó)棋手李世石的圍棋比賽展開，闡述了AI的運(yùn)作原理以及作者的思考。1．WhatcontributesmosttotheunconventionalmoveofAlphaGointhegame?A．Thecapabilityofself-improvement.B．Theconstantinputoflargedatasets.C．Theinstallationofdeepneutralnetworks.D．TheknowledgeofGorulesandstrategies.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。答案定位在第二段Then，AlphaGoplayedagainstitself,tirelesslylearningfromitsownmistakesandimprovingitsgameplayovertime.Theresultsspeakforthemselves.可知，AI的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程是通過(guò)不斷和自己比賽，吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)獲得自我提高，故選A。2．ApotentialdangerofAIis________.A．thelossofhumancontrolB．thefriendlyrelationshipC．thefiercepetitionD．thelackofchallenge答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第四段However，unpredictabilityalsoindicatesalossofhumancontrol.可知，不可預(yù)測(cè)性也表明失去了人類的控制，故選A。3．HowshouldwedealwiththeunpredictabilityofAI?A．WeshouldstopAImachinesfromdevelopingevenfurther.B．Weshouldcallonthegovernmenttosolvetheseproblemsforus.C．Weshouldrelyonourselvesandeupwitheffectivesolutions.D．Weshouldinventevenmoreintelligentmachinestosolveeverything.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。答案定位在第五段Theyrequirehuman，nothuman-like，solutions.可知，他們需要人類，只有人類自己努力才最可能找出解決方案，故選C。4．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthisremarkableadvanceinAI?A．Supportive. B．Optimistic.C．Doubtful. D．Cautious.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。答案定位在最后一段SoaswedrinktothemilestoneinAI,let'salsodrinktotheunderstandingthatthetimetoanswerdeeplyhumanquestionsaboutdeeplearningandAIisnow.可知作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)我們?yōu)槿斯ぶ悄艿睦锍瘫杀瓡r(shí)，也要知道現(xiàn)在是深入回答關(guān)于深度學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能的時(shí)候了。因此推斷作者對(duì)于AI的先進(jìn)性持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度，讓時(shí)間來(lái)證明這一切。A.Supportive支持的；B.Optimistic樂(lè)觀的；C.Doubtful可疑的；D.Cautious謹(jǐn)慎的，故選D。Ⅱ.七選五LiveEveryDayLikeIt'saHolidayWefeelgreatonholidaybecauseweletgoofeverydaystressesandstrains.__1__Sowhetherornotyou'regoingawaythissummer,there'splentyyoucandotomakesureyoubenefitfromthatholidayfeeling.SleeplikeaholidaymakerSleeplikeababywhenyou'reonyourholidaysbutstayawakewhenyou'reinyourusualroutine?__2__Toresetyoursleeppattern,avoidbringingproblemstobed.Thatincludesyourphone,TVorlaptop.Makesuretheroomisdarkandcool.Aimforatleastsevenhours'ZZZs—justasyouwouldonholiday.Getmoving__3__Awalkwillreleasehappyhormones,andeasesanxietyandmilddepression.Giventhatexerciseischeap,healthyandreducesstress,itmakesabsolutesensetobuilditintoyourday.Startwithjust15minutesofexerciseaday.__4__Partofthejoyofgoingawayislingeringoverdeliciousfoodwithfamilies.Takeuptheholidayhabitofsittingdownasafamilyforatleastonemealaday.Familieswhoeattogetherexperiencelessanxiety,lessdepressionandlessobesity,researchhasfound.BeatouristinyourowncityPartofthethrillofaholidayisthenoveltyofdiscoveringanewplaceanddoingnewthings.__5__Atweekends,checkoutanewmusicvenue,visitadifferentmuseumorhaveadrinkinthatinteresting-lookingpubyou'realwayswalkingpast.Itwillgetyououtofroutineandmakeyoufeelalive.Abitlikeaholiday,really.A．Makeyourmealsacelebration.B．Carveoutsomededicatedquiettime.C．Ifso,youmightneedtoexamineyoursleephabits.D．Justmakesureyouscheduleitintoyourdayorweek.E．Butit'salsoeasytobeaholidaymakerintheplaceyoulive.F．Researchhasevenshownthatvacationshelphealthandwell-being.G．Whenyou'retravelling,youwalkaroundnewcitieswithoutasecondthought.本文在幾個(gè)方面給讀者提出了幾條建議，建議人們?yōu)樽约籂I(yíng)造假期氛圍，享受生活。1．F解析：由標(biāo)題和第一句可知，由于擺脫了每天的壓力和緊張，假期給我們的感覺很好。研究甚至表明，假期有助于健康和幸福。該句與上一句構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故選項(xiàng)F符合語(yǔ)境。2．C解析：本段第一句為設(shè)問(wèn)句，“當(dāng)你在度假的時(shí)候睡得像個(gè)嬰兒一樣，但當(dāng)你在你的日常生活中保持清醒？”因此該空作為答語(yǔ)，如果是這樣，你可能需要檢查你的睡眠習(xí)慣。故選C。3．G解析：根據(jù)本段的標(biāo)題和本段其他幾句可知散步有很多好處，作者建議人們多運(yùn)動(dòng)。又根據(jù)下一句提及的“thatexercise”，可知與選項(xiàng)G中“walkaroundnewcities”有呼應(yīng)關(guān)系，故選G。4．A解析：本句為標(biāo)題句。根據(jù)本段段意可知，為了減少焦慮、抑郁和肥胖，要養(yǎng)成和家人一起坐下來(lái)，每天至少吃一頓飯的假日習(xí)慣。故“讓吃飯成為一種慶?；顒?dòng)”符合題意，故選A。5．E解析：根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題句：在自己的城市做一名游客。由上下文邏輯可知，本句與上一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，進(jìn)入正題，選項(xiàng)E中tobeaholidaymakerintheplaceyoulive與主題呼應(yīng)，故選E。Ⅲ.完形填空AsachildIoncereadanarticleaboutthePacificCrestTrail(太平洋屋脊步道)inNationalGeographic.Itwasa__1__oftwomenwhowalked2,650milesfromMexicotoCanadawithhugepacks.Itcaughtmyeye,asI,too,__2__adventuresinthewilderness.I'vealwaysrememberedthatstory,butneverbelievedIwouldactually__3__it.Itwastoofaroutofmyfortzone.Butthen,attheageof42,Ihikedthe88TemplesTrailthroughJapan.There,Iexperiencedhow__4__itcouldbetohikealone.What__5__memostwerethefantasticmountains,grandtemplesandgenerouslocalpeople.And__6__，Imanagedtopletethetrailinsixweekswithoutanysevereinjuries.Forthefirsttime,I__7__thatIcouldachievemydreamoftravellingaroundAmericaoneday.WhenIsharedmyplanwithfriendsandcolleagues,thenewswasweledwith__8__reactions.FromsomeIgotenthusiastic__9__.Butfromotherstherewerefrownsandquestionmarks.Halfayearawayfrommyfamilywasa__10__forme.Yetitwouldn'tdefeatme.Afterall,sixmonthsis__11__ashortperiodinalifetime.Afterhavingworkedhardfor20yearsinshinyofficebuildings,Ifelttheneedformore__12__inmylife.Ihopedto__13__andlookwithin,aswellasexploretheunfamiliarthings.IunderstoodthatIneededthemboth.__14__JohnMuironceputit,“Keepcloseto__15__...andclimbamountainorspendaweekinthewoods.Washyourspiritclean.”本文寫了作者從小的夢(mèng)想是野外探險(xiǎn)，工作了二十多年之后，決定放慢生活的速度去看一些不熟悉的東西。1．A.news B．report C．story D．photo答案：C解析：考查名詞及句意理解。A.news新聞；B．report報(bào)告；C.story故事；D.photo照片。根據(jù)句意我曾經(jīng)讀過(guò)的一本書，可知應(yīng)該是個(gè)故事。所以選C。2．A.knewof B．dreamedof C．heardabout D．worriedabout答案：B解析：考查短語(yǔ)及句意理解。A.knewof了解；B.dreamedof夢(mèng)想；C．heardabout聽說(shuō)；D.worriedabout焦急。我也夢(mèng)想著野外探險(xiǎn)。所以選B。3．A.make B．ignore C．a(chǎn)ppreciate D．reject答案：A解析：考查動(dòng)詞及句意理解。A.make做；B．ignore忽視；C.appreciate欣賞；D.reject拒絕。我從來(lái)不相信我能做成。所以選A。4．A.dull B．difficult C．a(chǎn)ttractive D．crazy答案：C解析：考查形容詞及句意理解。A.dull無(wú)聊的；B.difficult困難的；C．a(chǎn)ttractive具有吸引力的；D．crazy瘋狂的。我體會(huì)到獨(dú)自徒步旅行是多么吸引人。所以選C。5．A.confused B．shocked C．a(chǎn)ffected D．impressed答案：D解析：考查動(dòng)詞及句意理解。A.confused使迷惑；B．shocked使驚訝；C.affected影響；D．impressed給……留下深刻印象。給我印象最深的是奇異的山峰。所以選D。6．A.tomyregret B．tomysurpriseC．tomysadness D．tomydisappointment答案：B解析：考查介詞短語(yǔ)及句意理解。A.tomyregret令我后悔的是；B.tomysurprise令我驚訝的是；C.tomysadness令我難過(guò)的是；D.tomydisappointment令我失望的是。令我驚訝的是，我在六周內(nèi)完成了全程，沒有任何嚴(yán)重的傷病。所以選B。7．A.denied B．pretended C．realized D．promised答案：C解析：考查動(dòng)詞及句意理解。A.denied拒絕；B．pretended假裝；C．realized意識(shí)到；D.promised承諾。我第一次意識(shí)到我能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。所以選C。8．A.mixed B．positive C．doubtful D．strange答案：A解析：考查形容詞及句意理解。A.mixed混合的；B．positive積極的；C.doubtful懷疑的；D．strange奇怪的。當(dāng)我與朋友和同事分享我的計(jì)劃時(shí)，他們對(duì)這個(gè)消息反應(yīng)混雜不一。所以選A。9．A.promiseB．a(chǎn)ssistance C．devotion D．a(chǎn)pproval答案：D解析：考查名詞及句意理解。A.promise承諾；B．a(chǎn)ssistance幫助；C．devotion奉獻(xiàn)；D.approval贊成，認(rèn)可。我得到熱情的認(rèn)可。所以選D。10．A.relief B．challenge C．delight D．fort答案：B解析：考查名詞及句意理解。A.relief釋放，輕松；B．challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C．delight高興；D．fort安慰。離開家半年對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一種挑戰(zhàn)。所以選B。11．A.finally B．hardly C．quickly D．simply答案：D解析：考查副詞及句意理解。A.finally最終；B.hardly幾乎不；C．quickly快速地；D.simply不過(guò)，僅僅。六個(gè)月僅僅是生命中非常短的一段時(shí)光。所以選D。12．A.adventureB．bravery C．safety D．knowledge答案：A解析：考查名詞及句意理解。A.adventure冒險(xiǎn)；B.bravery勇敢；C.safety安全；D．knowledge知識(shí)。二十多年的辦公室工作之后，我覺得我的生活需要更多的冒險(xiǎn)。所以選A。13．A.speedupB．standby C．slowdown D．dropout答案：C解析：考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及句意理解。A.speedup加速；B.standby支持；袖手旁觀；C.slowdown減速；D.dropout退出。我希望放慢腳步，同時(shí)探索那些不熟悉的東西。所以選C。14．A.WhenB．As C．If D．Unless答案：B解析：考查連詞及句意理解。A.When當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；B.As正如；C.If如果；D．Unless除非。正如約翰·繆爾曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的，“親近自然……爬山或者在樹林里待上一個(gè)星期，把你的靈魂洗干凈?！彼赃xB。15．A.forestB．desert C．nature D．valley答案：C解析：考查名詞及句意理解。A.forest森林；B．desert沙漠；C．nature自然；D．valley山谷。正如約翰·繆爾曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的，“親近自然……爬山或者在樹林里待上一個(gè)星期，把你的靈魂洗干凈”。所以選C。Ⅳ.概要寫作Overthepastfewyears,therehasbeenabigincreaseinthenumberofpeoplesharinginformationonline.Inthisarticle,wewilllearnaboutsomepositivefactorsforpeopletoshareinformationonline.Weoftenshareinformationwithourfriendsintheofficeorathometoeducate,entertainorpleasantlysurprisethem.Inthiswaywecanconnectwithothers.Thisisalsotruewhilesharinginformationonline.IfyoulookattheFacebookwallpostsofyourfriends,youwillrealizethatmostoftheirupdatesareusuallyfamousquotes,entertainingvideos,inspirationalimages,funnyjokes,etc.94%ofthosewhorespondedtoasurveybyTheNewYorkTimessaidtheyputalotofthoughtintohowthecontenttheyaresharingwillbebeneficialtoothers.Alotofpeopleshareinformationonlinetorepresenttheirtrueselftotheoutsideworld.Somepeople,especi